a semanticheaddriven generation algorithm

... eat(john, X) 'John ate' ea~: (j olin, banana) 'John ate a banana' eat(john, nice(yellow(banana))) 'John ate a nice yellow banana' The generator of Section ... Carl Pollard. 1988. Categorial grammar and phrase structure grammar: an excursion on the syntax-semantics frontier. In R. Oehrle, E. Bach, and D. Wheeler, editors, Categorial Grammars and ... generalized that work allowing for its use in both a parsing and generation mode merely by setting the values of a small number of parameters. As a method for generating natural-language expressions,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 20:20

... 1: EAA's and SHDGA's Traversals of An Analysis Tree. 3. GENERALITY-WISE SUPERIORITY OF EAA OVER SHDGA The traversals by SHDGA and EAA as marked on the graph are stas. This means ... paper we discussed several aspects of two natu- ral language generation algorithms: SHDGA and EAA. Both algorithms operate under the same general set of conditions, that is, given a grammar, ... EAA's and SHDGA's STAS Traversals of Who Question's Analysis Tree. 84 and obj are expanded (in any order), Num, and Pers for aux_verb are bound, and finally aux_verb is ready,...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 06:20

... are energyminimizationalgorithms(Schusteretal., 1997).Whilenotasaccurateascomparative sequence analysis, these algorithms have still pro- ven to be useful research tools. Thermodynamic parameters are available ... characterized bytheTurnergroup(Freieretal.,1986).Dangling bases can also appear inside multiloop diagrams. Notice also that the coaxial diagram in equation (11) really corresponds with four new diagrams because once we allow pairing, dangling bases also ... calculate the gap matrices. For a given gap matrix, we have to con- sider all the different ways that its diagram can be assembled using one or two matrices at a time. (Again, Feynman diagrams...

Ngày tải lên: 12/01/2014, 22:07

... date have been intractable. In this pa- per, we describe an alternative generation compo- nent which has polynomial time complexity. Shake-and-Bake translation assumes a source grammar, a ... ap- plication determines the orthography of the mother. Whitelock's Shake-and-Bake generation algorithm attempts to arrange the bag of target signs until a grammatical ordering (an ordering ... linguistic advantages of transfer (Arnold et al., 1988; Allegranza et al., 1991) and interlingual (Nirenburg et al., 1992; Dorr, 1993) ap- proaches. Unfortunately, the generation algorithms...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 22:20

... Los Alamos National Laboratory, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and the Department of Energy Headquarters are all active collaborators ... Director RICHARD CAMPBELL, Program Officer ALAN CRANE, Program Officer MARTIN OFFUTT, Program Officer SUSANNA CLARENDON, Financial Associate PANOLA GOLSON, Project Assistant ANA-MARIA IGNAT, Project Assistant SHANNA ... national laboratories, and a few universities. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 15:20

... different approaches to sentence ranking: A simple paragraph-based approach intended as a baseline, two word-based approaches, and two coherence-based approaches. In the paragraph-based approach, ... sentence ranking 2.1 Paragraph-based approach Sentences at the beginning of a paragraph are usually more important than sentences that are further down in a paragraph, due in part to the way people ... number importance ranking NoParagraph WithParagraph Figure 6. Human ranking results for one text (wsj_1306). that there was a coherence tree annotation available in Carlson et al. (2002)’s database....

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 06:20

... Moldova, Tajikistan Ukraine, Serbia, Georgia, Armenia, Belarus, Croatia, Albania, Republic of Moldova, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Kyrgyzstan ... notably Australia, Canada and the United States, attracted FDI in oil and gas, particularly for unconventional fossil fuels, and in minerals such as coal, copper and iron ore. Financial institutions ... 2005–2011 (Billions of dollars) Fig. FID ows - South Asia (Host) (Home) Sri Lanka Bangladesh Pakistan Iran, Islamic Republic of India India Bangladesh Sri Lanka Pakistan Iran, Islamic Republic of 0...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 12:20

... natural language ap- plications – Machine Translation, Summarization, Question Answering – are text-to-text applications. That is, they produce textual outputs from inputs that are also textual. ... IDL-graph, and W( ) its wFSA under an n-gram language model LM. Algorithms IDL-NGLM-BFS and IDL-NGLM -A find the 1 Actually, these are multisets, as we treat multiply-occurring labels as separate ... 1st International Natural Language Generation Conference. Regina Barzilay. 2003. Information Fusion for Multi- document Summarization: Paraphrasing and Genera- tion. Ph.D. thesis, Columbia University. Peter...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 03:20

... based on small scale functionally-motivated units. 3 OASYS OASYS (Objects and Arrows SYStem) is a soft- ware library which provides: an implementation of the RAGS Object and Arrows (O /A) data ... T. Tokunaga, and H. Tanaka. 1992. Text re- vision: A model and its implementation. In R. Dale, E. Hovy, D. Rosner, and O. Stock, editors, Aspects of Au- tomated Natural Language Generation, number ... typed ‘arrows’. This lingua franca allows NLG modules to manipulate data flexibly and consistently. It also facilitates modular design of NLG systems, and reusability of modules and data sets....

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 04:20

... "stack search" similar to A* methods. One of the primary obstacles to making the statis- tical translation approach practical is slow speed of translation, as performed in A* fashion. ... search for statistical machine transla- tion. In PACLIC-IO, Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation, pages 195-204, Hong Kong, December. Wu, Dekai and Xuanyin Xia. ... I can confirm now that the necessary funds will be made available to meet the key targets. Figure 4: Example translation outputs. translation accuracy was performed on a random sample drawn...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 06:20

... Linear Text Segmentation using a Dynamic Programming Algorithm Athanasios Kehagias Dept. of Math., Phys. and Comp. Sciences Aristotle Univ of Thessaloniki GREECE kehagias@egnatia.ee.auth.gr Fragkou ... (Heinonen, 1998) and Utiyama and Isahara (Utiyama and Isa- hara, 2001). Finally, other researchers use probabilistic ap- proaches to text segmentation including the use of hidden Markov models (Yamron et al., 1999), ... following Halliday and Hasan's theory (Halliday and Hasan, 1976), utilize statistical similarity measures such as word cooccurrence. For example the linear discourse segmentation algorithm proposed...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 20:20

... of a Balas solution v (cf. Section 6); no extensional modelling is necessary. Although our special-purpose Balas adaptation no longer constitutes a general framework that can be fed with each and ... complex. 6 A Variant of the Balas Algorithm Our algorithm proceeds as follows: we generate the first consistent solution according to the Balas algorithm (Balas-First, henceforth). The result is a vector ... memory-based learner TiMBL (Daelemans et al., 2004) is used as a (pairwise) classifier. TiMBL stores all training examples, learns fea- ture weights and classifies test instances accord- ing to the majority...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 20:20

... Zerubavel. My students, especially Michael Armato, Stephanie Byrd, Sarah Damaske, Adam Green, Pamela Kaufman, Allen Li, and Louise Roth, also offered valued feed- back. Over the years they have ... especially grateful to Rosalind Barnett, Cynthia Epstein, Jennifer Glass, Sydney Halpern, Lynne Haney, Sharon Hays, Rosanna Hertz, Jerry A. Jacobs, Pamela Stone, Viviana Zelizer, and Eviatar Zerubavel. ... that made a big difference. A mother’s work also seemed unproblematic when at least one parent had a fl exible work arrangement and a child had access to good child care. As a fi refi ghter, Daniel’s...

Ngày tải lên: 10/06/2014, 21:30

... recently. For example, by Rockafel- lar [4], Tseng [5], Xia and Huang [6] and the special case (f = 0) was studied by Crou- zeix [7], Danniilidis and Hadjisavvas [8] and Yao [9]. A large variety of ... fuquanxia@sina. com 1 Department of Mathematics, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, P. R. China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Abstract In this paper, a projective ... 2011:27 http://www.journalofinequalitiesandapplications.com/content/2011/1/27 Page 4 of 14 RESEARC H Open Access A projective splitting algorithm for solving generalized mixed variational inequalities Fu-quan Xia 1* and Yun-zhi Zou 2 * Correspondence: fuquanxia@sina. com 1 Department...

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