... general conditional models.) One
of the advantages of the semi- supervised learning
approach that we use is that it is simpler and more
general than that of Ando and Zhang (2005) and
Suzuki and ... improve generalization accuracy.
Semi- supervised models such as Ando and Zhang
(2005), Suzuki and Isozaki (2008), and Suzuki
et al. (2009) achieve state-of-the-art accuracy.
However, these approaches ... 2010.
c
2010 Association for Computational Linguistics
Word representations:
A simpleandgeneralmethodfor semi- supervised learning
Joseph Turian
D
´
epartement d’Informatique et
Recherche Op
´
erationnelle...
... approaches to semi- supervisedlearning are
applied to cases in which there is a small amount of
fully labeled data anda much larger amount of un-
labeled data, presumably from the same data source.
For ... Smith and J. Eisner. 2005. Contrastive estimation:
Training log-linear models on unlabeled data. In ACL.
Martin Szummer and Tommi Jaakkola. 2002. Partially
labeled classification with markov random ... context are labeled for
the purpose of deriving a conditional probability distribu-
tion of labels given a particular feature.
methods (Zhu and Ghahramani, 2002; Szummer and
Jaakkola, 2002) have all...
... answer-ranking
task of QA. We create a graph for labeled
and unlabeled data using match-scores of
textual entailment features as similarity
weights between data points. We apply
a summarization method ... (Huang et al., 2008), information retrieval
(Clarke et al., 2006), information extraction (Sag-
gion and Gaizauskas, 2006), textual entailment
(TE) (Harabagiu and Hickl, 2006) for ranking, an-
swer ... and some information about it.
2.2 Features from Paired Sentence Analysis
We extract the TE features based on the above lex-
ical, syntactic and semantic analysis of q /a pairs
and cast the QA...
... recall
measures for evaluating parse accuracy do not mea-
sure the accuracy of empty node and antecedent re-
covery, but there is a fairly straightforward extension
of them that can evaluate ... knowledge than
the pattern-matching algorithm described here. This
algorithm is both simpleand general, and can serve
as a benchmark against which more complex ap-
proaches can be evaluated.
NP
NP
DT
the
NN
man
SBAR
S
NP
NNP
Sam
VP
VBZ ... terminal (i.e., the word) and its preterminal label.
Auxiliary verbs such as is and being are relabelled as
either a AUX or AUXG respectively. The relabelling
of auxiliary verbs was performed primarily...
... have built-in Java support via something known as the Java Virtual
Machine (JVM), and there are several standard <object> and non-standard <applet> tags that are used to
add Java ... The advantage are that the download time is faster than Java, and also you don't have
to worry about integrating different languages into the page, as Curl is capable of providing the same ... CGI receives and transmits data means that the data is not easily
manipulated by many programming languages, so you need one with good facilities for manipulating text and
communicating with...
... Tools, andGeneral Guidance for Public Speaking, Page 4
What does it mean to speak from the heart?
•
You speak because of a call , grounded in faith and mercy and grace;
•
You speak because ... Tools, andGeneral Guidance for Public Speaking, Page 19
HANDLING QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Anticipate questions and plan answers.
2. Repeat or rephrase each question before answering ... message, and not yourself and your anxiety.
E. Take a deep breath, pause, and establish eye contact before starting.
4. Act confident, even if you don’t feel that way.
A. Never start by apologizing...
... the Fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina, 148
The posterior abdominal wall, 149
◊◊The suprarenal glands, 151
◊◊Abdominal aorta, 151
◊◊Inferior vena cava, 153
◊◊Lumbar sympathetic chain, 153
Part ... features
Radiology
Since it contains air, the trachea is more radio-translucent than the neigh-
bouring structures and is seen in posteroanterior and lateral radiographs as
a dark area passing downwards, ... fascia covering psoas major and the lateral of fascia overly-
ing quadratus lumborum. The fibrous medial borders of the two crura form
a median arcuate ligament over the front of the aorta.
2◊◊Acostal...
...
disease. Accordingly, the omega fats, which are polyunsaturated fatty
acids (PUFAs) called docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapen-
taenoic acid (EPA), are now accepted generally as a new and ... vita-
mins associated with fat, such as vitamins Aand E, are particularly
dependent on vitamin C for protection against oxygen free radicals that
may damage DNA and cell structure.
Vitamin ...
deter:
Cardiovascular diseases
▶
In ammation and pain
▶
Several types of cancer
▶
Microbial, fungal, parasitic, and viral infections
▶
Metabolic syndrome, obesity, and diabetes
▶
Gastrointestinal and...