a platinum group metals in the urban environment

... countries including Thailand, Malaysia, Japan, Korea and China (Menasveta and Cheevaparanapiawat, 1981; Seng et al., 1987; Fukushima et al., 1992; Lee et al., 1998; Hong and Lin, 1990 and Yuan et al., ... deposition, antifouling paints from ships, and acid mine drainage Human activities such as dredging and reclamation in coastal environments can remobilize heavy metals from marine sediments into the seawater ... of metals is linked to the marine biological cycle In comparison to data from Greece, Malaysia, USA, the ix Netherlands and the Northern Adriatic Sea, the levels of metals in the dissolved phase...

Ngày tải lên: 10/11/2015, 12:34

... of “make shift measures” to urinate • Dehydration (not drinking fluids to prevent urination) Vaginal symptoms: Itching, burning, pain, & discharge Menstrual complaints: Pain, heavy bleeding, ... level about feminine hygiene in the deployed environment  To determine the effectiveness of an intervention to decrease: • Vaginal & urinary tract symptoms • Menstrual complaints Women in Bureau ... Does providing women with information on feminine • hygiene and menstrual self-care practices lead to a decrease in genitourinary complaints during deployment? Specific Aims  To increase knowledge...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 07:20

... for Mumbai (India), Bangkok (Thailand), Shanghai (China), Yokohama (Japan), Beijing (China) and Jakarta (Indonesia) In addition, one cross-city comparative analysis was carried out on the policy ... levels and per capita incomes in Mumbai and the Maharashtra State are presented in Table 4.1.2 (CMIE, 2001) Table 4.1.2 Income in Mumbai and Maharashtra State and income/capita (1993-94) Year Income ... cities are also being realised in Shanghai Yokohama was selected as a case of Japan because the city is systematically planned and there are many citizen-based movements in reducing travel demand...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 14:20

... Wastes with Lead Figure 1.5 Map showing the industries with lead and zinc wastes that drained into marsh wetlands around the Biala River, near Krakow, Poland Note location in the Poland inset essence ... affecting sustainability of both Greek and Roman civilizations Patterson, in the 1980 National Academy Report, has a graph of lead production starting 5000 years ago His minority statement warns ... Simulation Model of a Lead-Containing Swamp Ecosystem 91 Shanshin Ton and Howard T Odum PART III LEAD AND WETLANDS IN POLAND Chapter Lead and Zinc Retention in the Biala River Wetland of...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... Chapters and 11 as a better basis for evaluating and planning society’s use of scarce metals in the long range Alternatives are recommended that maximize the production and use of real wealth What incentives ... toxic impacts of heavy metals? People can avoid concentrations of the heavy metals such as those in acid drainages and hot-spring waters around volcanoes The principal toxic exposures now are leftovers ... where lands and waters need to be managed for the public interest and safety For example, a public easement can be purchased so that a wetland containing heavy metals is not excavated Special restriction...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... in feces of swans feeding in the lead-rich mining areas of the Coeur d’Aleve River in Canada compared to 2.1 ppm in reference areas Lead on Land In their review of geochemistry Rankama and Sahama ... uptake and binding of lead in wetlands than uplands Literature summaries and discussion of mechanisms of lead binding follow Valiela et al (1974) found Spartina in salt marshes taking up heavy metals ... that in fact during decomposition the absolute mass of metals actually increases rather than decreases, due to continuous uptake from surface water Ecological engineering practices for retaining...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... (1975) assembled data for the quantity of lead in different phases of the earth and estimated the flows of lead along the pathways from one part to another Nriagu (1978b) evaluated the main pathways ... kinds of in ows of water, organic matter, sediments, and various chemicals, including the heavy metals Many materials including heavy metals are captured and recycled largely within the wetland ... lead in paints, in gasoline, and batteries that can impact humans or the environment EVALUATION PERSPECTIVES Nriagu (1994), in a later summary of lead in the environment, finds soils as lead sinks,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... EMERGENT PLANTS Since cypress and black gum drop their leaves in winter, and water lilies in this area die back in winter, the leaf area at the end of summer is a measure of a year’s leaf production ... assumption about the way it varies In Figure 5.4 the daytime respiration (darkly shaded) is made to increase during the day, based on the idea that the more sugar made by the plant the more respiration ... leaves on top of each other The area of leaves per area of ground below is called the leaf area index Leaf area of the sparse tree areas was © 2000 by CRC Press LLC L1401-frame-C5 Page 73 Monday,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... to the surface water drainage pattern Relatively low lead concentrations outside the boundary of the study area suggest that the wetland acts as a filter to retain lead (Appendix Table A6 B.5) © ... measure the binding to the humic substances in the waters of the study area, 40 gal of surface water was collected from the control pond near the Sapp swamp in June and July 1991 A dialysis apparatus ... Page 84 Monday, April 10, 2000 4:34 PM 84 HEAVY METALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT: USING WETLANDS FOR THEIR REMOVAL LEAD IN VEGETATION Water lily (Nymphaea odorata) was the most popular species for the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... greater than the variation among microcosms with the same treatment Thus, an analysis of variance was made of the height growth data as detailed in Appendix Tables A7 .3 to A7 .5 None of the treatments ... with lead or acid or their combinations was proven to have any effect greater than the general variation among the replications Therefore all the data were averaged in Figure 7.2 Because of the ... during the period of battery washing when the trees were killed The range of acidity and lead treatments in the microcosm was that of the present swamps many years after the initial toxicity Therefore,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... HEAVY METALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT: USING WETLANDS FOR THEIR REMOVAL and the flows in and out on the average are labeled for each tank and pathway junction in Figure 8.2 Appendix A8 has the spreadsheet ... SIMULATION MODEL OF A LEAD-CONTAINING SWAMP ECOSYSTEM 93 and one for the lead in the water Part of the water that enters the swamp is evaporated and transpired by the plants and goes out as vapor ... L1401-frame-C8 Page 92 Monday, April 10, 2000 9:49 AM 92 HEAVY METALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT: USING WETLANDS FOR THEIR REMOVAL Water & Lead Inflow Wind & Water Vapor Outflows Water Evaporation Lead Transpiration...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... local impoundments, and gradually the water covers the entire valley in its lower part The Biala River had its source in an area rich in springs with a catchment basin of 53 km2 As a result of the ... water mint (Mentha aquatica), cattail (Typha latifolia), sedge (C rostrata), and black alder (Alnus glutinosa) Species richness ranges from to 33, averaging 13.3 for all samples 16 Area, hectares ... (Pb) in the parts of plants in the Biala River wetland (a) Stems; (b) leaves; (c) roots Stations are indicated by number lead and zinc decreases in waters passing through the lower area in some...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... Soils in industrial areas and close to lead manufacturing plants can reach concentrations as much as 1.5% lead (Swiderska-Broz, 1993) Lead concentration in soil near a battery production plant was ... Srodowiska, 1994 AIR POLLUTION The main sources of air pollution by heavy metals are emissions from manufacturing plants, metallurgical plants, and power and heat generation plants Heavy metals are monitored ... application of wastewater In Poland average natural concentrations of lead in soil are estimated at 18 ppm Recommended maximum permissable concentrations are 100 ppm (Kabala-Pendias and Pendias, 1993)...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... concentrations at a secondary lead smelter in Tampa, FL Since it is likely that the rate of battery processing at Sapp Battery increased exponentially rather than linearly to its peak rate as was assumed, ... lead, an average removal rate of about 7.8 kg/ha–1year–1 The ecological damage caused by the lead/acid discharge was substantial Gross primary production in the damaged wetland was 70% less than ... capital cost of building a treatment facility and the operating costs to treat an amount of lead equal to that which was retained by the wetland The operating cost was obtained by multiplying the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... 9.18 and 9.19) Moreover, additional planting of the marshy vegetation might accelerate the self-organization of the vegetation to the new condition The analysis was started by preparing a diagram ... Zinc x 1019 sej/25 years Biomass carrying heavy metals Figure 12.1 Emergy diagram of natural treatment by the wetlands on the Biala River EMERGY EVALUATION OF WETLAND TREATMENT Using information ... the 25-year evaluation the total wastewater processed was estimated to be 1.7 E9 m3/25 years The in owing waters contained emergy of the water, the nutrients, lead, and zinc transported together...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... facilities Part of the cradle-to-grave approach incorporates a document trail for all hazardous wastes In particular, a Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest must accompany all hazardous waste from generator ... 24, Appendix A1 3) It was renamed the Clean Water Act (CWA) in 1977 when it was amended The goal of the act is to “restore and maintain the chemical, physical and biological integrity of the nation’s ... regulates mine drainage that contains lead Lead is defined under the SDWA in the primary drinking water standards (Note 27, Appendix A1 3) These regulations are designed to protect drinking water...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... global atmosphere and ocean waters, develop international treaties to further eliminate lead additives in transportation fuels, as already accomplished in the U.S Avoid processing lead-containing ... lead in human blood, and the global lead cycle update They suggest lead can be the first hazard to be appropriately managed But Nriagu (1994, 1998) concludes that lead emission rates are decreasing ... restore the original biogeochemical cycle of lead This means minimizing lead passage through the atmosphere and open waters Wetlands are a means of keeping lead on land Where possible, where lead has...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... WETLANDS FOR THEIR REMOVAL A- EL A- TAa A- TAb B-TAa B-TAb B-TAc B-NSc B1&2 B3 C-TAa C-TAb C-TAc C1&2 C3 D-TAa D-TAb D-TAc D-NSa D-NSb D1&2 D3 F-TAa F-TAb F-TAc F1&2 F3 F-ALG G-TAa G-TAb G-TAc G-NSa ... Average leaf area was multiplied by leaves per trunk to obtain total leaf area for five trunks The total leaf area per unit basal trunk area was calculated and multiplied by the total basal area ... software package, MINITAB® (Minitab, Inc., 1991), available for Apple Macintosh® computers, was used for the statistical analysis The ANOVA (analysis of variance) tables were generated, and the arithmetic...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... between the stands in the whole NFR and in the Jablunkov Pass The humus layer is less acid in beech stands, but this is not the case in the mineral soil The organic layer under beech also has a substantially ... contents of zinc are higher in the area of Jablunkov Pass than in the remaining area of NFR (Fig. 3) Its higher contents are evident in the uppermost mineral horizon along the Jablunkov Pass The contents ... (Maňkovská 1997) In samples from the humus layer the following mean concentrations were analyzed (Table 5) Comparing these results with the findings in the Jablunkov Pass, the organic layer in...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 10:21

... performance The most important measures compensating the environment contamination by extraneous substances are preventive measures that can be applied on a larger part of the area of endangered ... the logging and transport systems), resulting from the changed performance of the system, not always cause a change in power and material consumption and thus a change in heterogeneous substance ... from the analysis and from the determination of mathematic conditions required for reaching minimum specific emissions from logging and transport operations in the forest in relation to extracted...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 10:21