a user based approach to viable epr systems

... integrated into a phrasebased decoder serving as additional distortion features We evaluated our approach on large-scale Japanese-English and English-Japanese machine translation tasks, and experimental ... rest 75% as test data (auto) We sample a small corpus (575 sentence pairs) and manual alignment (man-small) We denote the automatic alignment for these 575 sentences as (auto-small) From Table 3, ... Experiments To test our ranking reorder model, we carry out experiments on large scale English -To- Japanese, and Japanese -To- English translation tasks 5.1 Data 5.1.1 Evaluation Data We collect 3,500 Japanese...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 19:20

... finite-state automaton that only has two states The automaton is set to initial state (q0) at the top of a message It makes a transition to state (q1) when it encounters a quoted span of text ... scheme that novel thread based features have a greater and more consistent impact on classification performance Data and Coding We make use of an available annotated corpus of discussion data where ... significant difference between Base+Thread and Base+AllContext 4.2 Conclusions We have described work towards an approach to conversation summarization where an assessment of conversational quality along...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... attack plans generated For example, a user can state the goal “An external user with no initial access gains administrator/root access to target.mynetwork.net.” The user then examines the plans ... that grant the attacker local access 3.2 Planner Cyc’s planner is a variant of SHOP, an efficient hierarchical task network planner [Nau et al 1999] The planning domain is a representation of actions ... indicates it is a specialization of ConceptualWork, the collection of deliberately created things that lack a location in space but have a beginning in time and an associated abstract information...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20

... 80–87, Hyderabad, India, January William A Woods 1970 Transition network grammars for natural language analysis Communications of the ACM, 13(10):591–606, October Gerald Gazdar 1988 Applicability of ... in analytic languages by incorporating CCG with a memory mechanism In the memory mechanism, fillers and gaps are stored as modalities that modalize a syntactic category The fillers and the gaps are ... grammar: An approach to gap resolution in analytic-language translation In Proceedings of The Third International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, volume 1, pages 80–87, Hyderabad,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 21:20

... representation of a text has been P produced, i t is easy to prune the less relevant parts in order to obtain the representation of an appropriate summary to be eventually translated into natural ... conflicting evaluations seems more appropriate Such an approach allows taking into account in a flexible and natural way the variety of knowledge sources and processing a c t i v i t i e s that are involved ... , algorithmic definition A procedural, knowledge -based approach comprising a set of rules that can assign relative importance values to the different parts of a text and can resolve or explain...

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 01:20

... as standard language In chat term normalization, when the phonetic mapping models are used to represent mappings between chat term characters and standard counterpart characters, the dynamic ... chat term character T , standard counterpart character C and the mapping probability Prcm (T | C ) that T is mapped to C via this character mapping As they must be constructed from chat language ... language corpus This results in two advantages One, sparse data problem can be addressed appropriately because standard language corpus is used Two, the phonetic mapping models are as stable as...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 04:20

... a head feature, it percolates up to any phrase projected from that head, and allows the PHON value of the lexical head to be accessed at that projection; i.e., headed phrases will also bear a ... Phonology: A Constraint -Based Approach Studies in Natural Language Processing Cambridge University Press Alan W Black and Paul Taylor 1997 The festival speech synthesis system Technical Report ... s fasten a cloak For any given constituent analysed by a metrical tree t, the location of its main stress can be found by tracing a path from the root of t to a terminal element α such that all...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 07:20

... investigation reported here might serve as the empirical basis for an adaptation for Danish dialog of the centering model Attempts have already been made to adapt centering to dialog (Byron and Stent, ... occurred in an epistemic matrix clause or in a clause subordinated to an epistemic matrix clause (epi) An epistemic matrix clause is defined as a matrix clause whose function it is to evaluate the ... jeg har spist I have really not thought about what I have eaten A final example of several NPs referring to the same topic has to with left-dislocation In example (6), the preverbal object ham ‘him’...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

... simplified, and does not show an important aspect of the parser, namely, it retains the unification -based approach introduced in the morphological analyzer This means that all atomic elements in a phrase ... based on unification, or, strictly speaking, checking unifiability of the adequate features of stems and suffixes A phonologically and ortographically motivated allomorph -based variant of Example ... Deriv=Abstr Allom=y Lex=Base happi Cat=Nom Subcat=Adj Deriv=Adv Deg=Comp DerSuper Allom=i Lex=NonBase ly Cat=-Nom Subcat=Adj Deriv=Adv Allom=i Base i -> .y cate~or~ [ADJ] [ADH [ADV] Lex=NonBase way...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

... simplified, and does not show an important aspect of the parser, namely, it retains the unification -based approach introduced in the morphological analyzer This means that all atomic elements in a phrase ... based on unification, or, strictly speaking, checking unifiability of the adequate features of stems and suffixes A phonologically and ortographically motivated allomorph -based variant of Example ... Deriv=Abstr Allom=y Lex=Base happi Cat=Nom Subcat=Adj Deriv=Adv Deg=Comp DerSuper Allom=i Lex=NonBase ly Cat=-Nom Subcat=Adj Deriv=Adv Allom=i Base i -> .y cate~or~ [ADJ] [ADH [ADV] Lex=NonBase way...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

... and translate those to P T B tags Each approach to producing gold standard data has problems and advantages The Brill tagger has a reported error rate of 3% and so cannot be expected to produce ... C5 tags, use our mapping to translate these to P T B tags and compare against the manual annotations from the corpus Instead of tagging the unannotated text we use the existing C5 tags and translate ... Our evaluation of the C5 to P T B mapping shall operate by tagging a text using the Brill tagger, using the derived mapping to translate the annotations to C5 tags and compare the annotations...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:20

... cross-validation procedure In table 1, B1 corresponds to a majority -based baseline classifier that assigns none to all lexemes, and B2 to a baseline classifier that assigns a sentence boundary to ... C Mann and Sandra A Thompson 1988 Rhetorical structure theory: Toward a functional theory of text organization Text, 8(3):243-281 Daniel Marcu 1997 The rhetorical parsing of natural language ... and after it The POS tags are determined automatically, using the Brill tagger (1995) Since discourse markers, such as because and and, have been shown to play a major role in rhetorical parsing...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 04:20

... that alternations such as the causative/inchoative alternation (e.g 2 (a, b)) are learned using class information about the observed subjects and objects of the verb, in addition to subcategorization ... in the tables appears as an abbreviation for {n • A/ 'ln • words(w)}; for example, ( i n t o x i c a n t , [alcohol ]) appears as an abbreviation for {whisky, cognac, wine, beer} Acquisition ... WordNet that were tagged as classification in the WordNet hierarchy, and to classify nouns proper names were mapped to the token pname, a subclass of on the basis of their feature-value correspondences...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 06:20

... due to the fact that no separate source signals are available Again, taking into account source sparseness in the time-frequency domain, we will be able to reproduce the original spatial characteristics ... and P Bofill, “The 2008 signal separation evaluation campaign: a community -based approach to largescale evaluation,” in Independent Component Analysis and Signal Separation, vol 5441 of Lecture ... in a given environment (although other alternatives can also be used [10]) In a second stage, the analyzed spatial features are employed to reproduce the recorded sound again by means of an arbitrary...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 08:20

... cultural metadata Finally, we introduce and evaluate a contentbased method of estimating the “timbral” similarity of musical audio, which automatically extracts and leverages cultural metadata in ... metadata labels applied by human annotators Labels can only be applied to known examples, so novel music cannot be analyzed until it has been annotated Labels that are applied by a single annotator ... believe are due to a lack of contextual information attached to the timbres Aucouturier and Pachet define a weighted combination of their similarity metric with a metric based on textual metadata, allowing...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... GTAAACA(1) TGTTTAC(2) GTAAACAA(1) TTGTTTAC(2) GTAAACAA(1) AACCAGC(12) AAANGTAAACA(5) Fkh2 GTAAACA GTAAACA(1) TGTTTAC(2) GTAAACAA(1) TTGTTTAC(2) TTGTTTAC(1) AANRWAAACA(3) Mbp1 ACGCGT ACGCGT(1) AACGCGT(1) ... CGCGTTT(6) ACGCGAA(10) TTCGCGT(12) n /a AACGCGTT(2) CCAGC(2) ACGCGT RACGCGAAAA(2) n /a n /a CCAGCA Swi6 GACGCGAA(1) n /a Swi5 CACGAAA(7) AACGCSAAAA(3) TGAAACA(2) ACGCGT(3) TGAAACA AACGCSAAAA(3) CGCGAAAA(1) ... ATAAACAA AATAAACA 6.6 0.098 11/66/867 AATAAACA GTAAACAA [60] GTAAACAA(*) CGCGAAA GTAAACA ACGCGAAA ACGCGAAA 8.8 5.9 0.0657 23/142/867 TTTCCTAA [25] TTTCCTAA(+) 5.5 5.2 0.0435 35/307/867 N /A N /A N /A Ste12...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 16:21

... say that language teachers can ask for assistance from content teachers Additionally, language teachers can choose a content subject that they are familiar with to instruct Do not try to teach ... 5: Evaluation (Collecting data again and analyze it to work out the findings) To evaluate the effectiveness of the application of a content -based approach in teaching environmental English a survey ... Hutchinson and Waters (1987) indicate that as well as having to cope with the uncertain values of the strange land of ESP, ESP teachers may also have to struggle to master language and subject matter...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2015, 14:31

... namely: The Controlled -to- Free Approach, The Free-Writing Approach, The Paragraph-Pattern Approach, The Grammar-Syntax-Organization Approach, The Communicative Approach, and The Process Approach ... Free-Writing Approach 1.2.3 The Paragraph-Pattern Approach 1.2.4 The Grammar-Syntax-Organization Approach 1.2.5 The Communicative Approach 1.2.6 The Process Approach ... approach into teaching composition in a real classroom Practically, the research provides language teachers and learners with a number of activities and exercises using the model -based approach...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2015, 14:31

... Foreign Language Learning 4-5 1.2 Theoretical Backgrounds of Genre -Based Approach (G.B .A) 1.2.1 Why choose a genre based approach to teaching writing ? 6-7 1.2.2 Definitions 7-8 1.2.3 Genre -Based Approach ... House Callaghan,M.,&Rotherry,J (1988) Teaching factural writing: A genre based approach. Marrickville,N.S.W:DSP literacy project,Metropolitan East region Chandrasegaran, A and Kum, K T (2008) Teaching ... Expository Writing Singapore: McGraw-Hill Education Cope, B., & Kalantizis,M (Eds) (1993).The powers of literacy: A genre approach to teaching writing London: Falmer Press Freedman, A. , & Medways,...

Ngày tải lên: 04/08/2015, 09:42

... as data storage and retrieval, data drilling, manipulation, and consistency checking (Radermacher 1994) However, with advances in software and hardware technology, the data, model and interface ... idea can be realized by adopting in sequence a set of multivariate analysis tools in statistical field Multivariate analysis is employed when researchers need to represent a relative large data ... clinical data such as prescribed drugs and established diagnoses, and 2) a patient monitoring system that broadcasts physiological data such as a patient’s blood pressure or heart rate A strategy...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 14:04