a general transducer for teaching

... operation en- visaged, the parameters can be set to a ccmbination of serial or parallel and one-pass or iterate. In all, 4 different combinations are possible : parallel and one-pass parallel ... with a means of expressing information in a format close to the linguistic theory they are familiar with. GIT has been developed for teaching purposes and cannot be considered as a system for ... G~T : A GENERAL TRANSDUCER FOR TEACHING C~TIONAL LINGUISTICS P. Shann J.L. Cochard Dalle Molle Institute for Semantic and Cognitive Studies University of Geneva Switzerland ABSTRACT The...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 01:21

... framework 10. A general framework for studying class consciousness and class formation In one way or another, most class analysts believe that at the core of class analysis is a relatively simple causal ... and class formation, but rather as a framework for de®ning an agenda of problems for empirical research within class analysis. In the multivariate empirical studies of class conscious- ness and ... ®rst explain limitation and transformation. Figure 10.3 illustrates the general abstract relation between limitation and transformation: structures impose limits on practices; practices transform...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 07:20

... Essen- tially, the goal is to use a language for which named entity recognition software is readily available as a reference for tagging named entities in a language for which such software is not available. ... fact that names are sometimes split differently in Arabic and English. The Arabic (2 words) is generally written as Abdallah in English, leading to partial matches with part of the Arabic name. ... transcription and a candidate English transliter- ation. The method requires a manual enumeration of the possible transliterations for each katakana sym- bol, which is unfeasible for many language...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

... Indian religion is known as Brahmanism. Brahma, an impersonal essence, is conceived as the primal existence. Forth from Brahma emanated, as heat and light emanate from the sun, all things and ... and Lapps, and the Basques, in Europe; (5) the Esquimaux and the American Indians. Languages of these peoples are monosyllabic or agglutinative. (Note that the Malays and American Indians ... Negroid and Australoid.) YELLOW RACE (Turanian, or Mongolian). (1) The Chinese, Burmese, Japanese, and other kindred peoples of Eastern Asia; (2) the Malays of Southeastern Asia, and the inhabitants...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 22:20

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Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 23:51

... learning approach that we use is that it is simpler and more general than that of Ando and Zhang (2005) and Suzuki and Isozaki (2008). Their methods dictate a particular choice of model and training ... certain word representations are preferable for certain tasks. Lin and Wu (2009) finds that the representations that are good for NER are poor for search query classification, and vice-versa. We apply ... improve generalization accuracy. Semi-supervised models such as Ando and Zhang (2005), Suzuki and Isozaki (2008), and Suzuki et al. (2009) achieve state-of-the-art accuracy. However, these approaches...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... discourages or even punishes collaboration, because it fears the heightened potential for plagiarism in a collaborative effort. Such a teaching method encourages learners who already share the teacher‘s ... Instructional Material  Does the material match your educational goals? What additional materials will you need to give to students?  Does the material present information in a variety of ways, ... inspirational essays by UC-Berkeley teaching assistants on inclusive teaching, as well as an engaging article by a faculty member reflecting on his many years of teaching experience. It also...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 09:20

... intonation to Vietnamese EFL learners The pronunciation mistakes made by people learning to speak a foreign language are almost always carry-overs from their native languages. Through a comparison ... are restricted to social dialects on four levels: mature, casual, standard, and good (according to Joos’s criteria). Vietnamese is used as the native language and English as the target language. ... intonation of American English, Ann Arbor. P107Brazil, D., Coultard, M., and Johns, C. 1980. Discourse Intonation and language teaching, Longman, 1945. [2] C. Fries, Charles, Teaching and Learning...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 12:20

... Development and Function in Cephalopods 71 TABLE 1. A general scale of maturity stages for male and female cephalopods. (AG = accessory glands, oviducal glands, NG = nidamental glands, SG = spermatophoric gland, SP ... are usually dull white. Gonad has semi- transparent dull-white lamina. Oocytes are simple follicles. Gonad is large, opaque and appear granular. Oocytes are at intercalary and proto- plasmic growth phase. AG are completely formed and usually white. IV 1. First mature eggs appear in coelom. IV-2. Mature eggs accumu- lation in coelom (includes stage ... not distinguishable before simple follicle formation in Octopoteuthis sicula, Sepia bertheloti and Abraliopsis atlantica. In Argonauta argo and Pteriqioteutnis gemmata, at the stage when the simple follicle nucleoli start decomposing, they acquire a characteristic blot shape...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 16:20

... Association for Computational Linguistics A Tree Transducer Model for Synchronous Tree-Adjoining Grammars Andreas Maletti Universitat Rovira i Virgili Avinguda de Catalunya 25, 43002 Tarragona, Spain. andreas.maletti@urv.cat Abstract A ... a special marker. Traditionally, the root label A of an auxiliary tree is replaced by A ∅ once adjoined. Since we assume that there are no auxiliary trees with such a root label, no further adjunction ... (2006) we assume that all adjunctions are mandatory; i.e., if an aux- iliary tree can be adjoined, then we need to make an adjunction. Thus, a derivation starting from an initial tree to a derived...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... about ProLiV can be found in (Gavrila et al, 2006) or in (Gavrila et al, TBA) and on 4 The animations integrated are for the LSA algorithm tested on an example and for matrix multiplication the ProLiV ... the information, but also sev- eral visualization methods (as images and anima- tions 4 ). Beside the lessons, there are implemented a term dictionary and an environment for testing LSA parameters. 4.1 ... algorithm 3. LSA Applications - It presents the applica- tion areas for the LSA, LSA limitations and critics. Also a comparison with other similar algorithms is made. 4. Compendium of Mathematics - It...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 02:20

... status of general health at follow-up for the eastern German LES sample. Table 21 presents the changes in general health for eastern German females. The risk of remaining in bad general health ... LES waves was associated with age and the presence of endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases at baseline. Increasing age was also associated with a higher likelihood of loss, as well as ... deceased was three percentage points higher among males, though without statistical significance. A statistically significant higher proportion of attrition was again valid for females as compared...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 13:20

... program is also utilized to create the aggregated data in addition to Flexagg7 or GTAPAgg7 program (used to make the aggregated data for Vietnam case). As a matter of fact, users can use programs ... model are mainly taken from the GTAP 7 Data Base which is in the file named as BASEDATA.HAR and GSDVOL.HAR. Since the data structure of GTAP-E are not similar to that of the Standard GTAP, GEMPACK ... Vietnam’s energy sector (MOIT and JICA 2008). The GTAP Satellite data and its aggregation program are also utilized for the standard dynamic GTAP 3 . Sectoral and Regional aggregation are similar...

Ngày tải lên: 26/03/2014, 14:07

... Fred Karlsson, and to Martin Kay, Ron Kaplan and Lauri Karttunen for fruitful ideas and for acquainting me with their research. REFERENCES Alam, Y., 1983. A Two-Level Morphological Analysis ... Instead of single characters, the automaton accepts character pairs. This automaton (and the automata for other rules) must accept the following sequence of pairs: i-I, a- a, s-s, i-e, I-j, A- a ... rules are implemented as finite state automata, as in an earlier model due to Martin Kay and Ron Kaplan. The two-level model has been implemented as an operational computer programs in several...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 17:20

... 2-place-relation is the body of a 2-place lambda whose variables, P and A, are associated with values obtained from a parameter and an argument against which a comparison is being made. Some example ... some arbitrary constant. In general, comparativizing a one-place predicate takes place as follows. 1. Find (a) an appropriate one-place function and (b) an associated relational operator ... A General Computational Treatment of Comparatives for Natural Language Question Answering Bruce W. Ballard AT&T Bell Laborotories 600 Mountain Avenue Murray Hill, N.J. 07974 Abstract...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 18:20