a foundation for understanding constitutional law

... environmentally sound engineering and management practices, restoration of coastal areas, habitat restoration in upland areas, water quality efforts, watershed analysis/planning, and habitat creation ... the case of federal fishery management, are mandated by law to use the best available data The best available data principle sometimes creates a conflict for fishermen In the past, when managers ... Survival All animals produce more offspring than survive to adulthood This is a kind of biological insurance against the natural calamities all animals face Actually, for a fish species to maintain...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 13:20

... a particular syntactic category, such as proper noun or adverb, Montague was able to say that the meaning of a constituent of that category was a semantic object of such and such a type Montague's ... is clearly unchanged, s AA-57 departs from Boston depart (aa-57, bos~on) A. A-57 departs from Boston to Chicago conltecT, (aa-5T, besT,on chicago) AA-57 departs from Boston on Monday dday (aa-57, ... (1967 :A4 4): AA-57 departs from Boston after 8:00am greater (dtime (aa-5T, boston), 8:00am) A. A-57 departs from Boston before 8:00am greater (8:00am, dtlme (aa-5T boston)) Although Montague semantics has...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 17:20

... of approximation is called ‘the midpoint rule’ for calculating an approximate value of the area A Numerical integration (or numerical quadrature) is a whole subject devoted to calculating areas ... Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey ... Evaluate a b if a = ay and b = bx y (d) The aim of this part is to convince you that just as in normal algebra where a( b + c) = ab + ac, with scalar products a · (b + c) = a · b + a · c Look at...

Ngày tải lên: 10/06/2014, 22:31

... respectively that ca-1 + cao + cal = c (a- j faofal); instead commutative? (associative law) a- 1 + a0 + al = al + a0 + a- 1 of (distributive law) (a- 1 Sb-1) + (ao+b) + (al +bl) = (a- l+ao+al)+(b-l+bo+bl); ... Concrete Ma the- matics is a bridge to abstract mathematics “The advanced reader who skips parts that appear too elementary may miss more than the less advanced reader who skips parts that appear too ... a mathematician with excellent handwriting A handwritten rather than mechanical style is appropriate because people generally create mathematics with pen, pencil, PREFACE ix or chalk (For example,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 04:21

... ‘mod’ as a binary operation, just as addition and subtraction are binary operations Mathematicians have used mod this way informally for a long time, taking various quantities mod 10, mod 277, and ... when all terms are nonnegative, because we can prove the general case by breaking everything into real and imaginary, positive and negative parts as before Let’s assume therefore that oi,k for all ... warrant giving them special symbols, just as we have adopted special notations for rising powers as well as falling powers Mathematicians have long had both sine and cosine, tangent and cotangent,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 04:21

... congruences are almost like equations For example, congruence is an equivalence relation; that is, it satisfies the reflexive law a = a , the symmetric law a b =$ b E a , and the transitive law a E ... mathematical formulas that are easy to deal with? A bit of experimentation suggests that the best way is to maintain a x matrix that holds the four quantities involved in the ancestral fractions ... nm possible patterns appears at least once in this array of mN(m,n) strings, and some patterns appear more than once How many times does a pattern a~ a, ,-, appear? That’s easy: It’s the number...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 04:21

... the air The hats come back randomly, one hat to each of the n fans How many ways h(n, k) are there for exactly k fans to get their own hats back? For example, if n = and if the hats and fans are ... named A, B, C, D, the 4! = 24 possible ways for hats to land generate the following numbers of rightful owners: ABCD ABDC ACBD ACDB ADBC ADCB 2 1 BACD BADC BCAD BCDA BDAC BDCA 0 CABD CADB CBAD ... because the polynomial a0 -t al k + + a, kn can always be written as a Newton series CO(~) + cl (F) -t + c,(E) with c, = n! a, Many sums that appear to be hopeless at first glance can actually...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 04:21

... drone has one grandfather and one grandmother; he has one greatgrandfather and two great-grandmothers; he has two great-great-grandfathers and three great-great-grandmothers In general, it is easy ... induction that he has exactly Fn+l greatn-grandpas and F,+z greatn-grandmas Fibonacci numbers are often found in nature, perhaps for reasons similar to the bee-tree law For example, a typical sunflower ... name We have, for example, a0 + 1 a1 + ~ a2 + G = K(ao,al,az ,a3 ) -K(al,az ,a3 ) ' (6.135) The same pattern holds for continued fractions of any depth It is easily proved by induction; we have, for...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 04:21

... following problem: How many sequences (al ,a2 , al,,) of +1's and -1's have the property that al + a2 + + azn = and have all their partial sums al, al +a2 , al +a2 + +aZn nonnegative? There must be ... for rational functions tells us that the answer can be obtained from a partial fraction representation We can use the general expansion theorem (7.30) and grind away; or we can use the fact that ... the pattern.) There is no closed form for p(n), but the theory of partitions is a fascinating branch of mathematics in which many remarkable discoveries have been made For example, Ramanujan proved...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 04:21

... space, and we want to estimate the mean of a random variable X by sampling its value repeatedly (For exa.mple, we might want to know the average temperature at noon on a January day in San Francisco; ... person is reassigned to an adjacent state, each adjacent state being equally likely (Here’s a diagram of the adjacencies: The initial states are circled.) For example, Alice is restationed after the ... mean and variance are 36 and 996 Let’s get general: The problem we have just solved was “random” enough to show us how to analyze the case that we are waiting for the first appearance of an arbitrary...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 04:21

... Stirling’s approximation behaves for generalized factorials (and for the Gamma function r( a + 1) = a! ) exactly as for ordinary factorials Summation 4: A bell-shaped summand Let’s turn now to a sum that ... formula does give us O(n mP1 ) for arbitrarily large m, even though we haven’t evaluated any remainders explicitly Summation 1, again: Recapitulation and generalization Before we leave our training ... But in practice, we have no reason to believe that an adversary is trying to trap us, so we can assume that the unknown O-constants are reasonably small With a pocket calculator we find that S4...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 04:21

... aa2 -a a+ aa -a2 +a+ a > 0, which is a consequence of aa( a - a) + (1 + a) a ( + a) a > a2 - a Hence we can replace x, and a by a - and (3, repeating this transformation until cases or apply Another ... we have al ,a2 ,a3 , (al - a2 1 F = alF am bl, , bn al+l ,a2 ,a3 , ,am bl, , b, al ,a2 +l ,a3 , ,am 13 -wF( 514 ANSWERS TO EXERCISES because al - a2 = (a1 + k) -~ (al + k) If al - bl is a nonnegative ... present at the end of a month becomes a pair of adults aa at the end of the next month; and each pair aa becomes an The Fibonacci recurrence is additive, but the rabbits are multiplying A ANSWERS...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 04:21

... Frederick V Waugh and Margaret W Maxfield, “Side-and-diagonal numbers,” Mathematics Magazine 40 (1967), 74-83 279 298 Warren Weaver, “Lewis Carroll and a geometrical paradox,” American Mathematical Monthly ... 135 Samuel L Greitzer, International Mathematical Olympiads, 1959-1977 Mathematical Association of America, 1978 602 136 Oliver A Gross, “Preferential arrangements,” American Mathematical 604 ... Paul R Halmos, I Want to Be a Mathematician: An Automathography Springer-Verlag, 1985 Reprinted by Mathematical Association of America, 1988 v 143 G H Halphen, “Sur des, suites de fractions analogues...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 04:21

... international financial accounting and reporting standards, and the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board, which issues international auditing and assurance standards In addition, each ... There has long been a call for auditors to publicly share this kind of information in a national database, analogous to the National Transportation Safety Board, which collects data on accidents ... intrinsically reliable Monetary sampling is an area of audit research that has had a direct impact on audit practices, particularly in the 1980s when statistical-based sampling was widely adopted by accounting...

Ngày tải lên: 06/01/2015, 19:42

... become available for practice-based research and because of this a concomitant demand has appeared for the development of standards for such 34 A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING PRACTICE AS RESEARCH ... OSU’s Advanced Computing Center for the Arts and Design (ACCAD), OSU faculty member Maria Palazzi (ACCAD/Department of Design), and Norah Zuniga Shaw (ACCAD/Department of Dance) began a collaborative ... investigation of these inquiries in a manner that is satisfying both as theory and as an attempt to further understand and facilitate creative practice A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING PRACTICE AS RESEARCH...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:16

... designers can accommodate by arranging for slack storage within the network infrastructure plan Multi-fiber ribbon cables are gaining popularity as a valuable way to increase density per line card Without ... cables, but also reduces signal attenuation and enables service providers to realize fiber’s competitive advantage Most new-world equipment platforms feature modular line cards designed to ease ... connectivity Each time a new line card is added or upgraded, it is not uncommon to require substantial connectivity changes For example, to upgrade a line card, as many as to 16 connections may need...

Ngày tải lên: 04/12/2015, 03:52

... S290-295 Conde-Agudelo, A. , Rosas-Bermudez, A & Kafury-Goeta, A. C (2006) Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes: A meta-analysis Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), 295, ... Washington, DC: National Academy Press © 2013 March of Dimes Foundation Guidelines and References Page Preconception Health Promotion: The Foundation for a Healthier Tomorrow Jack, B.W & Atrash, ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2010) FDA licensure of bivalent human papillomavirus (HPV2, Cervarix) for use in females and updated HPV vaccination recommendations from the Advisory...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 15:20

... Discourse Anaphora Technical report, Bolt, Beranek, and Newman, 1978 [7] Ido Dagan and Alon Itai Automatic Acquisition of Constraints for the Resolution of Anaphora References and Syntactic Ambiguities ... [i] Chinatsu Aone, Hatte Blejer, Sharon Flank, Douglas McKee, and Sandy Shinn The Murasaki Project: Multilingual Natural Language Understanding In Proceedings of the ARPA Human Language Technology ... large corpora We will certainly incorporate such statistical data into our discourse KS's 162 Determining Backup Strategies If the main strategy for resolving a particular anaphor fails, a backup...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 07:20

... paediatrician, physiotherapist, speech and language therapist, occupational therapist and social services department Parents will be asked for their views again at this stage and can suggest any ... medical officer from health-related specialists such as a paediatrician, physiotherapist, occupational therapist or speech and language therapist Advisory teachers may also be involved – for example, ... cutlery may be advised if necessary Speech and language therapy assessment Speech and language therapists use a variety of standardized and non-standardized assessment tools Information will be gathered...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 15:20

... stack depends upon which domain plan schemata are available in a speaker's domain plan library, we assume that a rational agent would have a schema containing the plan to attend a conference, A ... data: 1) an extraction from a Japanese dialogue in the conference registration domain, and 2) an extraction from a Spanish dialogue in the travel agency domain SpA and SpB refer to Speaker A and ... of dialogue understanding [Litman and Allen, 1987] assumes a single plan library that contains the domain plans of the two speakers, and a shared plan stack mechanism to track the current plan...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 20:20