... presence or absence
of affiliations with medical schools.
The goal of Phase II was to conduct a quantitative analysis aimed at evaluating the
impact of a wide range of patient and facility characteristics ... from the Phase II analysis.
Our analytic approach closely resembles the approach that we took in the Phase II
analysis. The analysis was structured to yield clear, policy-relevant, practical conclusions ... each patient was as-
signed the average value for each characteristic (the “unadjusted average allocation”) with the
simulated allocation that occurs when a characteristic of interest (e.g., health...
... disease plays a key
role in inducing plasma leakage, shock and hemorrhagic manifestations.
Currently, there are no vaccines available against dengue virus, although
several tetravalent live-attenuated ... World Health Organization, updated February 2006.
Type of vaccine
Pharmaceutical
company or
research group
Status of
development
Live attenuated tetravalent vaccine Sanofi-Pasteur ⁄ Mahidol Phase ... mutant US Food and Drug Administration Preclinical
Tetravalent E-NS1 fusion protein subunit Hawaii Biotech Preclinical
DNA and recombinant
modified vaccinia Ankara
National Institute of Health...
... integrated into a phrase-
based decoder serving as additional distortion fea-
tures.
We evaluated our approach on large-scale
Japanese-English and English-Japanese machine
translation tasks, and ... ranking model is auto-
matically derived from word aligned parallel
data with a syntactic parser for source lan-
guage based on both lexical and syntactical
features. We evaluated our approach ... Quirk, Arul Menezes, and Colin Cherry. 2005. De-
pendency Treelet Translation: Syntactically Informed
Phrasal SMT. In Proc. ACL, pages 271-279.
A. Ramanathan, Pushpak Bhattacharyya, Jayprasad
Hegde,...
... effectiveness of a fea-
ture basedapproach with the use of a state-
of-the-art sequential learning technique that
has proven successful for tasks such as
“email act classification”. Our evaluation
demonstrates ... investigate the use of state-of-the-art se-
quential learning techniques that have proven suc-
cessful for email act classification in comparison
with a feature based approach. Our evaluation ... evaluated the feature basedapproach
across all three dimensions and demonstrate that
statistically significant improvements are achieved
on all dimensions by adding context oriented fea-
tures....
... is based on an axiomatic rather than a gen-
erative view of grammar, (ii) it uses a TAG-like
grammar in which the basic linguistic units are
trees rather than categories and (iii) it assumes a
flat ... a
Constraint -Based Approach
Claire Gardent
CNRS
LORIA, BP 239 Campus Scientifique
54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
claire.gardent@loria.fr
Stefan Thater
Computational Linguistics
Universit¨at des Saarlandes
Saarbr¨ucken, ... variable while a neutral node
variable is a variable that may not be identified
with any other node variable. Formally, polari-
ties are used to define the class of saturated mod-
els. A saturated...
... The Attack Planner enables the user to state plan goals,
launch the planner and view the attack plans generated. For
example, a user can state the goal “An external user with no
initial access ...
users a deep analysis of the state of their network, particu-
larly by demonstrating feasible attack plans that could be
launched against it. Widespread application of CycSecure
and adoption ... American Association for Artificial Intelli-
gence (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved. “Cyc” is registered
trademark, and “CycSecure” is a trademark, of Cycorp, Inc.
about what computers are...
... regarded as separate languages,
which are mutually intelligible, but occasionally dif-
fer in orthography/pronunciation and vocabulary:
Bahasa Malaysia (lit. ‘language of Malaysia’) and
Bahasa ... boleh menampung kelas seramai 30
pelajar, selain bekalan-bekalan lain seperti 500 khemah biasa, barang makanan dan ubat-ubatan untuk mangsa gempa Sichuan.
ref1: Mercy Relief has sent 17 special tents ... make
kereta api and keretapi in Bahasa Indonesia and
Bahasa Malaysia, respectively, both meaning
‘train’. As in English, Malay compounds are
written separately, but some stable ones like
kerjasama/‘collaboration’...
... available after realization has completed,
and thus all surface-oriented and morphological
features are available. Of course, we also assume
that all other features are still available at that
time, not ... previous section has presented a corpus-
based static analysis of factors affecting VPE. In
this section, we take a computational approach.
We would like to use a trainable module that
learns rules ... be-
ing no adjuncts at all. This information can
be annotated reliably at a satisfactory level
( ).
In-Quotes (qut): Is the antecedent and/or
the candidate within a quoted passage, and if
yes,...
... Hyderabad, India, January.
Gerald Gazdar. 1988. Applicability of indexed
grammars to natural languages. In U. Reyle and
C. Rohrer, editors, Natural Language Parsing and
Linguistic Theories, pages ... categorial grammar: An ap-
proach to gap resolution in analytic-language trans-
lation. In Proceedings of The Third International
Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing,
volume 1, pages ... with a memory mechanism. In the
memory mechanism, fillers and gaps are stored
as modalities that modalize a syntactic category.
The fillers and the gaps are then associated in the
coordination and...
...
more appropriate. Such an approach allows taking
into account in a flexible and natural way the
variety of knowledge sources and processing
activities that are involved in importance
evaluation. ... definition. A
procedural, knowledge -based approach comprising a
set of rules that can assign relative importance
values to the different parts of a text and can
resolve or explain conflicting evaluations ... paper we focus on the notion of
importance from a computational standpoint, and we
propose a procedural, rule -based approach to
importance evaluation. This novel approach is
supported by a...
... 691-698.
Kenji Sagae and Alon Lavie. 2006. Parser Combination
by Reparsing. In Proceedings of NAACL 2006, pages
129-132.
Yoshimasa Tsuruoka, Jun’ichi Tsujii, and Sophia Anani-
adou. 2009. Fast Full Parsing ... similarly as the standard shift-reduce parsing
algorithm. In the training phase, each target-style
parse tree in the training data is transformed into
a binary tree (Charniak et al., 1998) and then ... and
Marcu, 2006), and the method for annotation adap-
tation of word segmentation and POS tagging (Jiang
et al., 2009). As one of the most related works,
Jiang and Liu (2009) present a similar approach...
... two advantages. One,
sparse data problem can be addressed appropri-
ately because standard language corpus is used.
Two, the phonetic mapping models are as stable
as standard language. In chat ... Thus there is a social urgency to under-
stand online chat language text.
Chat language is anomalous and dynamic.
Many words in chat text are anomalous to natural
language. Chat text comprises ... in standard language as follows.
(
)
()
∑
×
×
=
i
iislc
slc
pm
AApsAfr
AApsAfr
AAob
),()(
),()(
),(Pr
(2)
In Equation (2)
}{
i
A is the character set in
which each element
i
A is similar...
... a head feature, it percolates up to
any phrase projected from that head, and allows the
PHON value of the lexical head to be accessed at
that projection; i.e., headed phrases will also bear a
specification ... Phonology: A
Constraint -Based Approach. Studies in Natural
Language Processing. Cambridge University Press.
Alan W. Black and Paul Taylor. 1997. The
festival speech synthesis system. Technical Report
TR-83, ... Place, Edinburgh EH8 9LW, UK
ewan@cogsci.ed.ac.uk
Abstract
The paper develops a constraint -based the-
ory of prosodic phrasing and prominence,
basedonanHPSGframework,withan
implementation in ALE....
... English validate the general
approach.
1 Introduction
Current research on natural language parsing
tends to gravitate toward one of two extremes:
robust, partial parsing with the goal of broad
data ... results
in a highly-efficient parsing architecture that is
realized as a cascade of finite-state transducers
and that pursues a leftmost longest-match pattern-
matching strategy at each level of analysis.
Despite ... The fragmentary and partially ill-
formed nature of such spoken data makes them
harder to analyze than written data such as the
Penn treebank typically used as gold standard.
It should also be...