a survey of technologies approaches and challenges

... knowledge about how a particular item satisfies a particular user need, and can therefore reason about the relationship between a need and possible recommendation [12] The user profile can be any knowledge ... Data Sparsity, Cold Start Problem, Fraud, Scalability, Gray sheep, Shilling attack and synonymy [6-7, 9, 15] Data Sparsity: In practice, many commercial recommender systems are used to evaluate ... dissim( x, y) and sim( x, y) measure the distance apart and closeness respectively The (dis)similarity values are then used to obtain a ranked list of recommended items These approaches are based on...

Ngày tải lên: 25/04/2014, 18:27

... knowledge about how a particular item satisfies a particular user need, and can therefore reason about the relationship between a need and possible recommendation [12] The user profile can be any knowledge ... Data Sparsity, Cold Start Problem, Fraud, Scalability, Gray sheep, Shilling attack and synonymy [6-7, 9, 15] Data Sparsity: In practice, many commercial recommender systems are used to evaluate ... dissim( x, y) and sim( x, y) measure the distance apart and closeness respectively The (dis)similarity values are then used to obtain a ranked list of recommended items These approaches are based on...

Ngày tải lên: 25/04/2014, 18:27

... Sinha, Devanshu Chakravarty, Rajkumar Patra and Rohit Raja Chapter Density Estimation and Wavelet Thresholding via Bayesian Methods: A Wavelet Probability Band and Related Metrics Approach to Assess ... adopted as an international standard for digital cinema applications, there has been a renewal of interest in hardware and software implementation of a lifting DWT, especially in attaining high ... Hsia, Jen-Shiun Chiang, Nader Namazi, Tilendra Shishir Shishir Sinha, Rajkumar Patra, Rohit Raja, Devanshu Chakravarty, Irene Lena Hudson, In Kang, Andrew Rudge, J Geoffrey Chase, Gholamreza Anbarjafari,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 03:20

... of mountains in Afghanistan and the behavior of entrepreneurs in Africa.” Adrian Schofield, head of research for ForgeAhead, an information and communications consulting firm, and a leader with ... through example and generalization MEMS, agents and bots are the reality today In the near future, as computing and data storage become more advanced and nanotechnology and artificial intelligence ... projects and databases online Broadband allows the use of richly detailed audio and video files on such sites – allowing depth of detail in pronunciation and in facial and other physical movements associated...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 19:20

... μPAN ) σb + μb , (1) σPAN where μPAN and μb are the mean of the PAN and MS image band b, respectively, and s PAN and s b are the standard deviation of the PAN and MS image band b, respectively This ... Haydn et al.[30] to merge Landsat MSS with Return Beam Vidicon (RBV) data and Landsat MSS with Heat Capacity Mapping Mission data In 1988, Chavez et al.[31] used SPOT panchromatic data to “sharpen” ... SDM and CBD models, is calculated on bandpass details instead of approximations RWM models the MS details as a space and spectral-varying linear combination of the PAN image coefficients Another...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... from a mainframe CICS application, current account activity from a Sybase database located on a Tandem system, and special promotions that the customer may take advantage of from an AS/400 back-office ... and can gain access to any host they are authorized to access and to which they have a valid login and password Exhibit 2.7 illustrates an example of a user accessing an IBM mainframe using a ... lower CPU and memory capabilities than a PC A wireless device has less power available to it and a much smaller display area than a PC Wireless networks are characterized as having less bandwidth,...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 07:20

... farmer-led adaptation and marketing of higher value products (World Bank, 2006) A special focus is needed on making research and extension more relevant for upland and mountainous areas and more geared ... minorities, have a shortage of funds and labour, this policy has had the effect of excluding them from a large share of the land allocation Table shows that having perennial cropland (generally highly ... farmers cannot afford Often models are based on lowland agriculture and are promoted in upland and mountainous areas without prior testing and verification on local farms and with local people to...

Ngày tải lên: 12/12/2013, 21:15

... soldiers; and each with its outlying factories had a staff of perhaps a dozen factors, as many sub-factors, twice as many assistants, and a few bookkeepers and auditors, as well as a corps of white artisans ... and reasonable A ship captain after paying for a license and buying the king's private stock of slaves at somewhat above the market price would have the news of his arrival spread afar, and at ... artisans and an abundance of native interpreters, boatmen, carriers and domestic servants The Dutch and English stations alternated in a series east and west, often standing no further than a cannon-shot...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 00:20

... recent past, the understanding of central bank transparency and communication has changed dramatically As it became increasingly clear that managing expectations is a central part of monetary policy, ... communications In fact, the Fed is more of a laggard than a leader in this regard The Reserve Bank of New Zealand and the Bank of England were early and enthusiastic converts to greater transparency, ... De Haan, Jakob, Fabian Amtenbrink, and Sandra Waller 2004 “The Transparency and Credibility of the European Central Bank.” Journal of Common Market Studies, 42(4): 775-94 Demiralp, Selma, and...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 10:20

... somewhat mitigated (Ogawa and Retherford 1997; da Vanza and Chan 1994) Economic growth is typically also accompanied by urbanization and the migration of young workers to urban areas In Japan this ... reliable, comparable and comprehensive measures of population health and comparative assessments of the burden of diseases, injuries and risk factors; and to investigate the costs, efficacy and ... (Ainsworth and Dayton 2001; Barnett and Blaikie 1992; Vanlandingham et al 2000, WHO (World Health Organization) 2001) In a study of Tanzania, Ainsworth and Dayton (2001) found a short-term impact on...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 13:20

... testing capacity in appendix The ratio of the maximum capacity to the average capacity available is about 2.5 Again, this indicates that the average capacity is a good indicator for the available testing ... large lab) The size of the small labs might be related to comparative advantage E.g the price advantages of the small labs might be due to advantages of specialization Small labs generally offer ... test packages based on 282 substances p .a EU capacity (excl an EU capacity and import share of 53%) Switzerland 77 98 11 14 1 Table 4: Estimation of the annual overall testing capacity according...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 05:22

... inquiring about this realm of activity have not been standardized or validated, and this study did not use measures that had been evaluated or validated in other research and, thus, may be flawed by as ... American Medical Association, 285(23), 3011-3014 National Public Radio & The Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation (2000) National survey of American adults on technology and national survey of American ... non-Hispanic White (73%) with 10% Black or African American and 8% from other races including American Indian, Alaska Native, Asian, and Hispanic White Twenty percent of youth lived in a single-parent...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 19:20

Ngày tải lên: 04/06/2014, 00:29

... delivery of health care, financial management, organizational management, and legal and ethical considerations [7] In a survey of American medical directors, competencies related specifically to health ... design and delivery of appropriate and relevant programs aimed at enhancing management and leadership capacity in the health sector in South Africa Methods Data for this study come from a survey of ... that variable This allows one to treat the data as interval data measuring a latent variable, to which parametric statistical tests can be applied Reliability of scales was estimated by assessing...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 17:20

... A survey of American neurologists about brain death: understanding the conceptual basis and diagnostic tests for brain death Ari R Joffe*1,2, Natalie R Anton1, Jonathan P Duff1 and Allan deCaen1 ... ari.joffe@albertahealthservices.ca NRA: Natalie.anton@albertahealthservices.ca JPD: Jon.duff@albertahealthservices.ca AdC: allan.decaen@albertahealthservices.ca Abstract Background: Neurologists often ... is because it is a standard: an accepted medical standard (46, 24%; 18–30%), an accepted legal standard (24, 13%; 8–18%), and/ or “the diagnosis of brain death was taught to me during my training”...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 19:20

... STAh and STAd , respectively 3.2.1 Data Plane Before the transmission of a packet, station STAs should access all the rate information in a cooperation table, and compare a rough estimation of ... that is used in the particular WLAN [25] Although the described mechanism takes advantage of the rate adaptation capability of the network, it is independent of the particular rate adaptation algorithm ... In the MAC layer WARP provides a framework called WARPMAC and WARPHY which is used for the development of advanced MAC protocols WARPMAC and WARPPHY are a set of functions that provide MAC-type...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 20:20

... treatability of childhood autism and sociodemographic variables of the healthcare workers Sociodemographic variables Level of association (p value) Age groups (years) Gender Marital status Area ... communication and language development and contains one question Domain assesses areas of obsessive and compulsive patterns of behavior found in children with ASD and contains four questions Domain addresses ... treatability and preventability of childhood autism A significant association was found between the opinions of healthcare workers on explanation of the etiology and treatability of childhood autism,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 23:21

... research is reliable and of high quality? Staff have critical appraisal skills for evaluating the quality of research (24%) (24%) Staff have critical appraisal skills for evaluating the reliability ... MGW, and JB each receive a salary from the Ontario HIV Treatment Network JNL receives salary support as Canadian Research Chair of Knowledge Transfer and Exchange We would also like to thank Tarik ... baseline assessment of CBO capacity to acquire, assess, adapt, and apply research, which can be used for identifying areas for future capacity-building strategies In Table Capacity to acquire research...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:23

... investigate these hypotheses an international survey was conducted among intensivists and other specialists involved in the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis Materials and methods In an international ... idea that definitions of sepsis should be reviewed and that education is required, for both physicians and the public, for a better standardisation of clinicians' definition and diagnosis of ... suggested that the presence of intensive care physician staffing is associated with a decreased length of ICU stay and with decreased costs, complications and mortality However, it remained relatively...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:20

... for an examination based on a law from 1939 [3] "Heilpraktiker" thus can perform manipulation without having proof of any type of education American chiropractors have taken advantage of this lack ... Chiropractic in Davenport, Iowa, USA Respondents had been practicing an average of 10.5 years, and an average of eight years in Germany Most chiropractors practiced in cities rather than rural areas ... with a mean patient load of 89 patients per week, and an average of 60% female patients (Table 1) No demographic data are available for non-respondents When asked "Please list the chiropractic...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 14:20