a logic grammar formalism

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 17:20

... transla- tion of natural languages, COLGATE Universit~ New York, August 1985. [Zaharin 86] Zaharin Y. "Strategies and heuristics in the analysis of a natural language in machine translation". ... correspondence. The example is taken from [Pullum 84] where he called for a 'simple' grammar which can analyse/ generate the non-context free sublanguage of the African language Bambara given ... quite a simple process to transfer applications in the Static Grammar into STCG applications. Like the Static Grammar, the STCG is basically a formalism for specification, but given its formal...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 10:20

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 17:20

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 17:20

... bed la lima file la crema (M)cream la trama plot la estratagema stratagem la yema yolk, fingertip la forma form -dad la agilidad agility la severidad severity la ansiedad anxiety la sociedad society la ... are masculine: el carisma, cisma (schism),clima, cometa (comet), delta, d´ a (day), emblema, mapa, planeta, problema, tranv´ a (streetcar / tram). In all these cases, save d´ a, mapa, and tranv´ a, ... same, one is always lost in rapid speech: la ayuda = l’ayuda, para agradecerle = par’agradecerle. Note the very common, colloquial Mexican expression for many: hasta pa’aventar pa’arriba (hasta...

Ngày tải lên: 21/09/2012, 10:39

Ngày tải lên: 17/08/2013, 08:35

Ngày tải lên: 30/08/2013, 23:42

... alicate pliers *la braga panties, knickers *la escalera stairs la estad´ıstica statistics *la gente people *la malla tights *el pantal´on pants, trousers el pijama / la piyama (M) pajamas *la pinza ... edificio El ´arbol est´aenelparque La hoz est´aenlamonta˜na El gato est a cerca de (near) la puerta La naci´on est a contenta El l´apiz est´aenlamesa La ni ˜na est a feliz La flor est´aenelflorero La tribu ... siguiente Caminar (M)/andar hasta Correos No manejar un carro (M)/conducir un coche (Yo) entrar en la cocina y abrir la ventana Regresar a casa Escribir una carta en la mesa Los amigos vivir en Estados...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 06:20

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Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 01:20

... straightforward and vibrant like vocabulary, especially when the latter tends towards the informal and slang. The mortar of language (grammar) is never so interesting as the bricks (vocabulary). ... a means of making sure that we have assimilated the grammatical points being illustrated. This Student Grammar of French is aimed at meeting all those needs. It is conceived in such a way that ... others. This grammar book takes as its basis the variety of French that oscillates between standard French – the French used for news broadcasts and in good-quality newspapers and magazines – and the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 23:20

... Tatu and Dan Moldovan Language Computer Corporation Richardson, Texas, 75080 United States of America marta,moldovan@languagecomputer.com Abstract This paper proposes a knowledge repre- sentation ... Salvo Braz, R. Girju, V. Punyakanok, D. Roth, and M. Sammons. 2005. An Inference Model for Semantic Entailment in Natural Language. In Pro- ceedings of AAAI-2005. S. Harabagiu and D. Moldovan. ... the car in the garage LOCATION SR(John,garage). John is near the car behind the garage LOCATION SR(John,garage)). 6 Temporal Axioms One of the types of temporal axioms that we load in our logic...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... Translating a Unification Grammar with Disjunctions into Logical Constraints Mikio Nakano and Akira Shimazu* NTT Basic Research Laboratories 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi 243-0198 Japan ... unification-based approach is that it enables us to describe grammar declaratively, making the development and amendment of grammar easy. Analysis systems that are based on unification gram- mars can ... presented a method for translating a grammar formalism with disjunctive information that is based on path equations and lists of pairs of labels and values into logical-constraint-based grammar representations,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 18:20

... make database languages more like natural language. However Prolog is much more general than relational database formalisms, in that it permits data to be defined by general rules having ... "top-down" approach, as reallsed in the language Prolog, has a great deal in common with the relational approach to databases, which can be seen as the result of a "bottom-up" effort to make ... ISSUES IN NATURAL LANGUAGE ACCESS TO DATABASES FROM A LOGIC PROGRAMMING PERSPECTIVE David H D Warren Artificial Intelligence Center SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA I INTRODUCTION...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... concentrating all knowledge about all of an object's names as facts about the best name. Frail will take as input a simple frame representation and translate it into predicate-calculus ... relative clauses. P~t~erences [1] F. Pereira & D. Warren, "Definite clause grammar for language analysis - a survey of the formalism and a comparison with augmented transition networks," ... Charniak, " ;A neat theory of marker passing," AAAI-86 (1986). [4] Henry Kautz & James Allen, "Generalized plan recog- nition," AAAI-86 (1986). [5] Jerry R. Hobbs &...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... the grammar. The grammatical framework in which these ideas have been implemented is Uaificatioa Cat- egorial Grammar (UCG) and its semantic repre- sentation language InL, both developed as ... unification-based grammars has several advan- tages (cf. also Calder et al 1986, Calder 1987). To begin with, the use of data typing allows one to show whether a grammar is consistent with a ... An Information-Based Approach to Syntaz and Se- mantics. Volume 1: Fundamentals. Stanford, Ca.: Center for the Study of Language and Informa- tion. Pollard, C. and Sag, I. A. [1988] An...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 10:20

... ~ A may be 40 M. Marcus, 1991. "Very Large Annotated Database of America~ English". DARPA Speech and Naawal Language Workshop, ~ Grove, Morgan Kaufmarm. F. Pereira and Y. Schabes, ... Reestimation from Partially Bracketed Corlmra', Proceedings ACY., 92, Newark. P. Resnik, 1992. "Probabilistic Tree-Adjoining Grammar as a Framework for Statistical Natural Language ... the Air Travel Information System (ATIS) spoken language corpus. Preliminary experiments yield 96% test set parsing accuracy. 1 Motivation As soon as a formal grammar characterizes a non-...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 10:20

... constants In Datalog, a term is either a constant or a variable. Datalog is an untyped language, so a predicate can be applied to arbitrary terms. However, to make a Datalog sentence meaningful, ... trace Interaction rules Analysis database Logic Engine Figure 2.1: Analysis framework 2.2 Analysis framework The MulVAL core analysis fra mework is shown in Figure 2.1. An analysis database is a collection ... vulnerability that matches the pattern. An underscore-led variable such as AttackSrc is an anonymous variable in Datalog — one that appears only once in a clause, and thus whose value do es not matter....

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 21:20

... the Grammar Matrix as a crosslinguistic resource, as one goal of the Grammar Matrix is to reduce the cost of developing precision grammars. The fact that a grammar capable of assigning valid analy- ses ... that have not yet been analyzed (cf. Bald- win et al, 2005). 5 Conclusion This paper has presented a precision, hand-built grammar for the Australian language Wambaya, and through that grammar ... Wambaya, illustrating its semantic represen- tations and analyses and measuring its performance against held-out data. I hope to have shown the grammar to be reasonably substantial, and thus an interesting...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 01:20

... emphasize that the predicate is intransitive and it may have a locative adjunct. Similarly, a T.OBJECT link is added from “kitap” to “okudu˘gum”. Similar labels were added to the treebank manually ... for ap- proximately 800 sentences. (9) a. Uyudu˘gum araba yandı. Sleep+PASTPART car burn+PAST. The car I slept in burned. b. Okudu˘gum kitap yandı. Read+PASTPART book burn+PAST. The book I read ... categorial and phrase structure grammars. In Language and Information ed. Bar-Hillel, Addison- Wesley, pages 99–115. Yehoshua Bar-Hillel. 1953. A quasi-arithmetic descrip- tion for syntactic description....

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 06:20

... backtrack implementation [22]. Rigorous definitions of grammar formalisms can and should be made available. Looking at grammar formalisms as just a special case of computer languages, we can ... obvious superfi- cial similarily between designing a grammar formalism and designing a programming language, the design techniques used for grammar formalisms have almost always fallen short with ... purpose contain an operation of feature generalization, not available in those grammar formalisms, that can be used to give a partial account of the effect of coordination on syntactic features....

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 01:21