a connectionist model of sentence comprehension and production

... involve a batch system rather than an interactive one. There would, therefore, be a trade-off between the ease of use of an interactive system and the speed and power of a batch approach. Although ... between anaphor and antecedent. Co-reference means that anaphor and antecedent both refer to the same object. This explanation suffices for a sentence llke: (i) I think green apples are best and ... are smaller, and act more locally. The neural circuitry of the cortex is, apart from some minor variations, remarkably consistent. Its dominant characteristics are Its parallelism, its large...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 17:20

... not a TEMP-marked entry, as it was the case in the examples analyzed above, but it is a HEAD- or an ADV-marked entry, i.e. a noun or an adverb. A version of GEMS for one-clause Italian sentences ... lexical entry. We can now return to the markers contained in the lexical entries and explain the meaning of HEAD, TEMP, and ADV. As already noted, these are names of procedures that are executed ... is a model of how to say something, not of what to say. When it arrives at a decision point on what to say, GEMS makes a random choice. Hence, GEMS is not a complete model of the activity of...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 02:20

... cellular model of Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis Tiziana Alberio 1 , Alessandra Maria Bossi 2 , Alberto Milli 2 , Elisa Parma 1 , Marzia Bruna Gariboldi 1 , Giovanna Tosi 3 , Leonardo Lopiano 4 and ... biochemical alterations associated with the interplay of cytosolic dopamine and increased a- synuc- lein are still unclear. Catecholaminergic SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells are a suitable model ... (Bruker-Daltonik, Bremen, Germany). Capillary voltage was 1.5–2 kV and a dry gas flow rate of 10 LÆmin )1 was used with a temperature of 230 °C. The scan range was 300–1800 m ⁄ z. The tandem mass spectra...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 01:20

... Systems Modelling Data- base and can be accessed at http://jjj.biochem.sun.ac.za/ database/curien/index.html free of charge. Materials and methods Chemicals ATP, Hepes, homoserine, NADH, AdoMet, lactate ... can be calculated as follows: ELISA assays were carried out using rabbit antibodies raised against the recombinant proteins [12,14] and purified proteins as standards. We measured that an extract ... concentration of AdoMet with J cystathionine decreasing and J Thr increasing as the concentration of AdoMet was increased. Half changes in J cystathionine and J Thr are obtained for a concentration in AdoMet...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 02:21

... representational art, literature and film while modern dance, abstract art and classical music are rather low on this dimension. Situation and context are presumably more important in opera and theatre and ... experiences. Several researchers have stated that understanding of an artwork results in an activation of the rewarding centers in the brain (Maffei & Fiorentini, 1995; Zeki, 1999). Ramachandran and Hirstein ... stimuli. Specific for many forms of visual art is the combination of visual processing, extraction of meaning and resolution of ambiguity. We assume that classical, representational art and most kinds of sculptures...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 17:20

... demographics. Focusing on the IV estimates, it can be seen that the birth weight of babies in rural areas is lower than that of urban babies, and that male infants are heavier than female infants. 5 ... 1997; Victora et al., 2008). Thus, birth weight is not merely a measure of health of an infant, but is also an indicator of the infant’s potential for survival both as a child, and as an adult. ... Rosenzweig and Schultz (1982). Dow et al. (1999) find a strong effect of tetanus toxoid vaccination of mothers during pregnancy on birth weight in Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe using data from...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 09:20

... and Magnac and Thesmar (2002) generalize these results to dynamic single-agent models. 6 Machado and Sinha (2007) develop an analytical model of time-inconsistent smokers’ participation and ... Price Changes Structural models allow us to conduct a variety of counterfactual simulations (Chintagunta et al 2006). To understand the implications of addiction and stockpiling on manufacturer ... Dockner and Feichtinger (1993) and Orphanides and Zervos (1995) for two extensions. 4 See Waters and Sloan (1995) for an application to alcohol, Olekalns and Bardsley (1996) for caffeine, and Choo...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 09:20

... paper we concentrated on the task of mor- phological analysis, given a lexicon and unanno- tated data. We showed that the tasks of tag pre- diction and lemmatization are strongly dependent and ... performance on complementary tasks. In EMNLP. Erwin Marsi Antal van den Bosch and Abdelhadi Soudi. 2007. Memory-based morphological analysis and part- of- speech tagging of arabic. In Abdelhadi Soudi, ... izpravia izpraviha verb main indicative 3rd person plural (VMIA3P), izpravia VMIA3P izpravia Table 1: Examples of morphological analyses of words in English and Bulgarian. Latin characters. Here by “POS tags”...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 01:20

... Prolog and Natural- Language Analysis. CSLI Lecture Notes, Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stan- ford, California, 1987. [12] E. Stabler. Avoid the pedestrian's paradox, ... a head), the status of that position (either A or A ), its ID (or location), and relevant features (such as L-marking, Case, and 0). If we adhere to the representational paradigm used above, ... its application to simple logic grammars [14], [13] and [8]. In particular, Johnson has developed a prototype parser for a fragment of a GB grammar [9]. The system consists of a declara- tive...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 02:20

... katakana katakana-kanji kanji-hiragana hiragana kanji-katakana kat akana-symbol-katakana number kanji-hiragana-kanji alphabet kanji-hir agana-kanji-hir agana hiragana-kanji percent 45.1% ... using a Statistical Model of Morphology and Context Masaaki NAGATA NTT Cyber Space Laboratories 1-1 Hikari-no-oka Yokosuka-Shi Kanagawa, 239-0847 Japan nagata@nttnly, isl. ntt. co. jp Abstract ... words and Japanese words semantically equivalent to Chinese characters. Hiragana and katakana are syllabaries: The former is used primarily for gram- matical function words, such as particles and...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

... Using a standard backoff trigram model as a default distribution, we built a class of exponential language models which use non- stationary features based on trigger words to allow the model ... Entropy and Bayesian Methods. Kluwer Aca- demic Publishers. DeLia Pietra, S., V. Della Pietra, and J. Lafferty. 1997. Inducing features of random fields. IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine ... this model as a mizture of a two-stage exponential and a uniform distribution: Thus, we can again apply the EM algorithm to de- termine the mixing parameter a. This is a standard application...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:21

... relevant answers that an exact-matching model fails to retrieve because of lack of robustness, and the relevant answers that a non-structured model fails because of lack of structural specification. ... IAI-TR-99-12, University of Bonn. A Ranking Model of Proximal and Structural Text Retrieval Based on Region Algebra Katsuya Masuda Department of Computer Science, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, University ... TREC- 8, pages 151–161. Airi Salminen and Frank Tompa. 1994. Pat expressions: an algebra for text search. Acta Linguistica Hungar- ica, 41(1-4):277–306. Anja Theobald and Gerhard Weilkum. 2000. Adding relevance...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 03:20

... recurrent networks for natural language phonotacfics analysis. In searching for a cormectionist paradigm capable of natural language processing, many researchers have explored the Simple ... as Elman(1990), Cleermance(1993), Reilly(1995) and Lawrence(1996). SRNs have a context layer that keeps track of the past hidden neuron activations and enables them to deal with sequential ... from a static set of observations. This seems im- plausible, as interpretations are available at any point during comprehension. A second issue is 1Skepticism is a global parameter which 'weights'...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 04:20

... one another, and should be handled separately. Each is relevant to a different component of a plan-based model of reference: the data base, the planner, and the utterance generator, respectively. ... conventional meaning and a speaker's intentions in such cases, we cannot hope to construct an adequate model of referring and language use in general. Finally, Donnellan's distinction ... 189 DONNELLAN'S DISTINCTION AND A COMPUTATIONAL MODEL OF REFERENCE Amichai Kronfeld Artificial Intelligence Center SRI International and 333 Ravenswood Avenue Menlo Park, CA 94025 kronfeld~sri-warbucks...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 17:20

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Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20