... 2.2 A population of grammars Learning, including language acquisition, can be characterized as a sequence of states in which the learner moves from one state to another Transformational models of ... language and the smoothness of language development We propose that the learner be modeled as a population of "grammars", the set of all principled language variations made available by the biological ... (1993) Automatic grammar induction and parsing free text: a transformation-based approach ACL Annual Meeting Brown, R (1973) A first language Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press Bush, R and...
Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 19:20
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Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 08:20
Báo cáo khoa học: "A COMFUTATIONAL THEORY OF THE FUNCTION OF CLUE WORDS IN ARGUMENT UNDERSTANDING" potx
... any case at any rate after all in spite o f that meanwhile rather than I would rather say The alternative is [Note 77 and 78 are whole phrases] II Attitudinal expressions These adverbs indicate ... 29 30 31 taxonomy on top of it all and what is more and neither nor either or as well as rather than as well too likewise similarly equally again also further [Note that 24-31 are appositions; ... last proposition (a choice of eligible proposition) from the case of re-addressing a "closed" proposition 2a) is an explicit indication of evidence; b) and c) have a phrase indicating a causal...
Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20
Báo cáo khoa học: "A Computational Theory of ProseStyle for Natural Language Generation" ppt
... grammatically legitimate ways that the surface structure might be extended: another adjective added to a certain noun phrase, a temporal adjunct added to a clause, another sentence add,~cl tO a ... parts of Togo and the Ivory Coast There are about 900DO0 people in this tribe, and they speak a language named AKAN Most of the Ashanti are cacao farmers." 3.1 WHERE IS STYLE CONSIDERED? According ... it cannot be changed); however more material can be spficed into the stream at specified points "The Ashanti are an African people They live in West Africa in a country called Ghana and in parts...
Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 01:20
The Anime Machine: A Media Theory of Animation
... materiality of animation A third common approach bypasses textual questions and the materiality of animation in favor of sociological and anthropological readings: anime is a source of information ... the actual technology or technological device is an abstract machine a multiplanar machine—that is at once technical/material and abstract/immaterial Needless to say, because animation entails ... philosophy; (b) Anno Hideaki’s animations and post-Heideggerian thinkers such as Azuma Hiroki, Michel Foucault, and Jacques Derrida; and (c) CLAMP’s manga and its anime adaptation alongside Lacanian thinkers...
Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 11:12
Báo cáo khoa học: "A COMPUTATIONAL THEORY OF DISPOSITIONS" pdf
... may say that a prototype is a a -summary of typical elements of A In this sense, a prototype is not, in general, an element of U whereas a typical element of A is, by definition, an clement of ... Zadeh, L .A. , A computational approach to fuzzy quantifiers in natural languages, Computers and Mathematics Y (198 3a) 149-184 Zadeh, L .A. , Linguistic variables, approximate reasoning and dispositions, ... in A (e.g., U A cars and A ~ station wagons) The definition of a typical element of A may be expressed in verbal terms as follows: t is a typical element of A if and only if (4.7) Count(S(t)/A...
Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 19:21
The Science of Art A Neurological Theory of Aesthetic Experience pot
... that the artist himself was aware of Often paintings contain homages to earlier artists and this concept of homage fits what we have said about caricature: the later artist makes a caricature of ... anatomical poses are impossible (or unlikely) it is very evocative of the ‘Sringara Rasa’ or ‘Kama rasa’ (sexual and amorous ecstasy) because the artist is providing a ‘caricature’ that exaggerates ... face area in the brain — measured by fMRI — should, paradoxically, be greater for an outline sketch of a face than for a full colour photo of a face 25 V.S RAMACHANDRAN AND W HIRSTEIN mental...
Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20
The Theory of Riemann Integration
... become a member of the Paris Academy of Science, where he remained for the rest of his career Lagrange excelled in all fields of analysis and number theory and analytical and celestial mechanics Lagrange ... mechanics into a branch of mathematical analysis His early work on the theory of equations was to lead Galois to the idea of a group of permutations The Riemann Integral 17 Niels Henrik Abel ... became a classic of mathematics, and its results were incorporated into Albert Einstein’s relativistic theory of gravitation Bernhard Riemann’s ideas concerning geometry of space have had a profound...
Ngày tải lên: 27/03/2014, 11:51
A Practical Theory of Programming potx
... axiom A, A = A idempotence A, B = B ,A symmetry 15 Basic Data Structures A, (B,C) = (A, B),C A A = A A‘B = B A A‘(B‘C) = (A B)‘C A, B: C = A: C ∧ B: C A: B‘C = A: B ∧ A: C A: A, B A B: A A: A A: B ∧ B: A ... change state, and a constant is something that cannot change state A computing variable is also known as a “state variable”, and a computing constant is also known as a “state constant” A state ... computation All at the same time, we can have variables whose initial and final values are all that is of interest, variables whose values are continuously of interest, variables whose values are...
Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 16:20
Báo cáo khoa học: "TOWARD A COMPUTATIONAL THEORY OF SPEECH PERCEPTION " doc
Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 17:20
shannon - a mathematical theory of communication
... A typical message from this source is the following: ABBABABABABABABBBABBBBBABABABABABBBACACAB B A B B B B A B B A B A C B B B A B A The next increase in complexity would involve trigram frequencies ... a great deal of abstract measure theory and would obscure the main thread of the analysis A preliminary study, however, indicates that the theory can be formulated in a completely axiomatic and ... independent A typical message from this source is then: AAACDCBDCEAADADACEDA E A D C A B E D A D D C E C A A A A A D (C) A more complicated structure is obtained if successive symbols are not chosen...
Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2014, 12:06
scientific american - 1995 08 - a new theory of aids latency
... experiments A current was passed through a vessel containing an amalgam of sodium separated by a glass partition from mercury After a while the amalgam was found to have lost a certain amount of its ... and down In 1831 Michael Faraday had observed that such vertical vibrations create arrays of standing waves on the surface W Stuart Edwards of Haverford College in Pennsylvania and Stephan Fauve ... conceptually and economically appealing alternative to carting away the dirt—at a cost of at least $1 million per acre—and depositing it in a landfill About 15 years ago Chaney recognized that certain rare...
Ngày tải lên: 12/05/2014, 15:01
maxwell jc - a dynamic theory of the electromagnetic field
... will be and A this will and B be an attraction if x and y are of the same sign, and if M is increased as approach It appears, therefore, that if goes on as long as it acts, we admit that the unresisted ... the same demonstration as was used in the case of the mechanical action on a magnet, it may be shown that the mechanical force on a small body containing a quantity e2 of free electricity placed ... product of the magnetic capacity and therefore to Conducting media are be generally opaque of the propagation of transverse magnetic disturbances to the exclu- sion of normal ones Eay and the to absorb...
Ngày tải lên: 04/06/2014, 12:44
clausewitzs puzzle the political theory of war may 2007
... longer be useful as a way of waging war After Jena Clausewitz saw escalation as a way of waging war successfully, but in Moscow and in the Spanish partisan war it became clear that such extremism ... (Echevarria) on the basis of this methodological approach, as well as his analysis of Jena, Moscow, and Waterloo, and by doing so attempts to outline the foundations of a general theory of war and warfare ... impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data available Typeset by SPI Publisher...
Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 00:57
seeing doing and knowing a philosophical theory of sense perception apr 2005
... on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Matthen, Mohan Seeing, doing, and knowing : a philosophical theory ... have been saying, the consciously available record of sensory classification, a label that identifies an object as belonging to a particular class (We are not aware of the label independently of ... sensory classes are classes of experiences He stipulated that these classes can be defined by means of a relationship of sensed similarity a relation of similarity that holds on the domain of sensations.3...
Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 10:44
Outline of a sociological theory of art perception (Pierre Bourdieu)
... contemporary art are but a special application of the general law of readability The readability of a contemporary work varies primarily according to the relationship which the creators maintain, in a given ... familiarization and an automatic transferring of aptitudes, members of the privileged classes are naturally inclined to regard as a gift of nature a cultural heritage which is transmitted by a process of ... miniature of c.1000 AD, we unconsciously assume that the empty space serves merely as an abstract, unreal background instead of forming part of an apparently natural, three-dimensional space, in...
Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2016, 09:13
a theory of political obligation membership commitment and the bonds of society jul 2006
... reason to A, and that all else is equal, and yet does not A 30 a problem of political obligation Again, to say that to have an obligation is to have sufficient reason to act in a certain way leaves ... has just been indicated: a country may not have laws according to reasonable accounts of what a law is I have not yet said what I take a country to be, but the point can be made in advance of ... territory of an imperator Questions about Obligations Characterized as ‘Moral’ A preponderance of writers concerned with a ‘problem of political obligation’ assumes that a particular species of obligation...
Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 01:32
edinburgh university press a glossary of political theory john hoffman mar 2008
... Descartes’s characterisation as animals as mere machines for particular ridicule Bentham took the view that animals have the capacity to suffer, and animal rights advocates argue that while animals may ... he advances the view that we should characterise education and the media as ideological state apparatuses as opposed to repressive state apparatuses, and his critics have argued that such a characterisation ... scientist, and they were separated by what Althusser called an ‘epistemological break’ Marx, as he saw it, was not writing about capital as a material reality, but as an object of thought In Lenin and...
Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 12:43
Báo cáo y học: "Development of a theory of implementation and integration: Normalization Process Theory" ppsx
... classes of phenomena Systematic explanation: A theory must provide an explanation of the form and significance of the causal and relational mechanisms at work in cases or classes of the phenomena defined ... in qualitative data analysis in three large studies (of the implementation of e-health technologies [28], the integration of telecare systems [29,30], and the operationalization of a large randomized ... face validity, and to ask whether the NPM merited formal testing This consisted of two main pieces of work, quantitative data analysis and research synthesis Qualitative data analysis We integrated...
Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 05:21
báo cáo khoa học: " Development of a theory of implementation and integration: Normalization Process Theory pdf
... classes of phenomena Systematic explanation: A theory must provide an explanation of the form and significance of the causal and relational mechanisms at work in cases or classes of the phenomena defined ... in qualitative data analysis in three large studies (of the implementation of e-health technologies [28], the integration of telecare systems [29,30], and the operationalization of a large randomized ... face validity, and to ask whether the NPM merited formal testing This consisted of two main pieces of work, quantitative data analysis and research synthesis Qualitative data analysis We integrated...
Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 16:20