a modelling language for heterogeneous systems

... here, in a classical way, and which are detailed elsewhere [2] 4.1.1 Transition systems The labelled transition systems we use in this paper are Mealy automata An automaton A is a tuple A = Q, ... Delaval and E Rutten 11 s2 ∧ a3 s2 ∧ a3 ∧ a1 s1 a2 ∧ a1 s1 s2 ∧ a3 ∧ a1 a2 ∧ a1 a1 ∧ a3 s1 ¬s1 ∧ a2 a3 a3 ∧¬s1 a1 ∧ ¬s2 Err Err Err (a) Always t1 between (t2,t3) s2 s2 ∧ ¬s1 (b) Always t1 before ... control automaton can be constructed Each declared application has a name, and is launched on the occurrence of a signal req name The automaton of an application named A is shown in Figure 8 (a) On...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... computers for financial gain professional criminals - attackers who attack computers for personal financial gain vandals - attackers who attack computers to cause damage 15 incident attack(s) (s) Attackers ... actually take place during an event For example, when a user logs in to an account, we classify the action as authenticate and the target as account The actual action that takes place is for the ... makes these attacks a distinctive group is a combination of factors, each of which we may only have partial information about First, there may only be one attacker or there may be several attackers...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 08:20

... implemented as a ∧ b, and a+ b as a ∨ b The Dyna programmer can declare the agenda discipline—i.e., the order in which updates are processed—to obtain variant algorithms Although Dyna supports stack and ... partial hypotheses are assembled, or where consistency has to be maintained It is already being used for parsing, syntax-based machine translation, morphological analysis, grammar induction, and ... permitted axioms may have values between and 1.8 C++ Interface and Implementation A Dyna program compiles to a set of portable C++ classes that manage the items and perform inference These classes can...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 16:20

... Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., 1983 (Kaplan 79) Kaplan, S J., Cooperative responses from a portable natural language database query system Ph D dissertation, Univ of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, Pa., ... whether natural language database systems still provide a valuable environment for natural language research is not a simple one As evidenced by the growing body of work on Gricean implicature and ... solving capabilities is being called o n Again, the system can use this information to avoid asking a question it would normally have to ask The use of natural language as an "overlay" on an underlying...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... Project Assistant SUZANNE OSSA, Senior Project Assistant DAVID DRAKE, Project Assistant DAVID PADGHAM, Research Assistant BRANDYE WILLIAMS, Office Assistant vi Preface C ontinued advances in information ... system that functions properly for the application domain while remaining understandable and manageable by human operators, users, and—in many cases—casual passersby, is a large challenge for EmNet ... exact location of team members and enemies Providing warfighters with data on asset locations and readiness, team members’ health and capabilities, and overall battlespace information in an accessible,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 15:20

... Assistant SUZANNE OSSA, Senior Project Assistant DAVID DRAKE, Project Assistant DAVID PADGHAM, Research Assistant BRANDYE WILLIAMS, Office Assistant vi Preface C ontinued advances in information ... system that functions properly for the application domain while remaining understandable and manageable by human operators, users, and—in many cases—casual passersby, is a large challenge for EmNet ... exact location of team members and enemies Providing warfighters with data on asset locations and readiness, team members’ health and capabilities, and overall battlespace information in an accessible,...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 15:20

... only symbols Both format S and format A are designed for the particular characters available on the printers and card punches in current use Other formats may be made available if and when other ... separated by a space, the left half and the right half are separated by an equal sign, the right half and the routing are separated by two fraction bars, and the routing and the go-to are separated ... of an abbreviation in the routing calling for format A, a special transliteration takes place The purpose of this transliteration is to allow all of the characters available on the input and...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 19:20

... Zavalishin and J Zhang We are also grateful to Valentina Krysanova, Valery Pomaz, Alison Schlums, Stephen Sitch and Anastasia Svirejeva-Hopkins for their help in the preparation and editing of our manuscript ... conservation equation, so that dm A ¼ input output þ formation transformation; ð6:2Þ dt where A is an area and m is a mass per unit of area The transformation of solar energy to chemical energy ... their Application to Ecology 31 Table 2. 2a Combustion heat of animal material Organism Species Heat of combustion (kcal/ash-free gram) Ciliate Hydra Green hydra Flatworm Terrestrial flatworm Aquatic...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 01:20

... formalism is to permit a clean semantics for the language W e have provided a denotational semantics for PATR-ll [Pereiraand Shieber, 84] based on the information systems domain theory of Dana ... Verb be = V Con- structs Clearly, the bare PATR-II formalism, as it was presented in Section 2.1, is sorely inadequate for any major attempt at building natural -language grammars because of ... pp 95-100 Kaplan, R and J Bresnan, 1983: "LexlcaI-Functionai Grammar: A Formal System for Grammatical Representation," in J 13resnan (ed.), The mental representation of grammatical rclati, rr~...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 01:21

... NATIVE LANGUAGE CODES AFR AKA ALB AMA ARA ARM ASM AZE BAM BAK BAQ BEL BEM BEN BER BIK BOS BUL BUR CAT CEB NYA CHI CHV Afrikaans Akan Albanian Amharic Arabic Armenian Assamese Azerbaijani Bambara ... BWA BRA BRN BGR BFA BDI KHM CMR CAN CPV CYM CAF TCD CHL CHN Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan ... ORM PAU POL PON POR Latvian Lingala Lithuanian Luba-Lulua Luo Macedonian Madurese Malagasy Malay Malayalam Maltese Marathi Marshallese Mende Minangkabau Mongolian Mossi Nepali Norwegian Oriya Oromo...

Ngày tải lên: 25/03/2014, 10:41

... database that is provided with the Metamath package and is the subject matter of Chapter Any language (a metalanguage) used to describe mathematics (an object language) must have a mathematical ... computer language that describes formal mathematical systems and expresses proofs of theorems in those systems Such a language is called a metalanguage by mathematicians “Metamath” is also the name ... like a bug in a computer program? After all, you’ve read that famous mathematicians have occasionally made mistakes, and you certainly know you’ve made your 1.1 MATHEMATICS AS A COMPUTER LANGUAGE...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 12:20

... a database SQL language; and programming in a database query language; previous experience as a database administrator • Experience with hardware: installing and maintaining the network cabling ... international standards shortly after their adoption by the IEEE Therefore, these standards are available in printed form from both IEEE and ISO, as well as from many national standards organizations ... evaluate new hardware and software, automate a myriad of mundane tasks, and increase work flow at their site In general, systems administrators enable people to exploit computers at a level that...

Ngày tải lên: 07/04/2014, 15:43

... several distribution and pattern experts Ademar Aguimar, Steve Berczuk, Alan O’Callaghan, Ekatarina Chtcherbina, Jens Coldewey, Richard Gabriel, Ian Graham, Prashant Jain, Nora Koch, Doug Lea, Klaus ... BUILDER (527), FACTORY METHOD (529), and DISPOSAL METHOD (531) Database Access: DATABASE ACCESS LAYER (538), DATA MAPPER (540), ROW DATA GATEWAY (542), TABLE DATA GATEWAY (544), and ACTIVE RECORD ... computing • Chapter 1, On Patterns and Pattern Languages, outlines all aspects of the pattern and pattern language concepts that are relevant for understanding our pattern language for distributed...

Ngày tải lên: 01/06/2014, 10:57

... conceptualized the study, and participated in its design, statistical analysis and drafted the manuscript MG and AVDM participated in its design, data collection and statistical analysis All authors ... ratings of importance across the nine ICF activities and participation domains The Friedman analysis is a nonparametric statistical test which is an alternative to the repeated analysis of variance ... researchers conducted the interview and was seated opposite the participant at the table Another researcher operated the video camera and took a digital photograph of each participant’s mat after...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:20

... in the DARPA Grand Challenge 2004 As in the case of “Stanley” and “Sandstorm”, prevalent approaches include driveability analysis of the terrain and formation of traversability maps in real-time, ... controllable or observable, rather than by operating on observable and controllable variables (Fesq et al., 2002) A similar approach in Ingham and Williams (2003) relies on an automaton that captures the ... is the case even when all functional capabilities and separate components are available These are hard problems that are continually being addressed, especially in artificial intelligence and cognitive...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:08

... ✓ As an official examiner for the exams students of English as a Foreign Language sit ✓ As a teacher trainer ✓ As a materials writer ✓ As a home-stay course provider, who accommodates and teaches ... Teaching English as a Foreign Language FOR DUMmIES ‰ Teaching English as a Foreign Language FOR DUMmIES ‰ by Michelle Maxom A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, Publication Teaching English as a Foreign ... get a decent job Very often TEFL jobs are advertised as ESOL (English for Speakers of Other Languages) or ESL (English as a Second Language) .Teaching English as a Foreign Language, English as a...

Ngày tải lên: 05/04/2016, 18:43

... constants ma y n o t h a v e translations We s p e a k therefore of t h e d a t a b a s e constituting a "partially specified model" for the meaning representation language C o m p u t a t i ... stipulations for a n y use of the language in a given domain First, a n y o n e - p l a c e predicate m u s t n a m e a concept, a n d a n y t w o - p l a c e predicate n a m e a role Second, any ... example, they can now appear as predicate l e t t e r s in meaning representations Moreover, to the associated data s t r u c t u r e we can attach a t r a n s l a t i o n rule, just as w e have...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... lexical resources allows a system to be more portable across subject domains and languages, as long as those resources are available for the targeted domains and languages FrameNet in particular allows ... in Natural Language Generation: Friend or Foe? Invited talk at the European Workshop for Natural Language Generation, Toulouse, France Reiter, Ehud and Robert Dale 2000 Building Natural Language ... Press, Cambridge, MA Shemtov, Hadar 1997 Ambiguity Management in Natural Language Generation, PhD Thesis, Stanford Kaplan, R M and J Wedekind 2000 LFG generation produces context-free languages...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 06:20

... application Matrix Comparison Analysis of NLU Systems A typical NLU system takes an input of certain form and produces a final as well as a set of intermediate analyses, for instance, parse treesl ... demand the details of each type of data • Enable access to a variety of database query capabilities ETE stores all types of intermediate data as strings in the database and provides regular-expression ... contextual information for annotation Annotation is a problem because it still takes a human ETE offers flexible and easy access to the intermediate data within and across batch runs For instance,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 07:20

... match the application behavior These applications are a mixture of transformation and reactive operators [3] A transformation operator is based on the data-driven process: input data is transformed ... Virtex-E and Virtex-II FPGAs, and PCs The calculations and data transfers are executed in parallel RAM and SAM communication models have been tested for PCI transfers Higher transfer rates are reached ... digital signal applications over heterogeneous parallel architectures in many technological fields Other applications have already taken advantage of it A SynDEx description of a MC-CDMA (probably...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20