... translators, analyze user interaction
behavior, and develop novel types of assistance.
To have a testbed for this research, we developed
an online, web- basedtool for translators.
2 Overview
Caitra ... has
made little inroads into tools for human transla-
tors. Although it has become common practice in
the industry to provide human translators with ma-
chine translation output that they have ... Edinburgh
pkoehn@inf.ed.ac.uk
Abstract
We developed caitra, a novel tool that aids
human translators by (a) making sugges-
tions for sentence completion in an inter-
active machine translation setting,...
... multi-valued flags that can
be added to other annotations. Finally, annotators
can attach free-form text notes to any annotation.
In addition to information extraction tasks,
these annotation primitives ... China
{pontus,smp,goran,okap}@is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp
sophia.ananiadou@manchester.ac.uk
jtsujii@microsoft.com
Abstract
We introduce the brat rapid annotation tool
(BRAT), an intuitive web- basedtool for text
annotation supported ... Computational Linguistics.
Hamish Cunningham, Diana Maynard, Kalina
Bontcheva, Valentin Tablan, Niraj Aswani, Ian
Roberts, Genevieve Gorrell, Adam Funk, Angus
Roberts, Danica Damljanovic, Thomas Heitz,
Mark...
... system.
- Easy to manage, update database: Database is located at dedicated server that
managers can maintain and update it easily.
- Quick delivery: web- based model make it portable to be delivered ...
performance.
Most of web applications today use RelationalDatabase Management System
(RDBMS) using Structure Query Language (SQL) to store and manipulate data logic.
There are many available ... chapters.
2.3.2.3. Data access tier
It consists of the database server that contains all logic data of application.
Separating logic data from application into it will make program scalable and...
... we use the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark
owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark.
Java™ and all Java -based marks are trademarks or registered ...
Intermediate–Advanced
Davidson
Pro SQL Server 2008
Relational Database
Design and Implementation
The eXperT’s Voice
đ
in sQl serVer
Pro
SQL Server 2008
Relational Database
Design
and
Implementation
... with
relational databases—including nearly every version of SQL Server.
My first goal in writing this book is to explain many of the important concepts
you need to learn from adatabase design...
... debate, and celebrate the topic of database design
and how critical it is for any datacentric application.
Database design is part science and part art. There’s a science to normalization, but determining
the ... that
enable developers to play their best game.
Database design is the foundation of every datacentric application. An elegant database design
makes the data obvious and easy to query and sets ... page when it comes to the concepts and basic theories that are
fundamental to proper database design.
Database Design Phases
Too often when I sit down to build a system that r
equires data storage,...
... when necessary. It does not limit you to accessing data
within only that one database; however, managing data in separate databases becomes a mor
e
manual process, rather than a natural, built-in ... represented at the logical level in the same way as ordinary data,
so that authorized users can apply the same relational language to its interrogation as they
apply to regular data.
This means you ... the database server can be addressed by knowing
the database they reside in and the schema (note that you can set up linked servers and include a
server name as well):
databaseName.schemaName.objectName
Schemas...
... becomes a large
validation problem to make sure that different values of the smart key are actually valid.
■
Note
Smart keys are useful tools to communicate a lot of information to the user in a small ... use a surrogate key. In reality, many of our exam-
ples of natur
al keys w
ere actually surrogate keys in their original database but were elevated to a
natural status by usage in the “real” ... keys) and surrogate keys.
Natur
al Keys
W
ikipedia (
http://www.wikipedia.com) defines the ter
m
natur
al key
as
“
a candidate key that has a
logical relationship to the attributes within that...
... “the database description is represented at the logical level in the same way as ordinary
data, so that authorized users can apply the same relational language to its interrogation as they apply ... that are made by
database vendors.
is brief history lesson was mostly for getting you started to understand why relationaldatabase are
implemented as they are today. In three papers, Codd took ... developing great databases quickly.
Recognizing Relational Data Structures
is section introduces the following core relationaldatabase structures and concepts:
Database and schemaã
Tables, rows, and...
... factors. The
forth step is to analyze the hierarchy model using ISO 9000 factors for an evaluation and a strategic
planning. The final step is to build a Web- based DSS application based on AHP ... Data evaluation uses the collected data
through email questionnaires. After calculating the average of each question, data are inputted into
Web- based DSS application.
4. Architecture of Web- based ... input data and suggestion DSS design application.
Implementation: Web- based DSS application is a main implementation part for AHP model
application.
Outcome evaluation: Results are measured and...
... Inter-
speech/ICSLP, pages 1065–1068.
Harlan Hiley, Ramakrishna Vedantham, Gregory Cuel-
lar, Alan Liuy, Natasha Gelfand, Radek Grzeszczuk,
and Gaetano Borriello. 2008. Landmark -based pedes-
trian navigation ... Model
The navigation system is supported by a database
called the City Model. The City Model is a GIS
database containing a variety of data required to sup-
port navigation tasks. It has been derived ... Shared Tasks and Compar-
ative Evaluation in Natural Language Generation.
Rainer Malaka and Er Zipf. 2000. Deep Map - chal-
lenging IT research in the framework of a tourist in-
formation system....
... 2012.
c
2012 Association for Computational Linguistics
Building trainable taggers in a web- based, UIMA-supported NLP
workbench
Rafal Rak, BalaKrishna Kolluru and Sophia Ananiadou
National Centre ... Manchester
Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre
131 Princess St, M1 7DN, Manchester, UK
{rafal.rak,balakrishna.kolluru,sophia.ananiadou}@manchester.ac.uk
Abstract
Argo is a web- based NLP and ... compensate for it we
automatically generated part of speech and chunk la-
bels for each token.
The chosen datasets/tasks are by no means an
exhaustive set of representative comparative-setup
datasets...
... talking to TOOT, and links
to 4 task pages. Each task page contained a task
scenario, the hints, instructions for calling TOOT,
anal aweb survey designed to ascertain the depart
and travel ...
the literature as an external indicator of agent usability.
783
Evaluating Response Strategies in a Web- Based Spoken Dialogue Agent
Diane J. Litman
AT&T Labs - Research
180 Park Avenue ... C. Kamm, and A. Abella. 1997. PAR-
ADISE: A general framework for evaluating spoken dia-
logue agents. In
Proc. ACL/EACL.
M. Walker, D. Litman, C. Kamm, and A. Abella. 1998. Eval-
uating spoken...
... the
database. Documentation of the database
design can be printed from the CASE tool.
Subsequent changes to the database
design can be made in the CASE tool and
then applied to the database ... considering a wider
range of DBMS options than just relational
databases. Some other database systems
are better than relational databases at
native handling of trees and hierarchical
information. ... Control
Any person with high level access toa
database can do substantial damage, either
accidentally or on purpose. Anyone with
high level access toadatabase can do
substantial damage with a...
... 7.7
An ER schema for a SHIP_TRACKING database.
FIGURE 7.3
Mapping the n-ary relationship type SUPPLY from
Figure 4.1 1a.
RelationalDatabaseDesign by
ER- and EERR -to -Relational
Mapping
FIGURE ... customary to specify a new key attribute, called a surrogate key,
when creating a relation to correspond to the category.
–
In the example below we can create a relation OWNER to correspond to ... with Boolean
type fields Mflag and Pflag.
ER -to -Relational Mapping
Algorithm (cont)
Step 6: Mapping of Multivalued attributes.
–
For each multivalued attribute A, create a new relation R....
... entities may cause
problems
Information is stored redundantly wasting storage
Problems with update anomalies
–
Insertion anomalies
–
Deletion anomalies
–
Modification anomalies
Examples of ... 4
EXAMPLE OF AN UPDATE
ANOMALY (2)
Insert Anomaly: Cannot insert a project unless
an employee is assigned to .
Inversely - Cannot insert an employee unless an
he/she is assigned toa project. ... determines a unique
value for Y
Guideline to Redundant Information
in Tuples and Update Anomalies
GUIDELINE 2: Designa schema that does not
suffer from the insertion, deletion and update
anomalies....