a program for aligning parallel texts at the character level

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 06:20

... based on the assumption that each character in one language, L 1, gives rise to a random number of characters in the other language, L2. We assume these random variables are independent and identically ... small that it was possible to correct the reznaining mistakes by hand. For a larger dataset, such as the Canadian Hansards, it was not possible to check the results by hand. We used the same ... in the program. We now appeal to Bayes Theorem to estimate Prob (match l 8) as a constant times Prob(81match) Prob(match). The constant can be ignored since it will be the same for all...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 21:20

... presented here are not restricted to CLIR and can be applied to other areas where parallel corpora are necessary, such as statistical machine translation. The trained translation matrix can also be ... method for creating a customized parallel corpus from other available parallel corpora by matching the domain of the test documents with that of individual parallel documents. We noticed that ... blind feedback 2. Translating the query by taking the dot product between the query vector (with weights from step 1) and a translation matrix obtained by calculating translation probabilities...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 06:20

... Lexical Information. In Proceedings of 31st Annual Meeting of the Association for Compu- tational Linguistics. Church, K. W. 1993. Char_align: A Program for Aligning Parallel Texts at the Character ... more parallel data. This ap- proach is based on our observation that parallel pages share similar structures holding parallel content, and parallel hyperlinks refer to new par- allel pages. ... Pietra, and R. L. Mercer. 1993. The Mathematics of Statistical Ma- chine Translation: Parameter Estimation. Computa- tional Linguistics, V19(2). Callison-Burch, C. and C. Bannard. 2005. Paraphras- ing...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

... give an account of a computer pro- gram for the translation of natural languages. The program has the following features: (1) it is adaptable to the translation of any two natural languages, ... essentially equivalent to representation by a state, or a partial state, of an automaton. If we restrict our thinking to reasonably realistic automata, we may sup- pose that an automaton has only ... information-retaining cells. The information retained by any particular group of cells at any one time may be called the state of this part of the automaton. The state of the entire automa- ton...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 01:20

... Curricula and Textbooks Materials are also another important factor. In learner-centred education, materials should be authentic, content-based, relevant and appropriate to learners' level and ... qualitative and quantitative research procedures. The qualitative part involves the examination of documents relating to the issue of Globalization and its effects on the language policy at ... the negotiator and integrator. The teacher’s role is the facilitator of the communication process. Materials promote communicative language use; they are task-based and authentic (Nunan, 1989:194)....

Ngày tải lên: 05/02/2014, 21:52

... Examination couch/table/bed 16 Antenatal care protocols and teaching materials a) National Reproductive Health Policy and Standards b) Standard Guidelines/protocol for Focused Antenatal Care ... key RH indicators that form the basis for assessing sector-wide performance and ensuring accountability at the district level. For that reason the dialogue at the sector level is about both ... allocate resources between sectors to achieve the national development goals and international targets that Ghana has signed on to, rather than allocation within a particular sector. The...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 10:20

... draft legislation. 2.23 State or state? Use initial capitals for Member States of the European Union. Use lower case in most other instances: state-owned, state aid, reasons of state, nation ... below the rank of species are also italicised, but the rank itself is indicated by an unitalicised abbreviation: Acanthocalycium klimpelianum var. macranthum. The recommended abbreviations are ... Guide 2 May 2013 29/88 MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS 5.12 Foreign-language conventions. Remember that languages may have different conventions as regards their use of mathematical symbols, especially those...

Ngày tải lên: 24/02/2014, 18:20

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 17:20

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 17:20

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 08:20

Ngày tải lên: 19/12/2013, 10:39

... www.hsrcpress.ac.za  14 National categorisation The National Qualifications Framework (NQF) provides the legislative basis for assessing the various occupational skills levels and competencies in South Africa (RSA ... download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za viii APPETD Association of Private Providers of Education, Training and Development AsgiSA Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative for South Africa ATM automated ... Information Technology Industry Strategy SAQA South African Qualifications Authority SETA Sector Education and Training Authority SOC Standard Occupational Classification UMALUSI Council for the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 09:20

... phenylisopropyladenosine, 0.5 UÆmL )1 adenosine deaminase with 2 mm glucose, at 37 °C on a shaking water bath for immediate analysis. For analysis after 20 to 24 h incubation, cells were incubated at 37 ... signalling pathway. This may also be medi- ated by IRS; insulin activation of the G-protein Ras leads to phosphorylation and activation of mitogen- activated protein (MAP) kinases – extracellular signal-related ... text. Harlan Sprague–Dawley rats (160–200 g) were from B & K Univer- sal (Sollentuna, Sweden). The animals were treated accord- ing to Swedish Animal Care regulations. 9 Isolation and incubation...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 16:20

... selection was undertaken by means of a random sampling matrix (Cohen, Manion & Morrison 2001), based on categorisations of private education provision in sub-Saharan Africa (Atchoarena & ... international profile as an African IT manufacturing and export hub for both European and Asian markets (BMI 2005) is an advantage. South Africa has the potential to serve as a conduit for ICT’s ... higher education and training (HET) at levels 5–8 (skills and competencies at diploma/occupational certificate to doctoral level) ; further education and training (FET) at levels 2–4 (skills and competencies...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 02:20

... report accu- racy rates and standard errors resulting from cross- validation. 5 It is clear that performance depends on the features that the classifier has available. The BASELINE accuracy rate ... suggest that there is some redundancy between these feature sets (at least with respect to the task). Fourth, the fact that the best estimated accuracy was achieved using all of the features ... set for training and the remain- ing examples for testing. An estimated error rate is obtained by averaging the error rate on the testing portion of the data from each of the 25 runs. 312 alone...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

... Asian American and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaska Native women, and women of two or more races. Data: SC-EST2007-alldata6: Annual State Population Estimates by Demographic ... Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, and American Indian and Alaska Native women, and comparable to the rate for Black women. CANCER MORTALITY While there has been great ... shares of African American (45%) and American Indian and Alaska Native (32.9%) women lived in a female-headed household, whereas fewer Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 12:20