abiotic stress responses in plants an overview

... osmolytes in plants subject to salt stress are GB, b-alaninebetaine, prolinebetaine, choline-O-sulphate, hydroxyprolinebetaine, and pipecolatebetaine (Ashraf and Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants: An ... understanding abiotic stress tolerance in plants Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India Parvaiz Ahmad M.N.V Prasad Contents Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants: An Overview ... stress tolerance by inducing co-ordinated antioxidant defense at cellular and subcellular level in leaves of wheat seedlings Physiol Plant 127:494–506 Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants: An Overview...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 10:20

... transpiration, photosynthesis, and activities of antioxidant enzymes using laboratory-cultured Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, a common mangrove in Okinawa, Japan Materials and methods 2.1 Source of plants ... 50% inhibition of nitrite formation from hydroxylamine in the presence of xanthineoxidase A steep increase in the activity of SOD began immediately following the transfer of the plant grown in ... few interesting features The transfer of B gymnorrhiza from water to any higher salinity, resulted in an immediate increase in transpiration We suggest that this is a response aimed at increasing...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 02:20

... water stress in Katherine seedlings Stressed Tennant Creek seedlings maintained a higher proportion of dry weight in leaves and least in stems and, in fertilised seedlings, those from Tennant Creek ... component analysis (Cooley and Lohnes, lings (Fig 3) Water stress reduced leaf area most in Katherine seedlings (Fig 4), and the provenances also differed in stress- induced changes in the partitioning ... most adaptable provenance It occurs naturally on well-drained, sandy, infertile soils and is developing a reputation as an outstandingly successful provenance in many plantations outside Australia...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:20

... were, in many cases, produced by the covariates but the signi®cant main e€ect of the FNG and the signi®cant interaction FNG by familiarity, obtained in the two-way analyses of variance, remained ... been observed by Pliner and Hobden (1992) in Canadian students; by Frank et al (1997) in US students; and by Frank and Hursti (1999) in a representative US sample On the other 35 hand, Swedish parents ... were included: BenecolR margarine that had recently been launched in Finland as a cholesterol lowering ``functional'' food; LoR reduced calorie chocolate bar (also manufactured in Finland); and...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2013, 21:06

... although flood insurance in Japan is an important tool in flood management, many developing countries in Asia due to various reasons are facing problems in incorporating its analogues into their ... on the advances of domestic economic and political reforms Financing Problems in financing are often indicated as one of the most important factors defining failures in performance of institutions; ... Tools used include outlining possible gaps between design and action of institutions and explaining success and failures in their performance and in behavior of main stakeholders Analysis of...

Ngày tải lên: 22/10/2013, 10:15

... compliment responses (CRs, hereafter) in English and Vietnamese in order to increase knowledge and effective use of verbal responses to compliments in teaching and learning English as a foreign language ... closer, establish and maintain the conversation, develop interpersonal relationship and process In the process of teaching and learning English, the pragmatic and discoursal use of responses to compliments ... and CRs in New Zealand She analyzed quantitatively the topics that compliments referred to and discussed the frequencies of giving and receiving compliments between men and women Le Phuong Binh...

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2013, 13:19

... Research underlie the observed changes in reproduction remain largely unexplained An ongoing infrared (IR) warming experiment in a subalpine meadow in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado has enabled observations ... under IR warming, we hypothesized that warming would result in an increase in respiration and/or a decrease in photosynthesis, resulting in greater relative C costs of producing flowers In contrast, ... warming produces complex responses within and among species Our results highlight the importance of including multiple species in studies of plant responses to climate change Models of plant...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 17:20

... obviously involved in hydraulic functioning of the plant, but their number and amount was similar in individuals suffering from shoot dieback and in those presenting no such symptom Meanwhile, all individuals ... accumulation in the leaves due to the maintenance of an effective phloem transport [58, 59], as reported for Nyssia aquatica, Quercus alba, and Quercus nigra [30] Long term responses in tolerant plants include ... their roots, and 41 were used as controls Water-logging was imposed during weeks on months old seedlings Sampling was done according to following schedule: control and stressed plants from each...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 16:20

... I), and considering that N nitida is the more sensitive of the two species to transplanting (M Alberdi, unpublished) plants were potted in original soil of the N nitida site, in order to standardise ... saturation point declined with drought intensity [6] the same PPFD became probably saturating at a Ψm lower than −2.5 MPa, producing the increase of NPQ in N dombeyi and the concomitant decrease in Fv/Fm, ... watering, but this response differed between the two species (Fig 1, Tab II) Mortality began at much higher Ψm in N nitida than in N Fv/Fm, ∆F/Fm and qP declined gradually with increasing drought in...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 16:21

... is main- tained by means of increases in cell solute content (lowering Ψπ) in response to water stress [17, 24] or when new organs are expanding [24, 32] It may be a very important mechanism ... Change in the Alps and Fennoscandian Mountains, Editions des Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques Geneve, Geneva, 1995, pp 87–95 [37] Wardle P., An explanation for alpine timberline, New Zealand ... regulation and growth by roots and shoots of water-stressed maize plants, Planta 147 (1979) 43–49 [28] Scholander P.F., Hammel H.T., Bradstreet E.D., Hemmingsen E.A., Sap pressure in vascular plants, ...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:22

... conductance and transpiration measurements were randomly taken for each treatment and species combination at h intervals beginning at 0600 hours, and finishing at 2000 hours on days during the ... than Q phellos and Q nigra These findings not completely explain bottomland oak distribution in floodplains, and the results may have been different if seedlings were raised in soil rather than ... conductance during the ’midday slump’ was 85% of the maximum conductance rate in control seedlings, but it was 77% of the maximum conductance rate in stressed plants Diurnal patterns of transpiration...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:21

... Selection for increased pre-weaning and post-weaning weight gain in mice J Anim Sci., 41, 33-42 FuErrTE F., S P F., 1985 Selection for large and small body weight in mice, and its AN RIMITIVO implications ... divided into lines : W C and W- Lines W and W- were selected on the + , + basis of individual performance for large and small 6-week body weight, respectively Line C was maintained as an unselected ... differences in viability of young born and litter size + between the W and W- lines Those differences caused the SDe to be larger in the high line than in the low line Moreover SDr was lower than SDe in...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:22

... Pre-Training Post-Training Pre-Training Thigh Post-Training Arm Figure Magnetic resonance images of the right thigh and upper arm for a single subject pre- and post-training Thigh and arm scan were ... strength and hypertrophy responses to resistance training programs using constant rest intervals (CI) (2-min) and decreasing rest intervals (DI) (2-min decreasing to 30-sec) between sets, during eight ... several mechanisms, including greater gains in lean body mass [2] and an increase in the intensity of individual workouts, resulting from a better ability to meet energy demands during exercise...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 23:21

... catecholamines in defining the concept of physiological reserve rather than in terms of preload or cardiac reserve Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests ... Beckman JS, Liaudet L: Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 2007, 87:315-424 Levy B, Dusang B, Annane D, Gibot S, Bollaert PE: Cardiovascular response to dopamine and ... vessel level using α stimulation, and at the metabolic level using β2 stimulation It remains unknown, however, whether this disturbed answer to catecholamine response is due to a signaling problem...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 10:20

... potential link between renal haemodynamics and renal cortex microcirculatory, metabolic and histological changes was simultaneously analysed Materials and methods Animal handling was in accordance ... evidenced by significant changes in serum creatinine levels (Table 2) In addition, urine output significantly decreased in the AKI group over time Only minor histological changes encompassing mild brush-border ... and metabolic stress) The substantial instrumentalisation used offers a broad insight into organ haemodynamic and metabolic pathways, thereby making it an appealing sepsis model in studies Page...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:23

... and ALT = 41 IU/L), leading to lamivudine interruption at M30 because, at that time, the benefit of maintaining dual therapy was not proven With adefovir Figure HBV viral load and alanine aminotransferases ... the beginning of the second-line dual therapy (M48), rtA181V, rtN236T, and rtM204V/I variants were detectable either by sequencing analysis or both the line probe assay and ARMS This resistance ... and alanine aminotransferases (ALT) HBV viral load and alanine aminotransferases (ALT) HBV viral load and ALT from a patient with chronic hepatitis B during the course of antiviral therapy HBV...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:20

... Many Eastern European and Central Asian Countries Public finances deteriorated sharply in many Eastern European and Central Asian countries in 2009, with an average increase in fiscal deficits ... which in turn means that findings presented in this report must be seen as intermediate findings rather than an evaluation of the final impact of the crisis on Eastern European and Central Asian ... and long-term human capital Measures to protect affected households included gearing up passive and active labor market programs, strengthening social assistance, maintaining or increasing minimum...

Ngày tải lên: 03/11/2014, 19:27

... The major antigen presenting cells in Mtb infections are macrophages and DCs, and these cells can influence the type of T cell responses mounted during infection (Dorhoi and Kaufmann, 2009) The cytokines ... strain expressing listeriolysin that causes perforation in phagosomes, allowing BCG to egress into the cytosol, and induces apoptosis of infected macrophages, thereby inducing cross‐priming and increasing ... (Kaufmann, 2010a) There is interest in developing vaccines targeting antigens upregulated in latency, such as the DosR‐regulated proteins (Lin and Ottenhoff, 2008) A multi‐stage vaccine combining...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:51

... strongly influenced by the antioxidant-oxidant balance Therefore, the antioxidant levels in these cells play a pivotal role in maintaining immune cells in a reduced environment and in protecting them ... that increase with age Antioxidants, namely ascorbic acid (vitamin C, an important cytoplasmic antioxidant), vitamin E (considered the principal antioxidant defence against lipid peroxidation in ... which is in turn controlled by antioxidants [7] NF- and AP-1 binding sites are found in the promoter regions of many proinflammatory cytokines and immunoregulatory mediators important in the induction...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 08:20

... tobacco plants Fig Analysis of ROS accumulation in wild-type and transgenic plants in response to abiotic and abiotic stresses (A) Virus infection-induced H2O2 accumulation detected by DAB staining ... may improve tolerance to oxidative stress in transgenic plants during seed germination 1372 Plants have evolved antioxidant defense systems to dispose of excess ROS and to maintain cellular ROS ... the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and APX in the transgenic plants were significantly higher than in the wild-type (Fig 8C) These results indicate that the enhanced oxidative stress tolerance in...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 23:20