a difference equation and euler apos s continued fraction

... equation listed above suggests that the same potentially holds for similar rational equations We can deduce the following natural generalization of (1.1) and (1.4) Corollary Let s Î N+ and Zs ... generalized rational difference equations and present our conjectures for similar equations Preliminaries In this section, we introduce some basic but important preliminary lemmas and notation ... this paper, QX and GY corrected the main theorems XL participated in the design and coordination All authors read and approved the final manuscript Competing interests The authors declare that...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... China 2Department of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China Authors’ contributions JQ drafted the manuscript and have made outstanding contributions to this paper JD and TZ participated ... Z200 8A0 1) and the RFDP (No.20060422049), and The National Natural Science Youth Fund Project (51008190) Author details Department of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai ... Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to the referees for their valuable suggestions and comments The authors would like to express their hearty thanks to Professor Hongxun Yi for his valuable advice and...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 00:20

... it is our intention to derive a complete asymptotic and bifurcation analysis for our new equation and show that, among other things, our expectation is not quite true and perhaps such discrepancy ... Difference Equations, vol 2010, Article ID 143849, 19 pages, 2010 H Zhu and L Huang, “Asymptotic behavior of solutions for a class of delay difference equation, ” Annals of Differential Equations, vol ... then shows that b c / 1 a limk → ∞ x2k c/ − a and limk → ∞ x2k 10 Advances in Difference Equations c/ − a The Case Where λ c/ − a Then λ In this section, we assume that λ a c Lemma 5.1 Suppose...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 11:20

... multicast protocols must address for adaptation to MANETs Section gives various classifications of existing multicast routing protocols in MANETs and describes their characteristics Section explains ... becomes passive and uses a proxy in the core active node S2 No other pair of sources is separated by a hop distance of less than 2, and so eventually S1 becomes the active source, S3 a passive source, ... msmid is selected as the Sid A multicast session is initiated by a NEW-SESSION message sent by the Sid The NEWSESSION message includes the Sid s msm-id and the routing metrics Neighbor nodes receiving...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 22:20

... sequences was used to prove that the equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable for all values of parameters B and C Here, we want to establish the rate of this convergence The characteristic ... 02881-0816, sc USA E-mail address: senadak@pmf.unsa.ba M R S Kulenovi´ : Department of Mathematics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881c 0816, USA E-mail address: kulenm@math.uri.edu ... second author and Ladas obtained both local and global stability results for (1.2), (1.3), and (1.4) and found the region in the space of parameters where the equilibrium solution is globally asymptotically...

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 00:20

... purposes and is used as part of the standard clinical intake to measure patients' medical, employment, drug, legal, family and social relationships, and psychiatric problems For purposes of the data ... opioid abusers In a seminal study, Green and colleagues studied prescription substance abusers entering treatment using data from the NAVIPPRO™ system [20] Applying latent class analysis to this data, ... both animals and humans has, in fact, shown that faster infusion rates of many drugs of abuse, including cocaine [12], nicotine [13], sedatives (i.e pentobarbital and diazepam) [14,15], and morphine...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 18:20

... exists a positive constant A such that < zn A and so, by (24) we n→∞ have xn −ηxn−τ + A (25) Assume that {xn } is not bounded Then, there exists a subsequence {nk } of N, so that lim xnk = ∞ and ... Lalli and B G Zhang, Oscillation and comparison theorems for certain neutral delay difference equation, J Aus.tral Math Soc Vol 34 (1992) [7] B S Lalli, Oscillation theorems for certain neutral ... coefficients, Computers Math Applic Vol 33 (1997) [4] B S Lalli and B G Zhang and J Z Li, On the oscillation of solutions and existence of positive solutions of neutral delay difference equation, J Math...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 13:20

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 11:20

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 11:20

... diarrheal and respiratory diseases and thus may limit the weight loss associated with such illnesses Because of the midwife s years of health training and her ability to offer an array of curative and ... rendering supervisory visits from health center staff less necessary The basic measures of access to public and to private services—distances to the closest public and private facilities as reported ... J Strauss, and D Thomas 1999 “Health Care Prices, Health and Labor Outcomes: Experimental Evidence.” Santa Monica: RAND Entwisle, B., R Rindfuss, S Walsh, T Evans, and S Curran 1997 “Geographic...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 12:20

... inequalities are inadequate and it is necessary to seek some new Volterra-Fredholm type discrete inequalities so as to obtain desired results This paper is organized as follows First, we establish some ... other hand, as bi (s, t, m, n), ci (s, t, m, n) are nonincreasing in the last two variables, then one can see B (s, t, m, n) is also nonincreasing in the last two variables So, a suitable application ... research of solutions of certain difference equations, if the solutions are unknown, then it is necessary to study their qualitative and quantitative properties such as boundedness, uniqueness,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 00:20

... for Advanced Mathematics and Physics, National University of Science and Technology H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan Authors’ contributions All authors contributed equally to the manuscript and read and ... Commission of Pakistan for the Indigenous PhD Fellowship Author details Department of Mathematics and Statistics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia 2Center ... proofs using Weyl s fractional transform The article is organized as follows For completeness, in Sect we state some preliminaries and a general representation formula proved earlier in [1] In Sect...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... We say that a fuzzy number A is positive if suppA ⊂ (0, ∞) It is obvious that if A is a positive real number, then A is a positive fuzzy number and [A] a = [A, A], a ∈ (0,1] In this case, we say ... Applied Mathematics, vol 155, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1992 D Benest and C Froeschle, Analysis and Modelling of Discrete Dynamical Systems, Advances in Discrete Mathematics and Applications, vol ... La = Al ,a Ar ,a − Ca Da , Ar ,a − Ca k i=1 ci,l ,a , m j =1 d j,r ,a Ca = Ra = Da = Al ,a Ar ,a − Ca Da , Al ,a − Da k i=1 ci,r ,a m j =1 d j,l ,a (3.70) In addition, from (3.3) and (3.70), we get La...

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 00:20

... and Bacon; 2007 22 Merriam SB, and Associates: Qualitative research in practice: Examples for discussion and analysis San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers; 2002 23 Patton MQ: Qualitative research ... “Voices of Fear and Safety” Women s ambivalence towards breast cancer and breast health: a qualitative study from Jordan Hana Taha1,2,3* Email: hana.taha@ki.se Raeda Al-Qutob4,5 Email: raeda@johud.org.jo ... social stigmatization of the disease, and d) apprehensions about breast health examinations An incurable disease associated with suffering and death In all the FGDs women perceived breast cancer as...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 06:20

... HPSG for English The set is expanded by a rule reader into its corresponding possible ordered list descriptions Since Japanese case phrases are always postposed by a caseindicator, they are assigned ... documents? By so specifying the IFT, information absent in surface utterances such as zero anaphora are compensated for and in some cases multiple analyses are disambiguated (3-3), the surface analysis ... [HEARER ?HEARER] [RESTRS ([[RELN EMPATHY-DEGREE[ [STAN ?SPEAKER] [MORE ?Xl] [LESS ?XZ]]}]]]]) The surface analysis result such as (3-3) serves as an input to plan schemata called IFTSchemata that identify...

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 01:20

... methods, like scoring models and methods assessing qualitative and quantitative information The IIA s Standards state that internal audit activities should assist the organisation by identifying and ... assess the reliability of the accounting system and information and of resulting financial reports; • a compliance audit aims to assess the quality and appropriateness of the systems established ... ensure compliance with laws, regulations, policies and procedures; • an operational audit aims to assess the quality and appropriateness of other systems and procedures, to analyse the organisational...

Ngày tải lên: 11/03/2014, 02:20

... optical waveguide analyses Apparently, we were successful because the Japanese version has been well accepted by students in undergraduate, postgraduate, and Ph.D courses as well as by researchers ... Furthermore, an understanding of the wave equations and how they are solved helps us understand the optical waveguides themselves Since each analysis method has its own features, different methods are ... discusses their relations, and then derives explicit expressions for the quasi-TE and quasi-TM modes It shows formulations of Ex and Hy expressions for the quasi-TE (transverse electric) mode and...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 14:41

... functions, water quality and quantity and beneficial uses of riparian areas Ecosystem and Landscape Planning - Develop models and other analytical tools for assessing effects of various landscape patterns ... products; it has provided products for great corporations and small businesses, picnics and political rallies and produced paper for magazines and newspapers, novels and encyclopedias, poetry and art ... conservation of soil, air and water quality, wildlife and fish habitat and aesthetics Biomass will be used not only for building materials and paper and paperboard products, but also increasingly...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 02:20

... December 1983 and as having a managed ‡ oat since 1974, and New Zealand is de…ned as having a managed ‡ oat since 1985 and a de facto moving band around the Australian dollar between 1973 and 1985 ... previous literature on de facto classi…cations on exchange rate regimes, some studies have analysed the behaviour of individual variables such as exchange rates and interest rates in EMEs against ... (2005) assess the situation of adverse balance sheet e¤ects as eliciting a lower response of output to exchange rates In this case, there is less of a case for raising interest rates in the face...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 23:20

... where C is a geometrical factor of about 1.0 and L is the fault dimension, quantities estimated by our analysis Results for stress drop, total active arca and avcrage total slip are shown in Table ... earthquake as empirical Green s functions eliminates the effects of propagation through complex media, and makes it possible to separate propagation and source factors o n seismograms The simulated ... events have the same focal mechanism, we may assume a linear scaling between the two earthquakes; this is the basic self-similar assumption of the E G F method With this hypothesis, we can use...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20