a core language for abstract behavioral specification
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "TOWARDS A CORE VOCABULARY FOR SYSTEM A NATURAL LANGUAGE" potx
Ngày tải lên :
22/02/2014, 10:20
... vocabulary serving as a base for applying semantic criteria, becat, se the overall core vocabulary was envisaged to have a size of approx 1500 words Inspection shows that many intuitively basic ... for an extendcd vocabulary in Ihc lexical database of the IJ:,X project (llamett ct al., 1986) This database also conlains dctailcd syntactic inforuaation, in pa~l.icular on government patterus ... objectives of natural language systems It has been shown that both statistical mclhods and semanlic criteria can, and I think, have to contribute to the establishment of a core vocabulary The work...
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Tài liệu A Common Language for Computer Security Incidents ppt
Ngày tải lên :
14/02/2014, 08:20
... computers for financial gain professional criminals - attackers who attack computers for personal financial gain vandals - attackers who attack computers to cause damage 15 incident attack(s) (s) Attackers ... actually take place during an event For example, when a user logs in to an account, we classify the action as authenticate and the target as account The actual action that takes place is for the ... makes these attacks a distinctive group is a combination of factors, each of which we may only have partial information about First, there may only be one attacker or there may be several attackers...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: " A Declarative Language for Implementing Dynamic Programs∗" pptx
Ngày tải lên :
20/02/2014, 16:20
... implemented as a ∧ b, and a+ b as a ∨ b The Dyna programmer can declare the agenda discipline—i.e., the order in which updates are processed—to obtain variant algorithms Although Dyna supports stack and ... partial hypotheses are assembled, or where consistency has to be maintained It is already being used for parsing, syntax-based machine translation, morphological analysis, grammar induction, and ... permitted axioms may have values between and 1.8 C++ Interface and Implementation A Dyna program compiles to a set of portable C++ classes that manage the items and perform inference These classes can...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A Programming Language for Mechanical Translation" doc
Ngày tải lên :
16/03/2014, 19:20
... only symbols Both format S and format A are designed for the particular characters available on the printers and card punches in current use Other formats may be made available if and when other ... separated by a space, the left half and the right half are separated by an equal sign, the right half and the routing are separated by two fraction bars, and the routing and the go-to are separated ... of an abbreviation in the routing calling for format A, a special transliteration takes place The purpose of this transliteration is to allow all of the characters available on the input and...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "The Design of a Computer Language for Linguistic Information" ppt
Ngày tải lên :
24/03/2014, 01:21
... formalism is to permit a clean semantics for the language W e have provided a denotational semantics for PATR-ll [Pereiraand Shieber, 84] based on the information systems domain theory of Dana ... Verb be = V Con- structs Clearly, the bare PATR-II formalism, as it was presented in Section 2.1, is sorely inadequate for any major attempt at building natural -language grammars because of ... pp 95-100 Kaplan, R and J Bresnan, 1983: "LexlcaI-Functionai Grammar: A Formal System for Grammatical Representation," in J 13resnan (ed.), The mental representation of grammatical rclati, rr~...
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Test of English as a Foreign Language for Internet-Based Testing: Information and Registration BULLETIN
Ngày tải lên :
25/03/2014, 10:41
... NATIVE LANGUAGE CODES AFR AKA ALB AMA ARA ARM ASM AZE BAM BAK BAQ BEL BEM BEN BER BIK BOS BUL BUR CAT CEB NYA CHI CHV Afrikaans Akan Albanian Amharic Arabic Armenian Assamese Azerbaijani Bambara ... BWA BRA BRN BGR BFA BDI KHM CMR CAN CPV CYM CAF TCD CHL CHN Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan ... ORM PAU POL PON POR Latvian Lingala Lithuanian Luba-Lulua Luo Macedonian Madurese Malagasy Malay Malayalam Maltese Marathi Marshallese Mende Minangkabau Mongolian Mossi Nepali Norwegian Oriya Oromo...
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Metamath A Computer Language for Pure Mathematics pdf
Ngày tải lên :
31/03/2014, 12:20
... database that is provided with the Metamath package and is the subject matter of Chapter Any language (a metalanguage) used to describe mathematics (an object language) must have a mathematical ... computer language that describes formal mathematical systems and expresses proofs of theorems in those systems Such a language is called a metalanguage by mathematicians “Metamath” is also the name ... like a bug in a computer program? After all, you’ve read that famous mathematicians have occasionally made mistakes, and you certainly know you’ve made your 1.1 MATHEMATICS AS A COMPUTER LANGUAGE...
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pattern-oriented software architecture volume 4 a pattern language for distributed computing
Ngày tải lên :
01/06/2014, 10:57
... several distribution and pattern experts Ademar Aguimar, Steve Berczuk, Alan O’Callaghan, Ekatarina Chtcherbina, Jens Coldewey, Richard Gabriel, Ian Graham, Prashant Jain, Nora Koch, Doug Lea, Klaus ... BUILDER (527), FACTORY METHOD (529), and DISPOSAL METHOD (531) Database Access: DATABASE ACCESS LAYER (538), DATA MAPPER (540), ROW DATA GATEWAY (542), TABLE DATA GATEWAY (544), and ACTIVE RECORD ... computing • Chapter 1, On Patterns and Pattern Languages, outlines all aspects of the pattern and pattern language concepts that are relevant for understanding our pattern language for distributed...
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báo cáo khoa học:" The ICF as a common language for rehabilitation goal-setting: comparing client and professional priorities" ppt
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 00:20
... conceptualized the study, and participated in its design, statistical analysis and drafted the manuscript MG and AVDM participated in its design, data collection and statistical analysis All authors ... ratings of importance across the nine ICF activities and participation domains The Friedman analysis is a nonparametric statistical test which is an alternative to the repeated analysis of variance ... researchers conducted the interview and was seated opposite the participant at the table Another researcher operated the video camera and took a digital photograph of each participant’s mat after...
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A verification system for interval based specification languages with its application to simulink
Ngày tải lên :
14/09/2015, 08:23
... popular interval-based specification language We can reason about DC axioms and perform DC proofs in a manner similar to manual DC arguments Based on the TIC-PVS verification system, a novel framework ... describes diagrams by keywords and parameter-value pairs Parameter-value pairs denote the contents of diagrams such as block sample times by associating particular values with relevant parameters ... lambda abstractions Constant declarations introduce new constants which can be functions, relations or the usual (0-ary) constants; for example, the declaration f: [nat -> nat] defines a total...
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Teaching english as a foreign language for dummies
Ngày tải lên :
05/04/2016, 18:43
... ✓ As an official examiner for the exams students of English as a Foreign Language sit ✓ As a teacher trainer ✓ As a materials writer ✓ As a home-stay course provider, who accommodates and teaches ... Teaching English as a Foreign Language FOR DUMmIES ‰ Teaching English as a Foreign Language FOR DUMmIES ‰ by Michelle Maxom A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, Publication Teaching English as a Foreign ... get a decent job Very often TEFL jobs are advertised as ESOL (English for Speakers of Other Languages) or ESL (English as a Second Language) .Teaching English as a Foreign Language, English as a...
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In order to become competent in a foreign language, it is important for language learners not only to acquire new vocabularies and a new set of phonological and syntactic rules but also to learn what Wilson (1986)
Ngày tải lên :
17/04/2013, 16:09
... ngữ Nam Bộ Như vậy, không gian đ a lí tiếng miền Nam, phương ngữ miền Nam hay phương ngữ Nam tác giả xác đònh rộng Không gian đ a lí phương ngữ Nam Bộ xác đònh hẹp Ranh giới PNNB trùng với ranh ... (từ thû ấy/ đến nay), thû (từ thû ấy/ đến giờ) V a rút gọn v a đảo trật tự câu nghi vấn tính chất, đặc điểm: bao cao (cao bao nhiêu), bao dai (dài bao nhiêu), bao lớn (lớn bao nhiêu)… Rút gọn, ... Long An, Tiền Giang, An -18- Giang, Kiên Giang, Cà Mau, Sóc Trăng, Bạc Liêu, Đồng Tháp, Bến Tre, Hậu Giang, Vónh Long, Trà Vinh thành phố Cần Thơ Vò trí đ a lí Nam Bộ: ph a bắc tây - bắc giáp Cam-pu-chia,...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo " English - A global language and its implications for students " ppt
Ngày tải lên :
12/02/2014, 20:20
... eventually come to be used by more people than any other language [1] How a language becomes a ”global language There exit several explanations about how a language achieves a “global status” ... cannot make a language “global”, many languages are easy to study in terms of grammar and vocabulary but they are not “global” Here, I agree with Crystal in respect of his point that a language cannot ... language and two ways to make a language “global”, they are official status and education priority I also have given examples and cite ideas of [1] explanation to the way a language achieve the status...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Phonotactic Language Model for Spoken Language Identification" pptx
Ngày tải lên :
20/02/2014, 15:20
... Recognition Evaluation (LRE) data The database was intended to establish a baseline of performance capability for language recognition of conversational telephone speech The database contains recorded ... humans Thus, the acoustic score has little language discriminative ability Many experiments (Yan and Barnard, 1995; Zissman, 1996) have further attested that the n-gram LM score provides more language ... work cast in the formalism mentioned above: tokenization, statistical language modeling, and language identification A typical LID system is illustrated in Figure (Zissman, 1996), where language...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "GEMINI: A NATURAL LANGUAGE SYSTEM FOR SPOKEN-LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING*" doc
Ngày tải lên :
20/02/2014, 21:20
... P Jacobs, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, pp 13-33 Kameyama, M (1992) "The Syntax and Semantics of the Japanese Language Engine", forthcoming In Mazuka, R., and N Nagai, Eds Japanese ... is that when they are formulated loosely, as in the previous paragraph, they appear to conflict In particular, in ( 2a) , Right Association seems to call for the parse that makes for Mary a modifier ... syntax and semantics in this way depends on a crucial property of the semantics: a semantic interpretation is available for each syntactic node This is guaranteed by the semantic rule formalism and...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Grammar Approximation by Representative Sublanguage: A New Model for Language Learning" potx
Ngày tải lên :
08/03/2014, 02:21
... 2: Example of a simple grammar lattice All grammars generate a common lexicon for all the grammars) A Grammar Lattice as a Search Space for Grammar Induction a Rule generalization steps a c s ... constraint-based grammars for natural language specifically designed to enable learning from representative examples annotated with semantics We have presented a new grammar learning model and showed ... ILP-learning problem as follows: ~ Definition A LWFG is conformal w.r.t a sublanguage iff is normalized and unambiguous w.r.t and the rule specialization step guarantees that for all grammars specialized...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A Flexible Stand-Off Data Model with Query Language for Multi-Level Annotation" ppt
Ngày tải lên :
08/03/2014, 04:22
... with a capital letter Markables are the carriers of the actual annotation information They can be queried by means of string matching and by means of attribute-value combinations A markable query ... relations associate arbitrarily many markables with each other in a transitive, undirected way The coref class attribute in Figure is an example of how such a relation can be used to represent a ... (i.e span) of basedata elements (Figure 2) Normally, however, a markable is also associated with arbitrarily many user-defined attribute-value pairs (Figure 3, Figure 4) Markables can also be...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Combining a Statistical Language Model with Logistic Regression to Predict the Lexical and Syntactic Difficulty of Texts for FFL" potx
Ngày tải lên :
08/03/2014, 21:20
... treat these variables as binary or continuous Theoretical justifications for a binary parameterisation lie in the fact that a text becomes more complex for a L2 language learner when there is a ... first readability “formula” for French as a foreign language using NLP and statistical models It takes into account some particularities of French such as its inflected nature A new scale to assess ... regression for interval data; a popular cumulative logit model called proportional odds for ordinal data; and multinomial logistic regression for nominal variables Therefore, identifying the best scale...
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Supporting English Language Learners A practical guide for Ontario educators ppt
Ngày tải lên :
10/03/2014, 05:20
... have an advantage because most are already literate in their first language, have had more school experience, and have a wider range of prior knowledge They may acquire vocabulary and grammatical ... English language learners Guides explaining the Ontario education system are available for newcomer families to download in various languages Videos are also available on topics that are important ... Understanding English language learners Key differences between everyday language and academic language Everyday language proficiency includes: Academic language proficiency includes: the ability...
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