a reference architecture for natural language generation systems

... of large, modular, natural language understanding (NLU) systems. Natural language understanding systems are composed of modules (such as part- of-speech taggers, parsers and semantic analyzers) ... search mechanism for a complex database. ã Provide graphical and contextual information for annotation. Annotation is a problem because it still takes a human. ETE offers flexible and easy ... ETE assists in the management and analysis of the thousands of complex data structures created during natural language processing of a large corpus using relational database technology in a...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 07:20

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 04:20

... new material may be added to planned text are defined on structural grounds. For example, notice that in paragraph 1I from Figure I the language- field is realized as as a compound adjectival ... legitimate ways that the surface structure might be extended: another adjective added to a certain noun phrase, a temporal adjunct added to a clause, another sentence add,~cl tO a paragraph, and ... dictated by the planner. 189 A Computational Theory of Prose Style for Natural Language Generation David D. McDonald and James D. Pnstejovsky Department of Computer and Information Science...

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 01:20

... template-based approach that has been taken in the system, enables the basic language generation algorithms application independent and language independent. At the final stage of language generation ... tech- nique can increase the communication rate of users during a conversation. 1 Introduction Natural Language Generation also known as ‘Automated Discourse Generation or simply ‘Text Generation , ... Generation , is a branch of computational linguistics, which deals with automatic genera- tion of text in natural human language by the machine. It can be conceptualized as a process leading from a high...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 04:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 19:21

... 565–572, Ann Arbor, June 2005. c 2005 Association for Computational Linguistics Instance-based Sentence Boundary Determination by Optimization for Natural Language Generation Shimei Pan and James C. Shaw IBM ... on their similarities to examples in a corpus. Third, our approach can adapt easily to suit a natural language gen- eration system’s capability by balancing the strengths and weaknesses of its ... above goals in a unified instance-based framework. 4 Instance-based boundary determination Instance-based generation automatically creates sentences that are similar to those generated by hu- mans,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 15:20

... questions about database structure (a feature lacking in most natural language database systems) , the same techniques and principles could be used in other application areas (for example, computer ... schemas, providing constraints on what can be said at any point. These mechanisms have been implemented as part of a generation method within the context of a natural language database system, ... considered for this system were among those shown to be needed in a natural language database system. Implementation of the TEXT system for natural language generation used a portion of...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 19:21

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 17:20

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 00:20

... issues for natural- language systems which serve as interfaces to a database: the problems that arise in a module which maps the meaning representation to a second logical language for expressing ... Shaked - for the many pleasant and productive interactions I have had with them. References [1] Bates, Madeleine and Bobrow, Robert J. A Transportable Natural Language Interface for Information ... [3] Codd,E.F. A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks. CACM 13(6), June, 1970. [4] Barbara Grosz, Douglas E. Appelt, Paul Martin, and Fernando Pereira. TEAM: An Experiment...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... 28:811840. Marilyn Walker, Amanda Stent, Francáois Mairesse, and Rashmi Prasad. 2007. Individual and domain adap- tation in sentence planning for dialogue. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research (JAIR), ... SEMdial. Alexander Koller and Ronald Petrick. 2008. Experi- ences with planning for natural language generation. In ICAPS. Alexander Koller and Matthew Stone. 2007. Sentence generation as planning. ... Sutton and A. Barto. 1998. Reinforcement Learn- ing. MIT Press. Marilyn A. Walker, Candace A. Kamm, and Diane J. Litman. 2000. Towards developing general mod- els of usability with PARADISE. Natural...

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Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... outlined above by introducing a very fundamental data structure called Initiative (Fig. 3). An initiative is a generalization of any form of action that has a defined start and end date and is unde rtaken ... rtaken to reach a goal. Therefore, an initiative may be a program, a project, a sub-project, a pro ject phase, a work package, an activity or a task (indicated by the inheritance relationship between ... 28 commercial project management software systems. RefMod PM has already been applied in several projects and is the basis of the forth- coming German DIN norm for a standardized project management data...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 07:20

... International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), pages 1063–1070, San Francisco, CA, USA. Marilyn A. Walker, Diane J. Litman, Candace A. Kamm, and Alicia Abella. 1997. PARADISE: A framework for ... have an average of 650 surface realisations, including syntactic and lexical variation, and deci- sions of granularity. We refer to the set of alterna- tive realisations of a semantic form as ... Heriberto Cuay´ahuitl. 2010. Hi- erarchical Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Text Generation. Proceeding of the 6th International Con- ference on Natural Language Generation (INLG). Nina Dethlefs,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... which are anaphoric. This layer contains all syntactic and semantic analysis components and all interaction with the surrounding sys- tem, such as access to a gender database or a lexicon for ... will ex- actly match the data available to a particular sys- tem's reference resolution component, so it may The authors thank James Allen for help on this project, as well as the anonymous ... in Natural Language Processing. Morgan Kaufmann. Mitchell P. Marcus, Beatrice Santorini, and Mary Ann Marcinkiewicz. 1993. Building a large annotated corpus of english: The Penn Treebank....

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 21:20

... http://spinroot.com/spin/whatispin.html. [2] N. Belaramani, M. Dahlin, L. Gao, A. Nayate, A. Venkataramani, P. Yalagandula, and J. Zheng. PRACTI replication. In Proc NSDI, May 2006. [3] N. Belaramani, J. Zheng, A. Nayate, ... part of a data plane and policies as part of a control plane. The data plane encapsulates a set of com- mon mechanisms that handle the details of storing and transmitting data and maintaining ... comprises an invalidation and a body. An invalidation indicates that an update of a particular object occurred at a particular instant in log- ical time. Invalidations aid consistency enforcement by...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 19:20

... Computational Linguistics, pages 1573–1582, Uppsala, Sweden, 11-16 July 2010. c 2010 Association for Computational Linguistics Automated planning for situated natural language generation Konstantina ... subdi- alogues are common in SCARE, we are not aware of any previous research that can generate them in a computationally feasible manner. This paper presents an approach to generation which is able to ... constraints of real- time generation. 1 Introduction The problem of situated natural language gen- eration (NLG)—i.e., of generating natural lan- guage in the context of a physical (or virtual) environment—has...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 02:20