a comparison perspective on performance judgments in sports

... advocating megaregions as the appropriate scale for achieving consolidation and cooperative management in practice Assuming that regions are in fact the natural unit of consolidation, the scale at which ... be last copies on a state-wide scale may be relatively abundant if evaluated against regional or supra-regional holdings Management schemes focused on rationalizing collections on a per-state ... collections into an above-the-institution aggregation This paper takes an alternative approach, based on a broader view of library print collections—including those held in public libraries—and assumes...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 13:20

... former part, direct invitations may cause face - threatening 2.1.1.2 Direct invitations in Vietnamese In general, Vietnamese usually make invitation directly and issue an invitation to a particular ... invitations in daily life interactions Many cases of making invitation are different in Vietnamese and English Therefore it is very important to making an invitation to be suitable to a particular ... necessary to look at some basic information on what is called pragmatics and cross - cultural pragmatics Pragmatics, since its appearance, has excited great attention from many leading linguists...

Ngày tải lên: 12/04/2016, 21:54

... little teaching is done in the target language Instead, readings in the target language are translated directly and then discussed in the native language, often precipitating in- depth comparisons ... ultimate goal of learning a language CLT places great emphasis on helping students use the target language in a variety of contexts and places great emphasis on learning language functions Its ... is also a common trend for students to say Learn a training course Instead of Do/take a training course Make market research Do market research Can I write a message? Can I take a message make...

Ngày tải lên: 29/01/2014, 00:23

... Bali Indonesia Jakarta Indonesia London UK Vancouver Canada Moscow Russia Toronto Canada 10 Beijing China 11 Tel Aviv Israel 12 Bangkok Thailand 13 Kiev Ukraine 14 Hong Kong (apartments) China ... nationalities now Russian Hong Kong British French American Swiss German Chinese Singaporean Canadian Nationalities growing in importance Chinese Indian Brazilian Malaysian Norwegian Kazakhstani ... Hong Kong, Singapore, Shanghai and Beijing Only respondents in Latin America disagreed, putting London in third place after New York and Miami London and New York remain in first and second place...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 11:20

... supposing(that),considering(that),given(that),granted(that),granting(that), admitting (that), assuming (that), immediately (that), directly (that), etc Ending with as : as far as, as long as, as soon as, according as, etc Ending with than: sooner than (+ infinitive ... 4.2 Adverbial clause of place An adverbial clause of place denotes a particular place or an imaginary place where the action or situation occurs A place adverbial clause is introduced by one ... They are finite adverbial clauses, non-finite adverbial clauses and verbless adverbial clauses 3.1.1.Finite adverbial clauses This type of adverbial clauses contains a finite verb which, according...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 22:49

... California Slocum, Jonathan (1981) A Practical Comparison of Parsing Strategies Proc 19th ACL, Stanford, California: 1-6 Thompson, Henry (1981) Chart Parsing and Rule Schemata in GPSG Research Paper ... Formalism and Implementation of PATR-II In: Barbara Grosz and Mark Stickel, eds., Research on Interactive Acquisition and Use of Knowledge SRI Final Report 1894, SRI International, Menlo Park, California ... Pereira, Fernando C N and David H D Warren (1980) Definite Clause Grammars for Language Analysis A Survey of the Formalism and a Comparison with Augmented Transition Networks Artificial Intelligence...

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 01:20

... Trigram PP – 179.8 average SL 18.0 16.3 4.2 Canadian Hansards Additionally, we carried out experiments on the Canadian Hansards task This task contains the proceedings of the Canadian parliament, ... we adopt the view of the ITG constraints as a bilingual grammar as, e.g., in (Wu, 1997) For the baseline ITG constraints, the resulting grammar is: A → [AA] | AA | f /e | f / | /e Here, [AA] ... the data containing only sentences with a maximum length of 30 words Table shows the training and test corpus statistics Evaluation in Training In this section, we will investigate for each of...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 06:20

... Offering a lie, as a reason for declining an invitation, will also make you feel guilty Procrastinate When Required If you are being invited verbally, in a face -on meeting, and you are not sure as ... calls and assessors' appraisals, and the latter include sentencing, bequeathing and appointing Acts of both kinds can be performed only in certain ways under certain circumstances by those in ... the way giving a reason or a situation to parry accepting invitation In some instance participant provides detailed seasons for refusing the invitation For example: (19) “- Would you like to have...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 00:21

... Peterborough are considering doing in response to the changes, and about the process for municipal decisionmaking;  discover what provincial and local actions are taking place in response to the changes; ... 19 local agencies and various individuals with lived experience of Ontario Works and ODSP As part of background presentations made at the beginning of the meeting, Martha Macfie, staff lawyer ... Peterborough has a higher percentage of people on assistance than other municipality in the region, with 8.5% of local residents relying on social assistance compared to a provincial average of 6.9% One...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 00:20

... Jan oma jalgratta asjatundlikult parandas … dass Jan sein Fahrrad fachkundig reparierte that Jan his bike expertly repaired ja [et Jan oma jalgratta]f hoolikalt puhastas und [dass Jan sein Fahrrad]f ... jalgratta]f puhastas und [dass Jan]f eifrig [sein Fahrrad]f putzte (17) * Jan parandas oma jalgratta asjatundlikult * Jan reparierte sein Fahrrad fachkundig ja Janf puhastas [oma jalgratta]f hoolikalt ... cleaned his bike (19) * et Jan [oma jalgratta]b parandas * dass Jan [sein Fahrrad]b reparierte ja et Peeter oma jalgratta puhastas und dass Peter sein Fahrrad putzte (20) Jan parandas oma uue...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 20:20

... nutrition to make informed purchasing decisions (Lazarowicz, 2005) In addition, educational programmes should educate consumers on interpreting technical label terminology and layout and to practically ... Africa where a lack of consumer education exposes consumers to misinterpretation of label information and exploitation Secondly, regulating authorities should strive towards mandating labelling ... consumers in order to increase sales, is unethical South African research indicates that health and nutrient content claims serve as a valuable source of information on food, influencing the purchasing...

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2014, 18:33

... its arguments (mean and standard deviation) This point is rarely raised in literature: analysis and Monte Carlo simulations can lead to quite different outage probabilities even if analytical average ... 3.5, and and the outage probability The former is evaluated at the steady state of a dynamical system considering call arrivals and departures It is related to a call admission control (CAC) that ... we are able to obtain instantaneously using the simple formulas ∗ derived in this paper for voice service (γu = −16 dB) Analytical formulas are compared to Monte Carlo simulations in a hexagonal...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 11:20

... organizational adaptation Finally I discuss how organizational goal variables are chosen 39 40 Organizational Learning from Performance Feedback 3.1 How aspirations are made Natural aspiration ... media generate and publish rankings on many forms of organizational performance, since magazine and newspapers readers have an interest in rankings in general, and in particular rankings on a product ... that the decision maker makes an unbiased estimate based on the 52 Organizational Learning from Performance Feedback available information The information may be biased, such as when information...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 02:20

... decision can be made as soon as a solution is matched with a performance problem Organizational decision theory argues that problem availability depends on the timing of organizational agendas and ... historical and social aspiration levels Rapid adjustment of historical aspiration levels gave a high probability of specializing in the best alternative if the change in organizational allocations was ... depending on how these goals are weighted A useful way of thinking about managerial risk taking is that managers focus on the probability of reaching a performance above an aspiration level, but also...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 02:20

... innovations Organizational innovations are interesting to research on performance feedback theory because innovations are strategic actions that organizations may take to solve performance problems ... society at large Because innovations are so important, researchers have long been interested in explaining when organizations launch technological innovations Research on how organizations develop and ... While innovation launches require a problem and managerial risk tolerance, innovation generation results from organizational search only As discussed in chapter 3, organizations search habitually...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 02:20

... organizational change that many managers hesitate to make We can study the acquisition of assets by pursuing the usual idea that performance below the aspiration level causes organizational change and managerial ... growth Performance relative to the aspiration level has a horizontal relation below the aspiration level, indicating no effect, and a declining relation above it The range is lower than in the case ... large, and organizational inertia is argued to be greater in large firms (Hannan and Freeman 1984) Again we see that success reduces search and risk taking more than failure increases it This section...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 02:20

... Organizational Learning from Performance Feedback Estimation of aspiration level adjustment speed Estimating the aspiration level adjustment speed from data on performance and strategy changes is a ... historical aspiration levels are made by examining the past performance of the organization, which requires the researcher to collect data on the performance at least as far back as the managers consider ... targeted advertisers, and format changes Because radio broadcasting has many local markets, there is cross-sectional variation in social aspiration levels Because data are available over time, it...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 02:20

... assumptions of external agency and in its domain of organizational founding and failure, but has later moved towards a greater interest in adaptation processes and in organizational change as a dependent ... want frequent performance feedback, and it is also against rational notions that more information cannot possibly be bad for decision making The rational argument in favor of more information ... and value chains of the focal and comparison organization Intuitive judgments tend to favor market characteristics, which are easily available but may conceal differences in the underlying capabilities...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 02:20

... Sources of Innovation Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Levinthal, Daniel A and James G March 1981 A model of adaptive organizational search.” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2: ... to organizational change.” Administrative Science Quarterly, 26: 563–577 198 8a “Introduction: a chronicle of speculations about decision-making in organizations.” Decisions and Organizations Oxford: ... “Learning by association? Interorganizational networks and adaptation to environmental change.” Academy of Management Journal, 41(6): 621–643 References 199 Kraatz, Matthew S and Edward J Zajac 1996...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 02:20

... observation indicates that the intra-dot relaxation is slower than the direct carrier capture for high power density excitation Such a fast relaxation probably occurs through a finite continuum ... the QD transition energies in our samples Conclusion In conclusion, we have measured the rise and decay dynamics of the ground and first excited state of InAs QDs capped with an InGaAs quantum well ... with a time-delayed portion of the excitation beam in a mm thick b–barium–borate (BBO) crystal The upconverted PL light was detected by a monochromator and a cooled GaAs photomultiplier in single-photon...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 18:20