a review of microbial fuel cells

... 0.8 Acid mine Drainage 0.6 Acetate 0.4 Domestic ww NA Acetate 0.8 Acetate NA Acetate NA Industrial ww NA Acetate 0.6 Acetate 0.8 Brewery ww 0.65 Molasses 0.55 Acetate 0.8 Acetate NA Acetate 0.85 ... achieved after 2.5 h, an increase by 180% as compared to a negative control (tap water of pH 7.6) In a comparable test, also in batch mode but at a cathodic pH of 1, Erable et al (2009) found an increase ... the cathode became an open-air cathode Under steady state Please cite this article in press as: Lefebvre, O., et al Full-loop operation and cathodic acidification of a microbial fuel cell operated...

Ngày tải lên: 13/10/2015, 15:55

... internal resistance is equal to the external resistance (Logan et al., 2006) 2.3 Analytical methods and calculations The cell voltage was measured with a multimeter connected to a computer by a data ... data acquisition system (M350 0A, Array Electronic, Taiwan) Polarization curves were obtained by varying the applied external resistance at a time interval of 30 s and recording the pseudo steady-state ... nature of PTFE that prevented proton transfer Finally, Biomax also failed at generating significant power and a possible cause could be the relatively large pores of this ultra-filtration membrane...

Ngày tải lên: 13/10/2015, 15:56

... reaction rate a precious metal-catalyst such as platinum is used Literature review Page 2.2 Characterization of Microbial Fuel Cells As displayed in Figure 2.2, a fuel cell can be modeled by an ... conventional fuel cells, microbial ones consist of an anode, a cathode, a proton or cation exchange membrane and an electrical circuit Their fundamental difference is that bacteria present at the anode ... interest 1.3 Microbial Fuel Cells A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an anaerobic process whereby bacteria grow in the absence of oxygen in a chamber containing an anode and form a biofilm that covers...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 15:39

... The material parameters, cell design, and cell operating conditions that give optimal performance depend on the application area Stationary, portable, and transportation applications all have ... the base case operating conditions are taken from reference [2] and are listed in Table Table Geometrical and operational parameters for base case conditions Parameter Channel length Channel ... power at various operating conditions is compared at constant nominal current density The performance characteristics of the fuel cell based on a certain parameter can be obtained by varying that...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:58

... 40-50% of trabecular mass by 90 years of age [58] This results in a decline in the loadbearing capacity of the vertebral body For example, load bearing capacity in a lumbar vertebra can decrease from ... confirmed that spinal intersegmental movement of 2° or more is associated with the development of local microtrauma [29] Instability of the trunk may lead to a biomechanical overload of already weakened ... Diagram of the systems approach that may be applied to explain the multifactorial aetiology underlying osteoporotic vertebral fracture Bone, macroscopic, local and global factors may interact...

Ngày tải lên: 03/11/2012, 09:49

... Transactions International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing International Journal of Human Factors in Manufacturing Internationa Journal of Operations and Production Management International ... Table Summary of journals on agile manufacturing Agile manufacturin g research Agile manufacturing as a new strategy is captivating the attention of researchers A growing amount of research has ... developed and completed by best practitioners of manufacturing Katayama and Bennett (1999) Japan Analysis based on survey data of how major Japanese companies are changing their strategies Survey administered...

Ngày tải lên: 23/11/2013, 10:01

... especially for older drivers Casualty crash analyses, even those encompassing casualties of all severity, have a sampling bias: the so-called ‘frailty bias’, which exaggerates any apparent age-related ... rates based on US Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data for 1997, National Highway Transport Safety Administration (NHTSA) (see Table 1.) Table 1: Number of driver fatalities and fatality ... Newstead and O’Hare (2003) As noted by these authors: “… it may not be entirely accurate to label such behavioural adaptations as ‘compensation’ While these changes may reflect a behavioural adaptation...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 18:20

... Predicting bank performance with financial forecasts: A case of Taiwan commercial banks Journal of Banking and Finance, 28, 2353—2368 Karels, G V — Prakash, A J (1987) Multivariate normality and forecasting ... stochastic DEA Kao and Liu (2004) formulate a DEA model of interval data for use in evaluating the performance of banks Their study makes advance predictions of the performance of 24 Taiwan banks ... 9—33 Canbas, S — Cabuk, A — Kilic, S B (2005) Prediction of commercial bank failure via multivariate statistical analysis of financial structures: the Turkish case European Journal of Operational...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 06:20

... thematic areas for clarity and appropriateness of thematic research priorities (Task 3a) ; balance among substantive research areas as well as among research activities such as observations, modeling, ... Graduate Fellow JODI BOSTROM, Research Associate NANCY CAPUTO, Research Associate SARAH CAPOTE, Senior Program Assistant iv OCEAN STUDIES BOARD SHIRLEY A POMPONI (Chair), Harbor Branch Oceanographic ... clarity and appropriateness of the thematic research priorities; the balance among substantive research areas as well as research activities such as observations, modeling, and communication of...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 06:20

... SATS concept and build acceptance by FAA, the broader GA community, and state and local transportation of cials NASA’s General Aviation Program Of ce devised a “General Aviation Road Map” laying ... developing and integrating features and capabilities that make small aircraft safer, more affordable, and easier to operate In particular, NASA envisioned flights of advanced, self-piloted small aircraft ... affordable advanced technologies, but also the development of a whole new generation of small aircraft that are less expensive to manufacture, maintain, and fly than are small aircraft today AGATE...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 06:20

... (in Japanese) IPCS (1989) Environmental Health Criteria 89 Formaldehyde, World Health Organization, Geneva Takeda, M., Saijo, Y., Yuasa, M., Kanazawa, A. , Araki, A and Kishi, R (2009) Relationship ... Indoor Air Quality Indoor Environ., 1, 27–34 (in Japanese) 126) Kishi, R., Saijo, Y., Kanazawa, A. , Tanaka, M., Yoshimura, T., Chikara, H., Takigawa, T., Morimoto, K., Nakayama, K and Shibata, E (2009) ... Environmental Health Criteria 186 Ethylbenzene, World Health Organization, Geneva 84) Saijo, Y., Kishi, Y., Sata, F., Katakura, Y., Urashima, Y., Hatakeyama, A. , Kobayashi, S., Jin, K., Kurahashi,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 22:20

... that the trade-offs or - 31 relationships between AFQT and years of experience or additional training are linear Rather, the authors note that although the magnitude of the trade-off may vary, ... Table 2.2 Number of Flights and Marginal Products of Yearof-Service Groups .8 Table 2.3 Mission Capable Rate and Marginal Products of Pay Grade Groups Table 2.4 Mission Capable Rate ... more faults falls drastically as average AFQT score fell Another important observation is that the effect of AFQT is additive, meaning that each additional high-scoring team member increases the...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 22:20

... programs Product placements – such as a character drinking a soda or offering it to another character, a can or bottle appearing on a table, or a brand name mentioned in dialogue – occurred in a ... meals, breakfast cereals, candy, snacks, and beverages, as well as fruits and vegetables and dairy products, and the campaigns generally were integrated across promotional formats The focus of ... snacks, and breakfast cereals Animated characters from Cartoon Network programming appeared on labels and packaging for QSR children’s meals, fruit snacks, snack crackers, yogurt, macaroni and cheese,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 07:20

... associated with the increased activity of carbonic anhydrase, improving the quality of egg shell and the presence of manganese has an activator influence on the calcification and resistance of ... www.arpnjournal.com Arias, J.L., D .A Carrino, M.S Fernandez, J.E Rodrigues, J.E Denis and A. I Capln, 1992 Partial biochemical and immunological characterization of avian eggshell extracellular matrices Arch ... Posstlethwaite, A. E, J.M Seyer and A. H Kang, 1978 Chemotactic attraction of human fibroblasts to type I, II and III collagen and collagen derived peptides Proc Natl Acad Sci USA., 75: 871-875 Romanoff,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 01:20

... somewhat more mandatory to enable aggregation of results to the agency level The menu approach holds out the advantage of creating potentially comparable performance data that may facilitate aggregating ... very appropriate as an indicator of change, although it may provide a wealth of useful information about performance But qualitative information often can be translated into numerical indicators ... evaluation, etc Results based management at different organizational levels Performance measurement, and results based management more generally, takes place at different organizational or management...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 11:20

... defense of the neonate and the intestinal flora Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica 351(Suppl.):122–125 Pisacane A, Graziano L, Zona G, Dolezalova H, Cafiero M, Coppola A, Scarpellino B, Ummarino M, Mazzarella ... Nagata I, Shiraki K, Tanimoto K, Harada Y, Tanaka Y, Okada T 1992 Mother-to-infant transmission of Hepatitis C virus Journal of Pediatrics 120:432–434 78 Ogasawara S, Kage M, Kosai K, Shimamatsu ... 31 MacMahon B, Lin TM, Lowe CR, Mirra AP, Ravnihar B, Salber EJ, Trichopoulos D, Valaoras VG, Yuasa S 1970 Lactation and cancer of the breast: A summary of an international study Bulletin of the...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 10:20

... Washback indicates “an intended or unintended (accidental) direction and function of curriculum change on aspects of teaching and learning by means of a change of public examinations” Similar ... effect of teaching and learning Types of Washback Generally, washback can be analysed according to two major types: positive and negative, depending on whether it has a beneficial or harmful impact ... goals of teaching and learning, such as the introduction of new textbooks and new curricula Table Summary of Negative washback Classroom settings Educational/societal system Negative Washback...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 12:20

... is a key factor, as a data storage or a data processing unit can be replaced by a miniature transmitter However data forwarding wearables, which typically use RF, Bluetooth, or WLAN, are range-limited, ... complex analysis of mobility data on a local PC They are typically smaller than their data logging and data processing counterparts, as they use a miniature transmission module instead of storage ... lightest wearable option, are suited to the frail and housebound as they analyze the data in real-time and can raise immediate alerts Data-logging wearables are suitable for monitoring multi-parameter,...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 21:20

... paper and wood pulp.29 Any one of several types of particles and rays given off by radioactive material, high-voltage equipment, nuclear reactions and stars Alpha and beta particles, X-rays and ... for blacks A black man has four times the risk of dying of nasopharynx cancer as a white woman Studies of occupational exposure to metals have documented increased risks of nasal and nasopharynx ... derivative of 2naphthylamine previously used in the treatment of polycythemia), as well as the manufacturing of auramine and magenta dye are well-established causes of bladder cancer, and one of the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 01:20