a maximum likelihood approach to neuronal interactions

... is comparable with the best algorithms used to date in terms of computational complexity, and has a greater potential to be implemented in hardware ALGORITHM DERIVATION 2.1 Basic understanding ... reduces to F (a) = N i =1 N = i =1 Yi − b0 − aXi Xi (7) Yi − b0 a Xi Again, if the error random variable Ui obeys a Laplacian distribution, the observed samples {(Yi − b0 )/Xi } are also Laplacian ... difference that each sample in this set has different variance The reason is obvious since for each known Xi and zero-mean Ui , Ui /Xi remains a zero-mean Laplacian with variance scaled by 1/Xi2...

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 01:20

... [12] An exception is the stochastic maximum likelihood (SML) approach of Stuller [13, 14], who assumed a random Gaussian source with known power spectrum and an arbitrarily parameterized time-varying ... c, and the vehicle range D are assumed known Although the actual c and D in a practical implementation will vary around their nominal values, these variations are not expected to be critical ... order to have an alternative means to determine the parameters of the traffic flow The signals are available at http:// www.gts.tsc.uvigo.es/∼valcarce/traffic.html Figure 14 shows the waveform and the...

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 01:20

... results, an approach we plan to use in the future PEGO public software To enable researchers to test our computational approach, we implemented our pipeline as a web-based, publicly available tool named ... Molecular Probes, Carlsbad, CA, USA) F-actin was stained by phalloidin Alexa 633 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) Images were acquired with a Leica DMIRE2 confocal microscope and the analysis was ... p21-activated kinase-1 Mol Biol Cell 2000, 11:3341-3352 Hamasaki M, Araki N, Hatae T: Association of early endosomal autoantigen with macropinocytosis in EGF-stimulated A4 31 cells Anat Rec A Discov...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:20

... !15J instead of !11J Alternatively, pure maximum likelihood approaches based on the EM algorithm were also envisaged by Hinde (1982), viewing u as missing and using Gaussian quadratures to perform ... parameters, it has been shown that methods based on the quasi -likelihood or related concepts are reasonably accurate for many practical situations (Breslow and Clayton, 1992) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors ... Rae A (1985) The analysis of binomial data by a generalized linear mixed model Biometrika 72, 593-599 Harville DA, Mee RW (1984) A mixed model procedure for analyzing ordered categorical data...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 19:22

... parents represented only 9% and 8% of the total number of animals, for strains A and B respectively, the reduced animal model (RAM) of (auaas and Pollak (1980) was used With RAM, all the equations ... a diagonal matrix whose elements n A c if both parents are known and 3/4 if one parent if known It was assumed that there is equal parental information for all nonparents and that parents are ... matrices associated with b and indicates direct (Kronecker) product e a and ) * ( It was assumed that A is the relationship residual (co)variance matrix between animals G and R are unknown matrices...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 20:20

... importantly, it presents these concepts as fundamentals of chemical engineering For undergraduate programs looking to transition away from the traditional mathematical-based approach to a more applied, ... scheme and load variables much as the operator of a plant observes the behaviour of an actual plant Dynamic simulation allows for the comparison of several candidate control strategies and assesses ... that makes it easy to use and learn, yet still be applicable to a broad range of applications and users The criteria include the following: r Easy to use and learn It must have an intuitive and...

Ngày tải lên: 01/01/2014, 17:44

... mental health and Ensuring Quality, Access, and Sustainability Gathering and Analyzing Data to Drive Decisions Assessing A Conceptual Framework for a Public Health Approach to Children’s Mental ... 50 A Public Health Approach to Children’s Mental Health: A Conceptual Framework iii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 4: Applying a Public Health Approach to Children’s Mental Health 51 Values and Principles ... array of mental health interventions that are needed to serve all children It can serve as an organizational tool to help collaborators develop a comprehensive, coordinated public health approach...

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2014, 12:20

... Having said that, the fundamentals of participatory training are repeated and reinforced throughout the manual as a reminder, and to encourage those who may have had less advanced training to ... manual in training programs will change providers’ orientation such that they are able to treat a client as an individual person rather than as a patient, a case, or a number However, a sustained ... Tasneem and Tayyaba Gul were also an essential part of the core team during earlier trainings in Sargodha The manual was edited earlier by Mary D’Souza It was later transformed into the shape of a...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 10:20

... integrated into a phrasebased decoder serving as additional distortion features We evaluated our approach on large-scale Japanese-English and English-Japanese machine translation tasks, and experimental ... rest 75% as test data (auto) We sample a small corpus (575 sentence pairs) and manual alignment (man-small) We denote the automatic alignment for these 575 sentences as (auto-small) From Table 3, ... Experiments To test our ranking reorder model, we carry out experiments on large scale English -To- Japanese, and Japanese -To- English translation tasks 5.1 Data 5.1.1 Evaluation Data We collect 3,500 Japanese...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 19:20

... no gold standard available Luckily, the Bayesian approach allows us to automatically select values for the hyperparameters by treating them as additional variables in the model We augment the ... hyperparameters to encourage some degree of sparsity in all clusters Conclusion In this paper, we have demonstrated that, for a standard trigram HMM, taking a Bayesian approach to POS tagging dramatically ... parameters θ, some observed variables w (the linguistic input), and some latent variables t (the hidden structure) The goal is to assign appropriate values to the latent variables Standard approaches...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... finite-state automaton that only has two states The automaton is set to initial state (q0) at the top of a message It makes a transition to state (q1) when it encounters a quoted span of text ... scheme that novel thread based features have a greater and more consistent impact on classification performance Data and Coding We make use of an available annotated corpus of discussion data where ... significant difference between Base+Thread and Base+AllContext 4.2 Conclusions We have described work towards an approach to conversation summarization where an assessment of conversational quality along...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... References Yaser Al-Onaizan, Jan Curin, Michael Jahr, Kevin Knight, John Lafferty, Dan Melamed, David Purdy, Franz J Och, Noah A Smith, and David Yarowsky 1999 Statistical machine translation, final report, ... http://www.clsp.jhu.edu/ws99/projects/mt/final report/mt-finalreport.ps Adam L Berger, Stephen A Della Pietra, and Vincent J Della Pietra 1996 A maximum entropy approach to natural language processing Computational Linguistics, ... to adaptive statistical language modeling Computer, Speech and Language, 10:187–228 Christoph Tillmann and Hermann Ney 2000 Word re-ordering and dp-based search in statistical machine translation...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 18:20

... of machines A deeper reason for adopting a logic-based approach is CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 14 that it captures human reasoning, which is exactly what a system administrator has to today in managing ... rule can be applied to any vulnerability that matches the pattern An underscore-led variable such as AttackSrc is an anonymous variable in Datalog — one that appears only once in a clause, and ... logic-programming language Datalog [11] Datalog is a syntactic subset of Prolog, so the specification is also a program that can be loaded into a standard Prolog environment and executed Datalog has a...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 21:20

... that grant the attacker local access 3.2 Planner Cyc’s planner is a variant of SHOP, an efficient hierarchical task network planner [Nau et al 1999] The planning domain is a representation of actions ... attack plans generated For example, a user can state the goal “An external user with no initial access gains administrator/root access to target.mynetwork.net.” The user then examines the plans ... indicates it is a specialization of ConceptualWork, the collection of deliberately created things that lack a location in space but have a beginning in time and an associated abstract information...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20

... mobile into the marketing mix to attract and engage consumers However, they are not ready to abandon traditional approaches to consumer marketing CG marketers say they want to increase engagement ... Our ability to capture and analyse large data sets (eg, “big data”) has improved our efforts to attract and retain customers 27 45 21 11 We are very effective at leveraging customer data and ... data separate from retail and consumer demand signals United Kingdom 20 United Arab Emirates We bring social media data into our demand signal repository (DSR) 13 Canada We don’t have a demand...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 10:20

... acoustic characteristics of a language automatically and is able to produce an acoustic model that outperforms a language-mismatched acoustic model trained with high supervision Table shows that our ... The authors would like to thank Hung-an Chang and Ekapol Chuangsuwanich for training the English and Thai acoustic models Thanks to Matthew Johnson, Ramesh Sridharan, Finale Doshi, S.R.K Branavan, ... corpus Andrew Gelman, John B Carlin, Hal S Stern, and Donald B Rubin 2004 Bayesian Data Analysis Texts in Statistical Science Chapman & Hall/CRC, second edition James Glass 2003 A probabilistic framework...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 18:20

... global solutions, such as machine translation (Wang et al., 2007), parsing (Charniak and Johnson, 2005), and disfluency detection (Zwarts and Johnson, 2011) We use a maximum Entropy reranker to ... demonstrate that training in the reranking module can be tailed to the evaluation metrics to optimize system performance Corpus Sentence Compression Approach Our compression approach has two steps: ... material are those of the authors and not necessarily reflect the views of DARPA or NSF References Eugene Charniak and Mark Johnson 2005 Coarse -to ne n-best parsing and maxent discriminative reranking...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 18:20

... {λg , λh } is a parameter vector In Japanese, the main subject of a sentence usually appears at the beginning of the sentence (BOS) and the main verb phrase almost always appears at the end of ... compression: A comparison across domains, training requirements and evaluation measures In Proc of the 21st COLING and 44th ACL, pages 377–384 C Hori and S Furui 2003 A new approach to automatic speech ... 2007; Hori and Furui, 2003; Clarke and Lapata, 2006) Nomoto (2007) and McDonald (2006) employed the random field based approach Hori et al (2003) and Clarke et al (2006) employed the linear model...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 00:20

... grammar consists of known utterances that can be made by the user The unigram grammar is stored in a phrase database The grammar is organized according to individual words and phrases Each phrase ... Track, 176 San Francisco, California, SpeechTEK West, pp – 10 Jurafsky, D & Martin, J., Speech and Language Processing, Prentice Hall, 2000 Natural Language Software Registry, [Online] Available: ... goal of Distributed Listening research is to take a unique approach in order to enhance the success of the traditional approaches to speech recognition The approach of Distributed Listening directly...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 01:20

... Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain Dan Moldovan, Sanda Harabagiu, Roxana Girju, Paul Morarescu, Finley Lacatusu, Adrian Novischi, Adriana Badulescu, Orest Bolohan 2002 LCC Tools for Question Answering ... sources Clarke et al (2001) obtained a 30% improvement by using an auxiliary database created from web documents as an additional resource We adopted a different approach to exploit external knowledge ... lead to a better understanding of the similarities and differences between the approaches that make up today’s QA research landscape We also hope that our paper will reduce the high barrier to...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 04:22