a complex network approach to urban growth

... Oltvai, and A. L. Barab ´ asi. 2000. The large-scale organization of metabolic networks. Nature, 406:651-654. R. Jakobson and M. Halle. 1956. Fundamentals of Language, The Hague: Mouton and Co. P. ... refer- ence to PlaNet this preferential attachment can be interpreted as the tendency of a language to choose a consonant that has been already chosen by a large number of other languages. We posit that ... preferential at- tachment, 3 Mean error is defined as the average difference between the ordinate pairs where the abscissas are equal. ã Provide a simplied mathematical model to support our analytical...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 12:20

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 16:21

... constants In Datalog, a term is either a constant or a variable. Datalog is an untyped language, so a predicate can be applied to arbitrary terms. However, to make a Datalog sentence meaningful, ... applied to any vulnerability that matches the pattern. An underscore-led variable such as AttackSrc is an anonymous variable in Datalog — one that appears only once in a clause, and thus whose value ... one networ k to another can be examined automatically, whereas the details of individual attack steps that are common to all networks are abstracted out. Modeling a computer system to detect security...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 21:20

... The Attack Planner enables the user to state plan goals, launch the planner and view the attack plans generated. For example, a user can state the goal “An external user with no initial access ... to improve on traditional network vulnerability as- sessment. CycSecure integrates public reports of software faults from online databases, data gathered automatically from computers on a network ... querying capability was modified to allow users to define and save queries that correspond to specific compliance goals. For example, an IAVA can be converted into a query that finds machines...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20

... possible facets. Another key characteristic of rich domains like financial analysis, is that facts and events are subject to interpretation in context. To a finan- cial analyst, it makes a difference ... Maytag: A multi-staged approach to identifying complex events in textual data Conrad Chang, Lisa Ferro, John Gibson, Janet Hitzeman, Suzi Lubar, Justin Palmer, Sean Munson, Marc Vilain, and Benjamin ... and is also leading us to investigate visual ways to define queries that go beyond the paragraph and span many texts over many years. Finally, we are hoping to conduct user studies to validate our...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 21:20

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

Ngày tải lên: 01/01/2014, 17:44

... working to prevent and ameliorate factors that threaten their health. 13 A Public Health Approach to Children’s Mental Health :A Conceptual Framework CHAPTER 1: Introduction Appreciation goes to a ... mental health interventions that are needed to serve all children. It can serve as an organizational tool to help collaborators develop a comprehensive, coordinated public health approach to addressing ... to that variable as an “indicator” of the outcome variable, whereas researchers would typically call it a correlate instead. For example, a child’s level of empathy may be one of many indicators...

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2014, 12:20

... clients. Having said that, the fundamentals of participatory training are repeated and reinforced throughout the manual as a reminder, and to encourage those who may have had less advanced training ... client- centered approach is its applicability to any client and any provider in any location. The manual has been revised slightly from its use in Pakistan to enhance its broad appeal and trainers are ... training cannot address all of the issues and try to reach an understanding and agreement as to which expectations will be addressed. 6. NOW address the participants’ fears. Allay any fears...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 10:20

... integrated into a phrase- based decoder serving as additional distortion fea- tures. We evaluated our approach on large-scale Japanese-English and English-Japanese machine translation tasks, and ... Translation: Syntactically Informed Phrasal SMT. In Proc. ACL, pages 271-279. A. Ramanathan, Pushpak Bhattacharyya, Jayprasad Hegde, Ritesh M. Shah and Sasikumar M. 2008. Simple syntactic and ... source lan- guage based on both lexical and syntactical features. We evaluated our approach on large- scale Japanese-English and English-Japanese machine translation tasks, and show that it can significantly...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 19:20

... no gold standard available. Luckily, the Bayesian approach allows us to automatically select values for the hyperparameters by treating them as addi- tional variables in the model. We augment the ... input), and some latent vari- ables t (the hidden structure). The goal is to as- sign appropriate values to the latent variables. Stan- dard approaches do so by selecting values for the model parameters, ... vari- ables in the model are then chosen based on the learned parameterization. Here, we propose a dif- ferent approach based on Bayesian statistical prin- ciples: rather than searching for an...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... effectiveness of a fea- ture based approach with the use of a state- of-the-art sequential learning technique that has proven successful for tasks such as “email act classification”. Our evaluation demonstrates ... learner, so that a much greater difference in average would be required in order to achieve statistical signifi- cance. Performance over a validation set was al- ways worse with larger history ... investigate the use of state-of-the-art se- quential learning techniques that have proven suc- cessful for email act classification in comparison with a feature based approach. Our evaluation...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... data Consumer demand data Market data Demographic data Promotion response data Attitudinal and/or psychographic data Consumer sentiment data (eg, social media monitoring) Online behavioural data Other Which ... 4 We are exploring integration of social media data with our retail and consumer demand signals (eg data stored in our DSR) Our strategy is to manage social media data separate from retail and ... demand signals We bring social media data into our demand signal repository (DSR) We don’t have a demand signal management strategy Where do social media data fit in your demand signal repository...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 10:20

... for Computational Linguistics A Nonparametric Bayesian Approach to Acoustic Model Discovery Chia-ying Lee and James Glass Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Massachusetts ... indicates that even without supervision, our model captures and learns the acoustic characteristics of a language au- tomatically and is able to produce an acoustic model that outperforms a language-mismatched ... by statistical methods. Proceedings of the IEEE, 64:532 – 556. Sawit Kasuriya, Virach Sornlertlamvanich, Patcharika Cotsomrong, Supphanat Kanokphara, and Nattanun Thatphithakkul. 2003. Thai speech...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 18:20

... to Sentence Compression of Spoken Utterances Dong Wang, Xian Qian, Yang Liu The University of Texas at Dallas dongwang,qx,yangl@hlt.utdallas.edu Abstract This paper presents a two-step approach ... the candidate sentence with that of the first ranked candidate. This is because we try to avoid a very large or small compression ra- tio, and the first candidate is generally a good candidate with ... propose to use discriminative training to rerank the candi- dates generated in the first step. Reranking has been used in many tasks to find better global solutions, such as machine translation (Wang...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 18:20

... is grammatical, but it offers only moderate compression rates. An alternative to the tree trimming approach is the sequence-oriented approach (McDonald, 2006; Nomoto, 2007; Clarke and Lapata, 2006; Hori ... sentence compression: A comparison across domains, train- ing requirements and evaluation measures. In Proc. of the 21st COLING and 44th ACL, pages 377–384. C. Hori and S. Furui. 2003. A new approach to auto- matic ... framework. Experiments that utilize both human subjective and automatic evaluations show that our method is 826 demand summarization systems are not prepared to wait for parsing to finish. 3 A Syntax Free Sequence-oriented Sentence...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 00:20

... uses an N-gram of size 1, also known as a unigram. The grammar consists of known utterances that can be made by the user. The unigram grammar is stored in a phrase database. The grammar is ... is organized according to individual words and phrases. Each phrase is placed in a table. The phrases are broken down into their individual words and placed in another table. The table of ... goal of Distributed Listening research is to take a unique approach in order to enhance the success of the traditional approaches to speech recognition. The approach of Distributed Listen- ing...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 01:20

... as a Resource for Question Answering: Perspective and Challenges. In LREC 2002, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain. Dan Moldovan, Sanda Harabagiu, Roxana Girju, Paul Morarescu, Finley Lacatusu, ... Secretary of State William H. Seward arranged for the United-States to purchase Alaska for 2 cents per acre. What year did the U.S. buy Alaska? What is the legal age to vote in Argentina? Voting ... related to “mandatory”; that “age” is related to “aged”; and that “Argentine” is related to “Argentina”. It is not difficult to see by now that these logical relations can be represented graphically...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 04:22

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 21:20