a guide to clinical neurology second edition

... the target organ (e.g in measles, rubella and varicella) Local symptoms are due to the cell damage caused by virus replication in the target organ leading to inflammatory reactions (coryza, croup) ... THERAPY AND PROPHYLAXIS Some progress has been made in the development of antiviral drugs in recent years Main obstacles to a rapid breakthrough seem to be the rather late appearance of symptoms ... (indirect) haemagglutination Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (polyoma virus) RIA RIBA RSV RT-PCR Radioimmunoassay Radioimmunoblot assay Respiratory syncytial virus Reverse transcriptase polymerase...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:21

... NEURAMINIDASE The new anti-influenza drugs have a significant advantage compared with amantadine of inhibiting both influenza A and B viruses Relenza is rather poorly absorbed after oral dosing and has to ... Threats of bioterroism will lead to evaluation of drugs against smallpox such as cidofovir and against viruses which cause haemorrhagic fevers such as Lassa and Ebola Influenza has recently been added ... Zidovudine and other dideoxynucleoside analogues Protease inhibitors Mutations in M2 gene (amantadine) and possibly in HA gene and NA genes (oseltamivir and zanamivir) Fortunately NA mutants are less able...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:21

... usually 7–14 days, but may vary from to more than 30 days The disease typically starts with a prodromal phase of a few days’ duration The patient has fever and complains of myalgia Constipation ... replication is initiated by RNA transcription into negative strands to act as templates for new viral RNAs From the viral RNA a large polyprotein is made, which later is cleaved to generate the capsid ... may occur alone (in about 10% of all patients with paralysis) or as a mixed bulbospinal form This localization may lead to involvement of cranial nerves with paralysis of pharyngeal muscles and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:21

... prodromal rhinitis and hoarseness The patient has dysphagia and a higher fever than in viral croup and a toxic appearance The epiglottis appears enlarged and inflamed on inspection Respiratory distress ... composition and to some extent in cytopathogenicity and clinical manifestations EPIDEMIOLOGY Parainfluenzaviruses to are ubiquitous and infect the respiratory tract There is some seasonal variation ... severe cases cyanosis, listlessness and apnoea may occur RSV bronchiolitis and pneumonia are often difficult to differentiate, and many infants appear to have both Chest radiographs may be normal,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:21

... A quantitative PCR or additional tests for CMV are usually required to establish an aetiological diagnosis Tests are available for CMV IgM and IgG antibodies A latex agglutination test is available ... deterioration of consciousness VZV may also play some direct part in cerebellar ataxia, thought to be mainly immunological Ataxia usually starts week after appearance of the rash and is a benign ... PROPHYLAXIS Foscarnet, a pyrophosphate analogue and ganciclovir, a nucleoside analogue with a modified pentose, have anti-CMV activity and are in clinical use both in prophylaxis (transplantations) and in...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:21

... The most prominent symptoms in this phase are fever, headache, muscular and abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting and sometimes arthralgia Hepatomegaly and leukopenia are often present during ... serum alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) and serum aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) Differential diagnosis It is not possible to differentiate between hepatitis A and acute hepatitis caused by other ... hepatocellular pattern of liver test abnormalities (elevated AST and ALT with slight or no elevation of alkaline phosphatase) should lead to a diagnosis of hepatitis rather than biliary disease...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:21

... Byelorussia, Bulgaria, China, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Russia, Romania, Slovenia, ... THERAPY AND PROPHYLAXIS No specific therapy is available Vaccines are available and have been used with high efficacy In enzootic/endemic areas clothing may be used to avoid vector bites LABORATORY ... Department of Health and Human Services, USA and the British HIV Association No vaccine is available against HIV infection A number of potential HIV vaccine candidates are under clinical trials...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:21

... inspiration for this edition To my children, Alon Samuel Bernstein, merchant, and Talya Bernstein Galaganov, lawyer and mother of my grandchildren, Sima Galaganov and Haya Galaganov, and her husband, ... whereby an attorney would have to report a therapist for an ethical mistake or violation We have always made ourselves available for consultation when a mental health Preface professional has a question ... involved usually have staff available to answer questions In addition, all malpractice carriers, ever anxious to avoid litigation, and knowing that ethical canons can be introduced into evidence to indicate...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 02:20

... production by a single myosin motor domain bound to actin The myosin motor domain comprises a catalytic domain and a regulatory domain The catalytic domain contains an ATP site and an actin-binding ... as -adrenoceptor agonists, angiotensin II, serotonin and vasopressin, and vasodilators such as -adrenoceptor agonists, vasoactive intestinal peptide and calcitonin generelated peptide These agents ... central part in vessel adaptation, being strategically located to serve in a sensory capacity, assessing haemodynamic and humoral signals as well as eliciting responses that may eventually aVect...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 20:21

... A Guide to Clinical Management and Public Health Response for Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A Guide to clinical management and public health ... progression to ANS, and subsequently to devastating pulmonary oedema Retrospective analysis of IVIG-treated cases in Taiwan (China) and Sarawak, Malaysia, seen during earlier outbreaks, appear to demonstrate ... tachycardia, tachypnea, hypertension and hyperglycemia, are at risk of rapid progression to cardiopulmonary failure (13, 18) Abnormal heart rate variability (19) (an indicator for ANS dysregulation) and...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 09:20

... carelessly and negligently owned and operated and maintained and controlled the said real property and particularly a shopping cart thereof, and the said cart was at said time and place in a dangerous ... customer, present at that certain real property, a Ralph’s Market, located at 1725 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, California, and that at said time and place, the defendants, and each of them, carelessly ... guaranteed by the fourteenth amendment, and a claim that such refusal violated the Pennsylvania constitutional prohibition against impairment of contract, and a claim that a refusal of such a...

Ngày tải lên: 13/10/2016, 11:18

... often provides valuable pedagogical information for the student and may also be more readable than more recent, and more compact, papers An additional advantage is that the reader can easily reproduce ... Multi-histogram method 7.4 Broad histogram method 7.5 Transition matrix Monte Carlo 7.6 Multicanonical sampling 7.6.1 The multicanonical approach and its relationship to canonical sampling 7.6.2 Near ... particular model actually represents a real material on which experiments are done Since analytical treatments also usually require mathematical approximations whose accuracy is difficult to assess or...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 09:20

... your application needs the ability to automatically upload data to online forms This chapter teaches you how to write webbots that fill out forms Chapter 7: Managing Large Amounts of Data Spiders ... Internet as a common protocol between these databases, analyzes data on both systems, and exchanges the appropriate data to synchronize the two databases Final Thoughts Studying browser limitations ... parsing, it’s time to explore the advanced features available with regular expressions and to know when, or when not, to use them Chapter 6: Automating Form Submission To truly automate web agents,...

Ngày tải lên: 29/05/2014, 22:43

... employees, contractors and subcontractors working at the event, health and safety has to be managed It is of fundamental importance to appreciate that planning for effective health and safety management ... calculated by dividing the total area available to the audience (in m2) by 0.5 Example: an outdoor site measuring 100 x 50 m with all areas available to the audience could accommodate a maximum ... adequate means of escape from all areas Consult the fire authority and local authority at an early stage Further guidance in relation to the spectator and ancillary areas is given in the Guide to...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 16:53

... Cheng-I Huang, Maqsoodul Mannan, Ashok Mehta, Dick Herlein, Rita Glover, Ming-Hwa Wang, Subramanian Ganesan, Sandeep Aggarwal, Albert Lau, Samir Sanghani, Kiran Buch, Anshuman Saha, Bill Fuchs, Babu ... the operand Binary operators appear between two operands Ternary operators have two separate operators that separate three operands a = ~ b; // ~ is a unary operator b is the operand a = b && ... dimensions Arrays of nets can also be used to connect ports of generated instances Each element of the array can be used in the same fashion as a scalar or vector net Arrays are accessed by []...

Ngày tải lên: 09/04/2016, 23:22

... International and political environment Some team members may need to be familiar with applicable international, national, regional, and local laws and customs, as well as the political climate that ... such as automotive, chemical, agriculture, and financial services Each application area generally has a set of accepted standards and practices, often codified in regulations The International ... planning, tactical planning, and operational planning Organizational structures, organizational behavior, personnel administration, compensation, benefits, and career paths Health and safety practices...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 01:20

... NEURAMINIDASE The new anti-influenza drugs have a significant advantage compared with amantadine of inhibiting both influenza A and B viruses Relenza is rather poorly absorbed after oral dosing and has to ... replication in the target organ leading to inflammatory reactions (coryza, croup) or organ failure/dysfunction (icterus) Systemic symptoms (fever, malaise, myalgia) are secondary to release into ... T-lymphocytes also contributes to the inflammatory response Clinical signs are local inflammatory reactions such as oedema, hyperaemia and seromucous secretions, and general reactions such as leukocytosis...

Ngày tải lên: 10/04/2014, 10:57

... often have harmless aluminium salts as adjuvants Lastly, clinicians should know if additive-free versions of allergy vaccines are available in case a patient is adamantly opposed to particular additives ... clinical history that dates over a century, a high vaccination rate of infants in the industrialized world, and an availability of annual vaccines against influenza, immunization efforts are by far ... immunotherapy in young children J Allergy Clin Immunol 1994, 94:662-665 Ragusa FV, Passalacqua G, Gambardella R, Campanari S, Barbieri MM, Scordamaglia A, Canonica GW: Nonfatal systemic reactions to...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 21:20

Ngày tải lên: 25/04/2016, 14:09