a latent class approach to residential customers of yorkshire water

... no gold standard available Luckily, the Bayesian approach allows us to automatically select values for the hyperparameters by treating them as additional variables in the model We augment the ... parameters θ, some observed variables w (the linguistic input), and some latent variables t (the hidden structure) The goal is to assign appropriate values to the latent variables Standard approaches ... this paper, we have demonstrated that, for a standard trigram HMM, taking a Bayesian approach to POS tagging dramatically improves performance over maximum-likelihood estimation Integrating over...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... material are those of the authors and not necessarily reflect the views of DARPA or NSF References Eugene Charniak and Mark Johnson 2005 Coarse -to ne n-best parsing and maxent discriminative reranking ... Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 173–180, Stroudsburg, PA, USA Proceedings of ACL James Clarke and Mirella Lapata 2008 Global inference ... The absolute difference of the compression ratio of the candidate sentence with that of the first ranked candidate This is because we try to avoid a very large or small compression ratio, and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 18:20

... Hyderabad, India, January William A Woods 1970 Transition network grammars for natural language analysis Communications of the ACM, 13(10):591–606, October Gerald Gazdar 1988 Applicability of indexed ... grammar: An approach to gap resolution in analytic-language translation In Proceedings of The Third International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, volume 1, pages 80–87, Hyderabad, ... in analytic languages by incorporating CCG with a memory mechanism In the memory mechanism, fillers and gaps are stored as modalities that modalize a syntactic category The fillers and the gaps are...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 21:20

... in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) Masaaki Nagata, Kuniko Saito, Kazuhide Yamamoto, and Kazuteru Ohashi 2006 A clustered global phrase reordering model for statistical machine translation ... Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics Conference (HLT/NAACL) Hany Hassan, Khalil Sima’an, and Andy Way 2007 Supertagged phrase-based statistical machine ... 23(3) Andreas Zollmann and Ashish Venugopal 2006 Syntax augmented machine translation via chart parsing In Proceedings of the Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation, HLT/NAACL Andreas Zollmann...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 16:20

... possible to give a syntactic definition of a speech act, how can the notion of speech acts be integrated into a formal, and in particular, a computational analysis of d i s c o u ~ ? The natural alternative ... properties, statement ON SITUATION-TYPES There are various ways that a word or phrase can count as an operation on a situation-type For example, an utterance or part of an utterance could (a) take a whole ... situations, beliefs about situations, natural language descriptions -of situations, cte are actually situation-typeS, which arc partial functions characterizing various types of situattons (Cf Barwise (198I)...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 01:21

... this level of success as an indication of the feasibility of our data-driven, modular approach Additionally, our approach has the advantage of wide coverage Since it does not require an extensive ... depth: WH cat: WTI lea: join cat: mother cat: daughter catl: daughter cat2: daughter cat3: daughter cat4: daughter cat5: daughter cat6: - daughter cat7: GAP-3 WHADVP why SBARQ VP VB SBAR SBAR UNDEFINED ... Data The data on which the classifiers are trained and tested is an extract of 7915 sentences from the Penn Treebank (Marcus et al., 1993), which are tagged to indicate the location of WH gaps...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:20

... I argue that scholars can situate what people characterize as religious, spiritual, mystical, magical, superstitious, and so forth in relation to larger processes of meaning making and valuation, ... things in a class SetT ting something apart in this way marks it as special; we can refer to this process as one of “singularization” (Kopytoff 1986) In contrast to Pargament and Mahoney (2005, ... an interactive approach allows us to conceptualize everyday explanations as an interpretive process involving negotiation and contestation at every level In arguing against the sui generis approach...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 12:43

... doi:10.1016/j.na.2005.06.028 Bae, J-H, Park, W-G: On a cubic equation and a Jensen-quadratic equation Abstr Appl Anal 2007 (2007) Article ID 45179 Găvruta, P: A generalization of the Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability of approximately ... stability of Jensen’s functional equation J Inequal Pure Appl Math (2003) Article doi:10.1186/1029-242X-2011-82 Cite this article as: Bae and Park: A fixed-point approach to the stability of a ... Bae and Park Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2011, 2011:82 http://www.journalofinequalitiesandapplications.com/content/2011/1/82 Page of for all x, y, z, w Î X Thus, the mapping F satisfies...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... vector of length equal to the channel memory, used to set the final ISI state of the current data burst to a known value At the same time, this also sets the initial ISI state of the next data ... Channel MSE of blind Gaussian mixture-based equalization at Bd T = 10−2 Table 1: Saleh-Valenzuela model parameters 100 Parameter and units Intercluster arrival rate (1/s) Intercluster decay ... cluster and ray delay In our simulations, the parameters of the Saleh-Valenzuela channel model are given in Table Therefore, assuming rectangular transmit and receive pulse shaping as well as perfect...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 16:20

... approach to the stability of an equation of the square spiral,” Banach Journal of Mathematical Analysis, vol 1, no 2, pp 148–153, 2007 14 S.-M Jung and J M Rassias, “Stability of general Newton ... “Approximate homomorphisms,” Aequationes Mathematicae, vol 44, no 2-3, pp 125–153, 1992 11 Th M Rassias, “On the stability of functional equations and a problem of Ulam,” Acta Applicandae Mathematicae, ... Differential Equations and Their Applications, Birkh¨ user, Boston, Mass, USA, 1998 a S.-M Jung, Hyers-Ulam-Rassias Stability of Functional Equations in Mathematical Analysis, Hadronic Press, Palm Harbor,...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 11:20

... Hyers-Ulam-Rassias Stability of Functional Equations in Mathematical Analysis, Hadronic Press, Palm Harbor, Fla, USA, 2001 [10] Th M Rassias, “On the stability of functional equations and a problem of ... paper, we will adopt the idea of C˘ dariu and Radu [12] and prove the Hyersa Ulam-Rassias stability and the Hyers-Ulam stability of the Volterra integral equation (1.2) Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability ... of approximately additive a ¸ mappings,” Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, vol 184, no 3, pp 431–436, 1994 [6] D H Hyers, G Isac, and Th M Rassias, Stability of Functional Equations...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... Practical Nonparametric Statistics, Wiley, New York, NY, USA, 1980 M A Chaudhry and S M Zubair, On A Class of Incomplete Gamma Functions with Applications, Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, Fla, ... m is the Nakagami-m fading i α parameter We have used the Nakagami-m fading model since it can represent a wide range of multipath channels via the m parameter For instance, the Nakagami-m distribution ... hypothesis that data has a normal distribution with unspecified mean and variance against the alternative data that does not have a normal distribution This test compares the empirical distribution of the...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... out to be a natural alternative to the MAP approach proposed by Foulley and Gianola !8! The main advantage of the MAP approach lies in both its conceptual and computational simplicity Part of ... J.L., San Cristobal M., Gianola D., Im S., Marginal likelihood and Bayesian approaches to the analysis of heterogeneous residual variances in mixed linear Gaussian models, Comput Stat Data Anal 13 ... variance-covariance matrix of data by a Taylor expansion about small intra -class correlations Moreover, as pointed out by Knuiman and Laird !27!, u solutions to equation (26) have no clear justification An...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:21

... (16,16dimethyl-PGF 2a) was prepared in ethanol (2 ng/μL) and was added to all composite standards at a final concentration of 100 pg/μL Chromatograms for standards were used to establish characteristic ... 3:570-579 Sato T, Konomi K, Fujii R, Aono H, Aratani S, Yagishita N, Araya N, Yudoh K, Beppu M, Yamano Y, Nishioka K, Nakajima T: Prostaglandin EP2 receptor signalling inhibits the expression of matrix ... Takabatake M, Hishinuma T, Suzuki N, Chiba S, Tsukamoto H, Nakamura H, Saga T, Tomioka Y, Kurose A, Sawai T, Mizugaki M: Simultaneous quantification of prostaglandins in human synovial cell-cultured...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 17:22

... Education Standards for educational and psychological testing Washington, DC: American Educational Research Association; 1999 30 American Psychological Association., American Educational Research ... separated the patient and professional groups in order to facilitate frank discussion, and broad and rapid brainstorming To maximize the richness and depth of the data obtained, we used a nominal ... interview data at a number of stages of development Quantify variations in the effects of low back pain across a broad • Cluster analysis to identify score profiles and qualitative confirmation of these...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:20

... probability of default during a period as a function of the rating of a company These probabilities of default are in fact historical probabilities of default as they are based on the observations ... empirical data the i-th order statistic is the i-th smallest value of a statistical sample 42 2.3.1 Concordance Informally, the concordance of a pair of random variables measures if ‘large’ values of ... then all the data are perfectly discordant A value of of the Spearman’s ρ means that we cannot extract any concordance or discordance from the data 2.3.4 Application These dependence parameters are...

Ngày tải lên: 03/10/2015, 20:30

... “Classes of transformations and bordering transformations,” Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, vol 57, pp 223–237, 1951 P G˘avrut a, A generalization of the Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability ... stability of approximately additive mappings,” Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, vol 184, no 3, pp 431–436, 1994 L C˘adariu and V Radu, “On the stability of the Cauchy functional equation: ... mapping in Banach modules,” Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, vol 275, no 2, pp 711–720, 2002 19 Th M Rassias, “On a modified Hyers-Ulam sequence,” Journal of Mathematical Analysis...

Ngày tải lên: 20/12/2015, 08:14

... T, Sawodny O, Ederer M & Heyer AG (2010) Mathematical modelling of the central carbohydrate metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana reveals a substantial regulatory influence of vacuolar invertase ... C24 and Col-0, which has a freezing tolerance similar to that of [6] Given that starch plays an important role as a major integrator in the regulation of plant growth [25], it is noticeable that, ... exchange measurement Exchange rates of CO2 were measured with an infrared gas analysis system (Uras G; Hartmann & Braun AG, Frankfurt am Main, Germany) A whole-rosette cuvette design was used as...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 22:20

... prepositio'~aT-~rase rather than as an adverbial phrase No attempt is made to show any paraphrase relationships Putative deleted or a 161 either close a previously opened adjective phrase and continue an already ... of the T-tag look up procedure against samples of the corpus that have been manually parsed accordiug to the rules contained in the Case Law Manual ~here alternative T-tags are assigned for any ... schematic diagram: WORD TAGGED CORPUS -~ T-TAG A~ IGNFLENT (PARTIAL PARSE) -~ BRACKET CLOSING AND T-TAG SELECTION - ~ CONSTITUENT ANALYSIS Phrasal ,nd clausal categories and boundaries are assigned...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 09:20

... a specialization of InsecureFilesystemFault, the collection of faults had by programs that can be made to yield a copy of a filesystem to an unauthorized user There are 683 classes of vulnerability ... users a deep analysis of the state of their network, particularly by demonstrating feasible attack plans that could be launched against it Widespread application of CycSecure and adoption of its ... (doGetCodeToExecuteAsOn ?AG HackersPacketSniffer ?PRV ?S) (waitForOccurrenceOfEventOfType ?AG (LogInToAccountOnFn ?A ?S)) (sniffAccountLoginInformation ?AG ?A ?S)))))5 This rule says that one way to acquire...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20