a decision theoretic formulation for robust automatic speech recognition

... implementation in [23] models additional details such as an analog filterbank based on critical-band analysis Such an implementation, while suitable for implementation in low-power analog VLSI ... the training data are similar to the test data, a more realistic situation for most applications They also often suffer the drawback that while they may result in significant improvements on speech ... is an FFT-based adaptation intended to be more efficient and amenable to incorporation in an automatic speech recognition system than the original algorithm The most effective FFT-based implementation...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... to expand out each of the three cases: (1 3a) homorganic-nasal-cluster ~ labial-nasal labial-obstruent (13b) homorganie-nasal-cluster ~ coronal-nasal coronal-obstruent (13c) homorganic-nasal-cluster ... 421-441, 1979 16 Kaplan, R and Bresnan, J., LexicabFunctional Grammar: A Formal System for Grammatical Representation, in Bresnan (ed.), The Mental Representation of Grammatical Relations, MIT Press ... Natural Language Analysis, CACM, 13:10, 1970 Z7 Zue, V., and Shattuck-Hufnagel, S., When is a ,/Ts/not a /3V?, ASA, Atlanta, 1980 Church, K., Phrase-Structure l'arsing: A Method lbr Taking Advantage...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... by using an heuristic approximation to WER instead, and it appears that their approximation is indeed adequate when large amounts of training data are available Our approach stands at the opposite ... and task adaptation based on automatic analysis of vocabulary confusability In Proc 10th EuroSpeech / 8th InterSpeech, pages 1569–1572 A Janin, Baron D., J Edwards, D Ellis, D Gelbart, N Morgan, ... Language Processing (ICSLP/Interspeech), pages 1413–1416 A Park, T J Hazen, and J R Glass 2005 Automatic processing of audio lectures for information retrieval: Vocabulary selection and language...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 07:20

... grammar consists of known utterances that can be made by the user The unigram grammar is stored in a phrase database The grammar is organized according to individual words and phrases Each phrase ... Track, 176 San Francisco, California, SpeechTEK West, pp – 10 Jurafsky, D & Martin, J., Speech and Language Processing, Prentice Hall, 2000 Natural Language Software Registry, [Online] Available: http://registry.dfki.de/, ... is placed in a table The phrases are broken down into their individual words and placed in another table The table of words keeps a count of the number of times each word appears in each phrase,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 01:20

... are two operators: [a] for a' s belief and {a} for a' s goals The formula [hI]c~, for example, means that the hearer believes ~b in the final situation, while {si}¢ means that the speaker intended ... m a y have quite complicated theories about how other agents apply defaults The simplest assumption we can make is that they reason in a uniform manner, exactly the same as the way we axiomatized ... the above assumption This general approach proved inadequate because there is in fact no such statement about b.eliefs about goals about beliefs that is true in every performance of a speech act...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20

... and misc Performance of these classification tasks is approximately 96% and 90% accuracy respectively Camera Motion Features In addition to visual context features, we also examine the camera ... paired corpus described above (Fleischman and Roy, 2006) Recent work in automatic image annotation (Barnard et al., 2003; Blei and Jordan, 2003) and natural language processing (Steyvers et al., ... N=1 for the word by topic counts and N=.01 for the pattern by topic counts Evaluation In order to evaluate our grounded language modeling approach, a parallel data set of 99 Major League Baseball...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 02:20

... optimization a small part of the test data is taken and the WER is computed for different values of λ As a baseline the n-gram mixture model trained on all available training data (≈ billion words) ... Roberto Basili, Marco Cammisa, and Fabio Massimo Zanzotto 2004 A semantic similarity measure for unsupervised semantic tagging In Proc of the Fourth International Conference on Language Resources and ... Resources and Evaluation (LREC2004), Lisbon, Portugal Jerome Bellegarda 2000 Large vocabulary speech recognition with multispan statistical language models IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 04:20

... Finally, the fact that these complexity classes have automata -theoretic characterizations means that results concerning the complexity of natural languages will have implications for the nature ... between formal language theory and natural languages may well have more to with the unnaturalness of the traditional diagnostics than a lack of relevance of the underlying structural properties Finally, ... of all analyses that can occur in human languages The principles then distinguish particular sub-languages the head-final or the pro-drop languages, for instance Each realized human language is...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 09:20

... information only The estimation of probabilities could be based on grammatical and semantic information, but a practical and easy way to use this approach has not been found yet For this reason, ... it, that means all the words in the vocabulary It is computationally not practical to determine the acoustic likelihood of each word through the forward pass algorithm The problem of a Fast access ... solutions, along with the computation of acoustical and linguistical probabilities, is performed in the IBM 3090 mainframe This dictionary size average best "Fable t shows the recognition accuracy obtained...

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 00:20

... Computational Auditory Scene Analysis and Automatic Speech Recognition Arun Narayanan, DeLiang Wang 433 Introduction Auditory Scene Analysis Computational Auditory Scene Analysis 16.3.1 Ideal Binary ... recognition as well 2.2 Speech Recognition Viewed as Bayes Classification At their core, state-of-art ASR systems are fundamentally Bayesian classifiers The Bayesian classification paradigm follows a rather ... such an order that variables required on the right-hand side of the equation above are available when assigning a value for the left-hand side The calculation of the backward variable in Equation...

Ngày tải lên: 03/05/2014, 20:50

... frontal left lobes of Alpha and Gamma2 band and central lobes of the Alpha band Alterations in the Alpha band are also expected since they are generally associated with problems in attention and ... years analyzed in [32] have also shown an increase in theta and alpha power When considering the mathematical subtraction Task the most significant bands (Table 2) are Theta, Beta and Gamma2 ... group for both the signal representation approach and the signal modelling approach in the univariate and bivariate cases Once the features were available, classification was performed using a simple...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... vibration signal as an aspiration when a swallow has actually occurred, whereas a false negative (FN) is the event of classifying a vibration signal as a swallow when an aspiration has actually occurred ... Aspiration classifier The proposed feature combinations and radial basis classifier achieved approximately 80% adjusted accuracy in classifying aspirations and swallows This accuracy level already exceeds ... Dysphagia 2004, 19(4):231-240 Reddy N, Katakam A, Gupta V, Unnikrishnan R, Narayanan J, Canilang E: Measurements of acceleration during videofluorographic evaluation of dysphagic patients Medical...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... global variance, the local mean, the local variance, and global covariance The complexity of global mean, global variance, and global covariance are ≈ O(n2) The complexity of local mean and the ... are also performed and we can see similar results for visual image quality measure values and visual comparison 4.2 Median filter Applying the same approaches under proposed gametheoretical architecture, ... this article as: Tsai and Liu: A game -theoretic architecture for visible watermarking system of ACOCOA (adaptive content and contrast aware) technique EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 00:20

... estimation scales such as visual analogue scales, because the interval size of an equal-appearing interval scale might be not equal in all continua Hence, statistical analyses which not take this ... interferences, a standard text and a stable recording setup are used Thus, the speaker remains the only factor of influence For this study, we applied a nonadapted ASR system for automatic speech evaluation ... evaluation by an automatic speech recognition system is a valuable means for research and clinical purpose in order to determine the global functional outcome of speech and voice after the treatment...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 20:20

... is an attractive alternative to metamodels for the task of estimating W from P ∗ WFSTs can be regarded as a network of automata Each automaton accepts an input symbol and outputs one of a finite ... indicate that the use of metamodels is a significantly better approach to ASR than speaker adaptation in cases where the intelligibility of the speaker is low and only a few adaptation utterances are ... such a way as to increase word recognition accuracy Although these techniques have general application to ASR, we believe that they are particularly suitable for use in ASR of dysarthric speakers...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 22:20

... related to the speaker’s vocal-tract length By using the ratio of the average third-formant location for a particular speaker to the average third-formant location for a large population of speakers, ... fact that so-called perceptual warping is in fact a speakernormalization warping too Motivated by this outcome, we can adjust the perceptual warp parameter specifically for each speaker and call ... a substantial amount of interspeaker variability This observation leads to the idea of using a specific self-normalization warp factor for each speaker The offline approach for the vocal-tract length...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... batteries to increase installation reliability and performance A new patented acid formulation, using 4% of colloidal silica and 2.2% of phosphoric acid, was developed and tested in standard automotive ... of acid strati®cation and positive active mass softening Results of the analysis are reported in Table  Colloidal silica at 2, and 6% plays a beneficial role for capacity evolution (Fig 2) and ... expensive for widespread use  Valve regulated lead acid batteries using flat plates combined with gel or Adsorptive Glass Material (AGM) giving no maintenance but medium reliability (about years at...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 20:21

... The Graph Method It is well known that a square zero pattern matrix guarantees non-singularity if and only if it is permutationally equivalent to a triangular pattern with nonzero diagonal entries: ... theorems on square zero and sign pattern matrices which guarantee nonsingularity to rectangular zero and sign pattern matrices which guarantee full rank In Section we provide background information spelling ... finite-dimensional vector space V from among a set of vectors X generated combinatorially, when it is not readily apparent how to order X or a canonical spanning set of V in a convenient way The motivation for...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 21:21

... industries are South Korea and Taiwan [43] In January 2011, China has started a recycling policy based on EPR Other developing countries in Asia such as Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam and Indonesia are also ... enormous amount of data related to complex and dynamic environments into manageable and meaningful information [56] For sustainable production, indicators can assist in the decision- making for and management ... Planning  Based on available and accurate data  Verifiable  Based on a set of indicators rather than a single indicator  Comprised of core and supplemental indicators  Addressing all six aspects...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:16

... OF NOTATIONS AHP Analytic Hierarchy Process ANOM Analysis of Means ANOVA Analysis of Variance BD Machine Breakdown BN Bayesian Network DA Decision Analysis DOE Design of Experiment DID Dynamic ... is to rank the available alternative decisions based on the information available and the decision maker’s preferences Decision tree and influence diagram are the graphical modeling tools for representing ... rules (Nakasuka and Yoshida, 1992; Shaw et al., 1992; Aydin and Oztemel, 2000; Jahangirian and Conroy, 2000; Jeong, 2000; Subramaniam et al., 200 0a) The idea of this approach is to dynamically switch...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:09