a diachronic investigation of english courtroom practice

... not just a good command of the grammatical system of English but a wide lexical knowledge, a thorough understanding of the topic given and a repertoire of organizational skills Apart from a good ... has no real understanding of the lexis of the English language and just applies the grammatical rules mechanically, he will run the risk of producing grammatically correct but semantically inappropriate ... knowledge of current affairs or his specialist knowledge to come up with brilliant ideas that can attract and maintain readers’ attention As the writer is not in direct contact with readers and cannot...

Ngày tải lên: 21/07/2014, 20:20

... Elham Saadatian, Yoonsoon Choi, Ron Huang, Stefano Fasciani, Srikumar Karaikudi Subramanian and Suranga Nanayakkara In addition, I am grateful to the people outside Interactive Digital and Media ... Eunsu Kang, Professor Satoru Tokuhisa, Dr Hugo Solis, Ms Karolina Sobecka, Mr Rodeny Berry, Mr Kentaro Fujinuma, Mr Hisashi Ishihara, and Mr Yuta Nakayama Last but not least, as this thesis is also ... timing behaviour with sample-rate accuracy by the explicit control of the advance of logical time, a time-consuming task that hinders the advance of logical time can easily cause the temporary suspension...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:17

... of that method of travelling are - What the disadvantages are And say if you think you will use that means of transport more or less often in the future, and why Talk about a day trip you have ... you are interested in that language And say if you think it is more or less difficult to learn than English and your language, and why Talk about one method of learning a foreign language you have ... person’s character is like - What they are doing at the moment And say which other relative of yours they are most similar to Talk about a pet you have or have had You should mention: -Its appearance...

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2012, 11:45

... metaphorical - Grammatical metaphor can be classified into logical, experiential, interpersonal and textual metaphor - Nominalization and verbalization are essential in creating grammatical metaphor An ... like, for example, Lakoff and Johnson have revealed that metaphors play an important part in colloquial language and everyday use Lakoff and Johnson have found that “metaphor is conceptual system, ... Language and Social Context, Levels of Context, Levels of Language, Metafunction, Instantiation, Rank and Nominal Group Language and Social Context Systemic Functional Grammar was established as a...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:44

... control B Pair work What features you think are important for these products? A camera an MP3 player a cell phone a TV laptop computer A camera has to be lightweight and easy to use It should also ... a CD player a dishwasher B Pair work _ _ _ _ a DVD player a microwave oven a remote control a TV Compare your answer Give reasons An alarm clock is very important in my life It’s hard for ... to learn about two more products Activity B Join another pair Now explain your invention, and answer any questions Self-study For extra grammar, listening, and vocabulary practice, go to pages...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2013, 01:26

... eight criteria: Analysis of company performance a Current b Historical Analysis of competition Analysis of market share Analysis of mission a Implied tasks b Mission capability Analysis of existing ... Scott Haggins can talk for hours about the back corners of the industry in Calgary, Alberta, and all of Canada That is because they are out every day dealing with the details of what it takes to ... Information There is a wealth of information available to you for a situational analysis You may have a customer satisfaction survey that provides details on a range of vital items Use this information...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 09:20

... is only one Randall Training development companies such as the American Management Association (AMA) or its Canadian counterpart, the excellent Canadian Management Centre (CMC), are also productsdriven ... disreputable past You are worth more as an honorable company with a good reputation than one noted for sleazy management practices and a terrible reputation in the marketplace A markup of 10 percent ... Goal alignment of individuals with the organization’s needs has long been a target of management theorists Usually the wants and needs of the individual are compared to the wants and needs of...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 09:20

... to example (7) (7) Susi hörte dass Hans einen Unfall hatte Susi heard that Hans an accident had und dassf Hansf sterben könnte and that Hans die might ‘Susi heard that Hans had an accident and ... Robert Dale (2000) Building natural language generation systems Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press Hercules Dalianis, (1999) Aggregation in natural language generation Computational Intelligence, ... Categorial (phrasal and lexical) nodes — bolded in Fig — carry reference tags (presumably propagated from the generator’s strategic component) E.g., the tag “7” is attached to the root and head...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20

... idea of tape reading is based on the obvious fact that, in the markets, only a handful of players take the money—from the majority The market usually moves in a way that hurts as many players as ... terms of use This page intentionally left blank CHAPTER Tape Reading Revitalization of a Lost Art P art One of the book describes Vadym’s journey as a trader—from newer trader to reality trader ... the reading of certain visual formations than of certain numbers and their relationships We often hear that a “real” trading system should be quantifiable This is not necessarily the case Attempting...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 18:20

... Another fact dealing with this type is that a small elephant” for example, is much bigger than a big mouse” a Implicitly gradable pairs Another characteristic of certain pairs of gradable antonyms ... Semantics is the study of meaning that is used to understand human expression through language Semantics is perhaps the most difficult part of the grammar of a language to learn What is “semantics”? ... is always a primary or original meaning that is express The original meaning of a form in a language is normally called “denotation” With respect to words (lexical terms), the primary (original)...

Ngày tải lên: 13/07/2014, 23:26

... later American English has retained the older practice, and as yet no indications of a change have appeared Marckwardt commented on this case of colonial lag in the late 1950s Since then, various ... both a synchronic and a diachronic point of view (Adams 2001, Plag 2003) There has been a lively debate about the word-formational status of these verbal units dating back at least to Marchand ... extraterritorial innovation; a marginal example of this would be the spread of have as a perfect auxiliary with intransitive verbs – it is not a prototypical instance of extraterritorial innovation,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 03:20

... of ¨ historical analyses of comparative alternation (see section 3.1 and Mondorf to appear a) not warrant an explanation of British–American differences in terms of colonial lag It has been argued ... BrE AmE % BrE % AmE Analytic Analytic Analytic Analytic Attested Gradability Br Attested Gradability Comparatives pmw Am Comparatives pmw apt bare dire dour fond free full keen proud pure rare ... morphological difference between AmE and BrE Large corpora have enabled us to come a long way towards establishing the patterns of usage and the factors affecting variation As regards grammatical differences...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 03:20

... becomes a normal part of virtually every match, a matter of tactics rather than the occasional replacement of an injured player, and probably at least as frequent as the scoring of goals Tactical ... functionalist approach to language in the sense that it rejects the idea of a random distribution of grammatical variants and assumes instead that the choice of competing variants is motivated in ... general claims, namely that speakers make far greater use of context than formal grammars allow, and that speakers associate collocations and construction fragments with meanings without necessarily...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 03:20

... trade tips, complaints and light banter But several officers say it has become an outlet for personal attacks – often laced with racist language, sexual harassment and disparaging remarks about ... following examples are all taken from the same news story as Text Sample above: online forums [that have changed the way police gripe] A January thread [that started with a message about a sign at a district ... Incidentally, a comparison of the data from earlier and later years shows that at least in BrE the reflexive structure is at present receding at a dramatic rate (see Table 8.16) However, as is...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 03:20

... Telegraph 1995) b A gold medallist at Los Angeles, Seoul, Barcelona and Atlanta, Redgrave can already lay justifiable claim to be regarded as Britain’s greatest Olympian (Daily Telegraph 2000) It ... alive and well and living (primarily) in American ¨ English (Overgaard 1995, Albakry and Crawford 2004) or that American English is leading in its revitalization and that British English is ‘lagging ... complementation a bit longer than usual Similar observations can be made for the variable complementation of the verb (can’t) stand Table 11.3 (lines 3a/ b) shows that any adverbial material modifying...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 03:20

... thus a wide range of grammatical and phonological elements that can serve as tag questions in the world’s languages, of which the above list can be regarded as a sample In traditional English usage ... of tag has so-called ‘reversed polarity’, i.e affirmative main clauses are followed by negative tags, and vice versa As we shall see below, there is also a ‘constant polarity’ tag for affirmative ... described as a mandative meaning Consider again examples (1) and (4) to (7) above As an alternative to subjunctives, the mandative sense may be expressed by appropriate modal auxiliaries The modal should,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 03:20

... characteristic of BrE and related varieties (like Australian English) As has already been noted, AmE, in any case, only makes limited use of miniclause tags A small survey17 of five speakers of AmE showed ... paradigmatic variation with that and zero and that it thus functions as a relative marker: (10) a John always bought the same car as Mary did b John always bought the same car that Mary did c John always ... 1995) As Haiman (1985: 2) points out, we can expect grammaticalization to be accompanied by processes such as simplification and loss of core meaning (‘opacity’): ‘At any stage of any natural language,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 03:20