a review of theory and research

... thematic areas for clarity and appropriateness of thematic research priorities (Task 3a) ; balance among substantive research areas as well as among research activities such as observations, modeling, ... clarity and appropriateness of the thematic research priorities; the balance among substantive research areas as well as research activities such as observations, modeling, and communication of ... National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration] OCEAN, COASTAL, AND MARINE EDUCATION CAN: • Enhance public awareness of the ocean and increase scientific literacy • Ensure that present and future...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 06:20

... 40-50% of trabecular mass by 90 years of age [58] This results in a decline in the loadbearing capacity of the vertebral body For example, load bearing capacity in a lumbar vertebra can decrease from ... end plate The disc facilitates intersegmental movement while maintaining alignment of the vertebral column and has a primary role in attenuating and dispersing axial load With aging, the water ... osteoporosis and are associated with back pain, functional disability, reduced health-related quality of life and increased mortality These associations become more significant with increasing numbers of...

Ngày tải lên: 03/11/2012, 09:49

... Washback indicates “an intended or unintended (accidental) direction and function of curriculum change on aspects of teaching and learning by means of a change of public examinations” Similar ... effect of teaching and learning Types of Washback Generally, washback can be analysed according to two major types: positive and negative, depending on whether it has a beneficial or harmful impact ... Tests are used as a “lever” for change To present a clear view of positive and negative washback at both micro-level (classroom settings) and at macro-level (educational and societal system), Tables...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 12:20

... by Cancer Research UK and the Department of Health, England was carried out by researchers from a number of institutions in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Norway and the UK that were the focus of ... Public health and social wellbeing is at the heart of health and social care The 12 Review team is aware that there is a separate piece of work being undertaken by the Department of Health Social Services ... population in England.28 Appleby29 stated that indicative data suggests Northern Ireland produces between 17% and 30% less inpatient, outpatient, day case and A& E activity per head of hospital and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 04:20

... recent past, the understanding of central bank transparency and communication has changed dramatically As it became increasingly clear that managing expectations is a central part of monetary policy, ... communications In fact, the Fed is more of a laggard than a leader in this regard The Reserve Bank of New Zealand and the Bank of England were early and enthusiastic converts to greater transparency, ... De Haan, Jakob, Fabian Amtenbrink, and Sandra Waller 2004 “The Transparency and Credibility of the European Central Bank.” Journal of Common Market Studies, 42(4): 775-94 Demiralp, Selma, and...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 10:20

... in particular countries in sub-Saharan Africa, as well as in the Caribbean and Pacific islands, Central America or Caucasus and Central Asian countries The transaction costs for international ... Poland, Slovak Republic and Turkey), Arab countries (Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates) and other donors (Israel and others) China and India also provide aid, but the numbers are ... internationally 45 The members of the DAC are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Ireland, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway,...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 19:20

... Bank of New Zealand He has a PhD in economics from the University of California, Santa Barbara, and a BA in economics from Claremont McKenna College RETIREMENT AND INVESTOR RESEARCH » Sarah Holden, ... ICI Research Department consists of 41 staff members, including economists, research assistants, policy analysts, and data assistants This staff collected and disseminated data for all types of ... percent of stock fund share classes made a capital gain distribution, and half of these share classes distributed at least percent of their assets as capital gains FIGURE 2.5 CAPITAL GAIN DISTRIBUTIONS*...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 08:21

... Americans because it replaces a large share of annual labor income for many low- to moderate-income families At the same time, the creation of IRAs in the 1970s and the expansion of 401(k)s and ... conducting and overseeing research on the flows, assets, and fees of mutual funds, as well as a major research initiative to better understand the costs and benefits of laws and regulations governing ... University of California, Santa Barbara, and a BA in economics from Claremont McKenna College Retirement and Investor Research Sarah Holden, Senior Director of Retirement and Investor Research, leads the...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 11:20

... control; transportation planning, road construction and maintenance; and land use In the case of many of these important functions, agency roles and responsibilities are fragmented, overlapping, and ... technologies, highway capacity, and transport system management have an important role in addressing air pollution and other transport impacts, but can involve considerable financial and administrative resources ... increased rapidly in cities of Pakistan, because of inadequate road infrastructure, modal separation, transport system management and traffic control In Karachi, for example, the average speed...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 21:20

... erythematosus syndrome [6] 71 Arthritis Research & Therapy Vol No Costedoat-Chalumeau et al Morphological heart abnormalities and anti-SSA/Ro antibodies Cardiac malformations Classically, autoantibody-mediated ... 13:760 Cimaz R, Meroni PL, Brucato A, Fesstova VV, Panzeri P, Goulene K, Stramba-Badiale M: Concomitant disappearance of electrocardiographic abnormalities and of acquired maternal autoantibodies ... late-onset cardiomyopathy and endocardial fibroelastosis Other possible manifestations such as sinus bradycardia or QTc interval prolongation are currently a matter of debate Cardiac malformations...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:22

... medial malleolus (M) and tendo Achilles (TA) Small arrow indicates rounded TP tendon proximally and large arrow indicates the flattened area of tendon in retromalleolar region as a result of the ... Journal of Foot and Ankle Research 2009, 2:24 Figure Audit of placement of intramuscular electrode Audit of placement of intramuscular electrode Gross anatomy of dissected limb with intramuscular ... JW and DET critically revised the manuscript All authors read and approved the final manuscript Additional material Additional file Posterior approach A video demonstration of the posterior approach...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 21:23

... 21 Acknowledgements This work was supported by research grants from the China National Key Research Program (2007BAI07B01) awarded to JL and from the US National Institutes of Health (5R21DA023893-02) ... commercial availability and accessibility of needles in combination with health education about safe injecting practice, a concept approved by the Ministries of Health and Pubic Security because it ... Police often apply military management approaches to treat drug users while they are in incarceration sites The majority of treated drug users relapse and not change their HIV risk behaviors after...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 18:20

... journal online rather than the print version; • finding faster ways to publish research; • clinical scenarios; and • paediatric journal club critiques Finally, we, the editorial team at Critical ... Care, thank all of our readers, authors, referees and Editorial Board members for their continued support There are a number of referees who have reviewed several articles for us over the past ... Kellum JA, Mehta RL, Palevsky P, the ADQI workgroup: Acute renal failure: definition, outcome measures, animal models, fluid therapy and information technology needs – the Second International Consensus...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:21

... would change if the input parameters are changed and it is purely numerical Spadaro and Rabl [65] As an alternative to Monte Carlo approach, a simple and transparent alternative- estimating the ... prematurely Average annual wages are often used to estimate the annual productivity of an average healthy person of working age Annual productivity losses are adjusted downward to obtain "net annual ... contingent valuation approach Whereas the cost of the criteria pollutants was estimated on the basis of human epidemiological studies and ambient air-quality data, the cost of toxic air pollutants was...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:22

... was a collaborating member of the Institute of Health and Society and was mentored by Professor Carl May DJ is now working as a translational scientist in child and family at the NIHR National ... article as: James: The applicability of normalisation process theory to speech and language therapy: a review of qualitative research on a speech and language intervention Implementation Science ... delay/disorder: A meta-analysis Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research 2004, 47:924-943 18 Lewison G, Carding P: Evaluating UK research in speech and language therapy Int J Lang Comm Dis...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 11:20

... and editorial tasks The panel also appreciates the assistance of Jon Herrmann and Alan Hais, EPA Office of Research and Development and Hiba Shukairy and Grace Robiou, EPA Office of Water who were ... Action Plan also includes a description of the plan’s implementation Although the Action Plan consists of a large array of drinking water and wastewater research and technical support needs and ... (3.6 .a) • Databases - Development of a list of contaminants and threat scenarios (3.2 .a) - Development of a database of important information on the contaminants (3.2.b) - Development of a surrogate/simulants...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 15:20

... patients are in a stressful environment where there is a power imbalance, educational imbalance, and where they are fearful of appearing stupid and fearful of rejection or abandonment As a result, ... Subjects were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups and asked to read a medicine label and an accompanying patient information leaflet The experimental group’s label and leaflet included ... [6] and Carney and Levin [25] in making generalizations that relate to the needs of health educators All of these reviews agree that the weight of evidence indicates that pictures can facilitate...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 21:20

... Foundation: Altamonte Springs, FL, 97129 Arena, M., M Arnaboldi and G Azzone 2006 Internal audit in Italian organizations Managerial Auditing Journal 21 (3): 275-292 Bailey, A. D., A. A Gramling and ... Australia and Nava Subramaniam Faculty of Business and Law Deakin University, Victoria, Australia ABSTRACT: This paper reviews the recent European and international literature on i nternal audit independence ... internal audit activities; and (v) internal audit as a management training ground For As previously noted, for a detailed review of external auditors’ evaluation of and reliance on the work of internal...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 23:20

... accounting anomalies and fundamental analysis This citation analysis lets the “academic research market speak” on which research papers on accounting anomalies and fundamental analysis have attracted ... identify candidate working papers and published papers related that to financial market anomalies and fundamental analysis.5,6 We then scan the titles and abstracts of the candidate papers to ... *Manuscript Accounting Anomalies and Fundamental Analysis: A Review of Recent Research Advances September 2009 Abstract: This paper surveys recent research advances in the areas of accounting anomalies...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 03:20

... be compared to spectral subtraction Evaluation database As test material we took the resource management (RM) database (available from LDC [34]) These data are considered as clean data, to which ... singular value of Σ The enhanced signal s(k) is recovered by averaging along the antidiagonals of Hs Dologlou and Carayannis [17], and later on Hansen and Jensen [18] proved that this overall ... spectral subtraction Singular value adaptation In the singular value adaptation (SVA) method [5], the p dominant singular values of Hx are mapped onto the original (clean) singular values of Hs by...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20