a framework for electronic commerce

... Toowoomba Qld 4350 Australia Mustafa.Ally@usq.edu.au Mark Toleman Department of Information Systems University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba Qld 4350 Australia Mark.Toleman@usq.edu.au Abstract ... means that, it should appear in a clear and explicit manner, drafted in a wording that attracts consumers’ attention and makes it understandable to an average consumer Accordingly, the explanations ... personal and financial information to a virtual storefront Equally importantly the financial risks involved in online transacting, namely through fraud and loss of purchase, have made consumers wary

Ngày tải lên: 27/09/2019, 18:51

... may change by adding, for instance, additional gold standards? In this paper, we introduce a probabilistic framework, QARLA, that addresses such issues. Given a set of manual summaries and another ... illustrations in Figure 1): (1) Given two automatic summaries a, a  and a similarity measure x, if a is more distant to all manual summaries than a  , then a cannot be better 281 than a  . Formally: ... evaluate automatic sum- maries (QUEEN measure), and (iii) test whether evaluating with that test-bed is reliable (JACK measure). 2 Formal constraints on any evaluation framework based on similarity

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 05:20

... PARADISE: A Framework for Evaluating Spoken Dialogue Agents Marilyn A. Walker, Diane J. Litman, Candace A. Kamm and Alicia Abella AT&T Labs Research 180 Park Avenue Florham Park, ... 07932-0971 USA walker, diane,cak,abella@research.att.com Abstract This paper presents PARADISE (PARAdigm for Dialogue System Evaluation), a general framework for evaluating spoken dialogue agents. ... calculate c2 for Agent A, assume that the average number of repair utterances for Agent A& apos;s subdialogues that repair depart-city is 6, that the mean over all compa- rable repair subdialogues

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 23:20

... Guidance for Industry PAT — A Framework for Innovative Pharmaceutical Development, Manufacturing, and Quality Assurance U.S Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration ... adopted for implementation To facilitate adoption or approval of a PAT process, manufacturers may request a preoperational review of a PAT manufacturing facility and process by the PAT Team (see ORA ... risk analysis and management is broader than what is discussed within the PAT framework and may form a system of its own See guidance for industry and FDA staff, General Principles of Software Validation

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 00:20

... standards for research quality and objectivity Foundations of Effective Influence Operations A Framework for Enhancing Army Capabilities Eric V Larson, Richard E Darilek, Daniel Gibran, Brian ... Real-Life Plans and What You Can Learn from Them to Supercharge Your Own Campaigns, New York: American Management Association, 2004 Johnson-Cartee, Karen, and Gary Copeland, Inside Political Campaigns: ... Operations, Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation, MG-656 -A, forthcoming Larson, Eric V., Norman D Levin, Seonhae Baik, and Bogdan Savych, Ambivalent Allies? A Study of South Korean Attitudes Toward

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 23:20

... improvement can be achieved in a variety of ways For example, an organization can create a separate improvement program, employ external assistance and support, or use it as a managerial support ... self-assessment and improvement and (2) provides a standard against which an external evaluation of an organization can be conducted ITIM as a Tool for Organizational Improvement ITIM offers organizations ... Capability Maturity Model for Software6); • a maturity framework can serve as a valuable tool for organizations to improve... technical development and management processes; and

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 05:22

... standard formulae for the standard deviation for stationary means cannot be applied Fortunately, the rate of loss for most aircraft approaches an asymptotic limit As a result, the mean at any ... the Death Rates This trend is confirmed with A- 10 Fatality Rate and Cumulative Average Fatality Rate : a second plot, illustrating the Ị death rate for cach year, and the cumulative death rate ... Effectiveness Ratio and Total Training Resources 4 Chapter III: Optimization Framework and Computational Form 5 Chapter IIIA: Optimization Framework 5 Chapter IIIB: Computational Form 6 Chapter IV: Case

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 05:23

... Other drugs and substances that are legally available can cause serious harm The harmful use of inhalants, like petrol, paint and glue, can cause brain damage and death The misuse of pharmaceutical drugs can have serious ... Disadvantage and social isolation Drug use can have a significant impact on disadvantaged groups and lead to intergenerational patterns of disadvantage • There is strong evidence of an association ... coordinate and direct the then National Campaign Against Drug Abuse (1985–92) and have authority to deal with all drug-related matters It was also agreed that the National Drug Strategy would take a

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 20:20

... MBA FORGET YOUR A FRAMEWORK FOR BEING A MANAGER IN A CREATOR CULTURE Marcelo Somers Media Product Manager Sabre Holdings @marcelosomers behindcompanies.com [...]... problem can be a boat anchor ... insight and imagination This not only effects individuals, but happens to companies as they age - Steve Blank (http://bit.ly/eYkItr) MAKE YOUR CUSTOMERS Insanely Happy Revenue DON’T CHASE AT THE ... ..http://thefutureofthings.com/pod/243/microsoft-surface-computing.html THE ROLE OF A Manager “ A lot of startup talk seems to say that you should simply get a lot of smart people together and let them do whatever they want until

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:16

... clearing organizations and banks should be interested in this scholarly work, as should relevant national authorities and central banks.’ JOHN MCPARTLAND Financial Markets Advisor to the Federal ... strategies between clearing houses Classification... Multilateral Trading Facility not applicable National Association of Securities Dealers National Association of Securities Dealers Automated ... timely and well worth reading, given the many changes afoot in the areas of exchange regulation and clearing.’ HARVEYL.PITT Chief Executive Officer of Kalorama Partners and former Chairman of the

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 18:20

... as novation, netting and risk management, as well as transaction/position management, collateral management and cash management The scope of netting and risk management services that a ... a collateral shortfall, a collateral call is generated If there is collateral excess, a collateral release is... p 18 An organisation integrated in this way is often also referred to as ... assets against the exposure calculated as part of the risk management process.’94 Most importantly, collateral management ensures that margin requirements are covered by available collateral

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 18:20

... clearing status of transactions and monitoring margins via a single interface. At the same time, clearing houses update and replace their software and systems periodically, typically on a replacement ... necessary system adaptation. 49 They usually charge initial one-off, fixed annual or monthly payments, as well as fees for additional services. 46 A general distinction differentiates front- and back-office ... capital a clearing member has to bear in compliance with a clearing house’s risk management requirements can be regarded as an offset for the risk assumed by the CCP for the clearing members and

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 18:20

... have leaner management teams that are devoid of managers with a strategic interest and detailed cost view on clearing. Clearing is, after all, more of operational than strategic importance for most ... relevance of CCP clearing; Part 2 asked for concrete cost data and concerned the transaction cost analysis of derivatives clearing; Part 3 contained closed questions related to analysing demand- and ... gather quantitative cost data via the questionnaire was expected ex ante, a ‘workaround’ enabling a cost calcula- tion was devised. The workaround consisted of collecting qualitative infor- mation

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 18:20

... pertaining... the empirical study and provide a number of quantitative and qualitative transaction cost analyses These analyses generated important findings that are crucial for the remainder ... Clearing, ... cost categories All of these factors are detailed in the following paragraphs Whereas the validation of the data on clearing house charges revealed that the above-mentioned ... their total... related to European derivatives clearing and to provide a basis for analysing the impact that certain network strategies between clearing houses have on transaction costs,

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 18:20

... engage both in balance and off-balance activities Malkam¨ ki a (1999) and Schmiedel/Malkam¨ ki/Tarkka (2002) estimate translog cost functions for their studies, a relying on a broader sample ... depreciation The variables are based on publicly available information, which can be found 226 Clearing Services for Global Markets The analysis supports that decreasing average costs ... of transactions available for cross-margining Clearing members benefit from collateral management optimisation through savings in cost of capital and back -of ce costs Additionally, as more

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 18:20

... initiative still qualifies as a valuable case study analysis for various reasons: first and foremost, the link involves one of Europe’s largest... What theory reveals – framework for analysis ... proportional profit impact for regionally active clearers; clearing link, M& ;A and Single CCP initiatives lead to a disproportionately higher profit increase for regionally-to-globally active clearing ... various clearing houses. [...]... access to the away market: Many of the Asian brokerage firms tend to be smaller; they don’t have the capital of a Morgan Stanley or a Goldman Sachs,

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 18:20

... technical, operational and legal adaptations than CCorp. Although Phase II has not been implemented to date, both clearing houses had already started to engage in the development of necessary changes ... six-year amortisation period and long-term investments an amortisation period equal to or greater than seven years. 317 Checking theory against reality – case studies of network strategies adaptations ... direct access to US and European products. Additionally, it was agreed that subject to shareholder approval, CCorp would change its corpo- rate and capital structure, allowing Eurex to take a 15

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 18:20

... the data flows from one a client machine to another client machine via a centralized server Typically, the data are stored in a database on the server The database also contains information about ... list all the links for a particular page at the site) Log transactions that the users make These transaction files provide data that can be statistically analyzed to determine the general character ... are used to analyze the data in each video frame and across many video frames to mathematically represent the video in the smallest amount of data possible With audio streams sampling rates are...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 15:02

... issues A framework is just a starting place For any particular case or issue, it usually will be necessary to bring in additional considerations, facts and arguments in order to arrive at a conclusion ... that advanced maternal age (P35) is associated with an increased incidence Overview of complications of pregnancy, including diabetes, hypertension, abruptio placenta, placenta previa and Caesarean ... and language – concepts such as consciousness and self A paradigm example of a self-conscious individual would be a normal adult human being By contrast, lower animals that lack concepts and language...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 08:20

... process: Application: Transfer of the Washambaa agricultural system to Rwanda, adaptation, and re-transfer The Washambaa of the Usambara Mountains in Tanzania had developed a land use system emulating ... IK Application: Transfer of the Washambaa agricultural system to Rwanda adaptation and re-transfer The Washambaa of the Usambara Mountains in Tanzania had developed a land use system emulating ... participatory approaches are available for manual and computer use prepared by IIRR and CIKARD § case studies are available but could be packaged in a more user-friendly form § limited availability...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 10:20