a broadcoverage grammar checker

... ESL Assistant are shown for comparison, and grammatical suggestions are un- derscored. As suggested, lexical and PoS informa- tion in learner texts is useful for a grammar checker, pattern grammar ... systems trained on learner data tend to offer high precision but low recall. Broad coverage grammar checkers may be developed using readily available large-scale corpora. To detect and correct ... userProposedUsages=extractUsage(sentence) for each userUsage in userProposedUsages (4) patGram=findPatternGrammar(userUsage.lexemes, PatternGrammarBank) (5) minEditedCost=SystemMax; minEditedSug=“” for each pattern in patGram (6)...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 05:20

... bed la lima file la crema (M)cream la trama plot la estratagema stratagem la yema yolk, fingertip la forma form -dad la agilidad agility la severidad severity la ansiedad anxiety la sociedad society la ... are masculine: el carisma, cisma (schism),clima, cometa (comet), delta, d´ a (day), emblema, mapa, planeta, problema, tranv´ a (streetcar / tram). In all these cases, save d´ a, mapa, and tranv´ a, ... same, one is always lost in rapid speech: la ayuda = l’ayuda, para agradecerle = par’agradecerle. Note the very common, colloquial Mexican expression for many: hasta pa’aventar pa’arriba (hasta...

Ngày tải lên: 21/09/2012, 10:39

Ngày tải lên: 17/08/2013, 08:35

Ngày tải lên: 30/08/2013, 23:42

... alicate pliers *la braga panties, knickers *la escalera stairs la estad´ıstica statistics *la gente people *la malla tights *el pantal´on pants, trousers el pijama / la piyama (M) pajamas *la pinza ... edificio El ´arbol est´aenelparque La hoz est´aenlamonta˜na El gato est a cerca de (near) la puerta La naci´on est a contenta El l´apiz est´aenlamesa La ni ˜na est a feliz La flor est´aenelflorero La tribu ... siguiente Caminar (M)/andar hasta Correos No manejar un carro (M)/conducir un coche (Yo) entrar en la cocina y abrir la ventana Regresar a casa Escribir una carta en la mesa Los amigos vivir en Estados...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 06:20

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Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 01:20

... straightforward and vibrant like vocabulary, especially when the latter tends towards the informal and slang. The mortar of language (grammar) is never so interesting as the bricks (vocabulary). ... a means of making sure that we have assimilated the grammatical points being illustrated. This Student Grammar of French is aimed at meeting all those needs. It is conceived in such a way that ... others. This grammar book takes as its basis the variety of French that oscillates between standard French – the French used for news broadcasts and in good-quality newspapers and magazines – and the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 23:20

... Translating a Unification Grammar with Disjunctions into Logical Constraints Mikio Nakano and Akira Shimazu* NTT Basic Research Laboratories 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi 243-0198 Japan ... unification-based approach is that it enables us to describe grammar declaratively, making the development and amendment of grammar easy. Analysis systems that are based on unification gram- mars can ... presented a method for translating a grammar formalism with disjunctive information that is based on path equations and lists of pairs of labels and values into logical-constraint-based grammar representations,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 18:20

... transla- tion of natural languages, COLGATE Universit~ New York, August 1985. [Zaharin 86] Zaharin Y. "Strategies and heuristics in the analysis of a natural language in machine translation". ... correspondence. The example is taken from [Pullum 84] where he called for a 'simple' grammar which can analyse/ generate the non-context free sublanguage of the African language Bambara given ... lar- ge scale Static Grammars have been written for French in the French national machine translation project [Boitet 86] translating French intoEnglis~ and for Malay in the Malaysian national...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 10:20

... ~ A may be 40 M. Marcus, 1991. "Very Large Annotated Database of America~ English". DARPA Speech and Naawal Language Workshop, ~ Grove, Morgan Kaufmarm. F. Pereira and Y. Schabes, ... Reestimation from Partially Bracketed Corlmra', Proceedings ACY., 92, Newark. P. Resnik, 1992. "Probabilistic Tree-Adjoining Grammar as a Framework for Statistical Natural Language ... the Air Travel Information System (ATIS) spoken language corpus. Preliminary experiments yield 96% test set parsing accuracy. 1 Motivation As soon as a formal grammar characterizes a non-...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 10:20

... the Grammar Matrix as a crosslinguistic resource, as one goal of the Grammar Matrix is to reduce the cost of developing precision grammars. The fact that a grammar capable of assigning valid analy- ses ... that have not yet been analyzed (cf. Bald- win et al, 2005). 5 Conclusion This paper has presented a precision, hand-built grammar for the Australian language Wambaya, and through that grammar ... Wambaya, illustrating its semantic represen- tations and analyses and measuring its performance against held-out data. I hope to have shown the grammar to be reasonably substantial, and thus an interesting...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 01:20

... emphasize that the predicate is intransitive and it may have a locative adjunct. Similarly, a T.OBJECT link is added from “kitap” to “okudu˘gum”. Similar labels were added to the treebank manually ... for ap- proximately 800 sentences. (9) a. Uyudu˘gum araba yandı. Sleep+PASTPART car burn+PAST. The car I slept in burned. b. Okudu˘gum kitap yandı. Read+PASTPART book burn+PAST. The book I read ... categorial and phrase structure grammars. In Language and Information ed. Bar-Hillel, Addison- Wesley, pages 99–115. Yehoshua Bar-Hillel. 1953. A quasi-arithmetic descrip- tion for syntactic description....

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 06:20

... and layout. To cover a large range of styles, many patterns must be made avail- able to the generator, even though only a fraction are relevant for a particular company and a partic- ular knowledge ... Hofmann. 1989. Paragraphs and anaphora. Journal of Pragmatics, 13:239 250. H. Horacek. 1997. An algorithm for generat- ing referential descriptions with flexible inter- faces. In 35th Annual ... of efficiency, ICONOCLAST employs a top-down generator coupled with a unification grammar. The grammar adheres strictly to Oc- cain's razor: features or rules are admitted only if they...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:20

... dv2. andar© v.intran.simple I The other sets of data are contained in the Prolog workspace and are structured as tables of a relational data base. The set of the classes of endings is a table ... lemma I stem ending dam synt=categ label matte matt da_bello adj.qualific. 1 mattino mattin dn_oggctto noun.common 3 di di prep.simple 2 andare vad dv 1 _andare v.intran.simple 1 andare and ... "stem" of a lemma with alterations, affixes, endings and enelities. This grammar can both generate from a given lemma all the current Italian words deriving from it and analyze a given word...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 05:21

... focussed around the application of unification to an informational structure that maps attribute names (also called feature names, slot names, or labels) to values (Kay, 198 4a; Kay, 1984b; ... (number@singular, person@third) , subject @ (agreement@X)) INHERITANCE GRAMMARS An IG consists of several IS -A statements and several grammar rul¢~. A grammar rule is a definite clause which ... instead of "-, the rule is treated as a context-free grammar rule and the interpreter automatically appends two additional arguments (start and end) to facilitate parsing. The final...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 17:20

... HR xiangchang 'sausage', ^M xiangjiao 'banana', #A gutou 'bone', tt^f zhuzi 'pillar; column', YlJ- zhuzi 'bamboo'.) yl gan qiang a rifle (Also ... ba 'handle' is used as a classifier for things with a handle: —fETJ raters-? -fcJE&l Affilg yi ba dao Hang ba cud san ba qiao si ba shanzi wii ba san liu ba saozhou qi ... zhadan 'bomb', i^# zidan 'bullet', ^®# shouliudan 'hand- grenade', '£> xln 'heart', 5FS yachi 'tooth', M xlng 'star', IS tang...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 13:43

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Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2014, 00:31

Ngày tải lên: 17/04/2014, 09:42

Ngày tải lên: 17/04/2014, 09:44

Ngày tải lên: 17/04/2014, 09:44