a ``brake´´ on t cell activation

... induce a cross-reactive response Because amino acid substitutions at TCR contact positions can alter recognition [38–41], we also used peptides that shared most or all TCR contacts with the hAG 280–292 ... addition to the altered MHC contact surface, it has been shown that a conserved substitution of the peptide side-chain interacting with P6 can essentially abrogate T- cell recognition [43] The substitution ... affinity, and we addressed T- cell cross-reactivity based on MHC– peptide–TCR interactions We demonstrated that a strong correlation exists between a peptide’s predicted affinity for DR4 and its ability...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:21

... data presented herein demonstrate that subtle alterations affecting the ability of a lentivirus to cause T cell activation can have a dramatic impact on disease progression and the integrity ... this, subtle alterations in the ability of a lentivirus to cause T cell activation can have a dramatic impact on disease progression Conclusions The mutation of a conserved diacidic motif in the Nef ... are not related to the ERK-mediated effects of the Nef202/203GG mutant To analyze the functional activity of the mutated Nef protein, we first determined its ability to suppress NF-AT activation...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 01:20

... stimulated maturation of mouse DCs in culture [47] The salient finding was that the dsDNA preparation was just as effective at induction of DC maturation as the standard inducer TNF -a The obtained ... preparation stimulate maturation and activity of cells of the adaptive immunity [9,39] There are chemotherapeutic agents capable of potentiating immunogenicity of tumor cells directly at the ... growth There were reasons for suggesting that the integration of cytostatics with dsDNA preparation may be a treatment modality for enhancing regression of established tumors According to the data...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 19:22

... following treatment with TCDD PKCh is translocated in TCDD-treated L-MAT cells We performed an nPKC translocation assay by fractionating L-MAT cells into cytosol and particulate fractions and then examining ... found that PKCh, but not PKCd, was activated in TCDD-treated L-MAT cells We suggest that TCDD treatment of L-MAT cells induces signal transduction, leading to very rapid activation of PKCh, as a ... N-terminal kinase (JNK1) is rapidly activated in L-MAT cells, and that a dominant negative mutant of JNK prevented TCDD-induced cell death [7] Ghaffari-Tabrizi et al and others have demonstrated that...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... Con-1r1 Con-1r2 U16-17F U16-17R gac act cca cca tag atc act c cat gat gca cgc tct acg aga c ctg tga gga act act gtc ttc acg cag cac tcg caa cca ccc tat cag cca gcn cac aaa ggn ata gga gg acb acy ... acy gcn cct tch cct ttc ccc aat ccc ccc ttt tct tta aaa tt cgt aga aca gaa gac cgg c aga act gca aat cgt tcc g [5] [5] [5] [5] [33] [33] [33] [34] [34] Page of (page number not for citation purposes) ... understand the impact of multiple infections at a cellular level, both on virus reproduction and its characteristics and on their effects on cell functionality This may help explain some pathogenic consequences...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 18:20

... Con-1r1 Con-1r2 U16-17F U16-17R gac act cca cca tag atc act c cat gat gca cgc tct acg aga c ctg tga gga act act gtc ttc acg cag cac tcg caa cca ccc tat cag cca gcn cac aaa ggn ata gga gg acb acy ... acy gcn cct tch cct ttc ccc aat ccc ccc ttt tct tta aaa tt cgt aga aca gaa gac cgg c aga act gca aat cgt tcc g [5] [5] [5] [5] [33] [33] [33] [34] [34] Page of (page number not for citation purposes) ... understand the impact of multiple infections at a cellular level, both on virus reproduction and its characteristics and on their effects on cell functionality This may help explain some pathogenic consequences...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... contained flanking BstXI sites for subsequent cloning to the pTRAIRES-GFP and CRU5-IRES-GFP vectors [48,50] BstXTRA5G: 5؅-TTGCAGAACCACCACCTTGGGCTCTTAACCTAGGCCGATC-3؅ BstXTRA3D: 5؅-TTGCAGAACCAATTTAATGGCGGCCAGTCAGGCCATCGTCG-3؅ ... provided as additional materials with this article online: details of the selection and infection of Jurkat clone 4D9 (Additional data file 1); construction of the pTRA-cDNA libraries and assessing the ... characterization of additional hits from the T- cell activation screen (Additional data file 7); correlation of the CD69 inhibitory phenotype with the cDNA expression level (Additional data file...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 18:20

... differentiation and activation. 27 In a Fas-­ R fusion protein chimera system, estrogen E was able to reduce ­ poptosis-­ ediated cytotoxic T lymphoa m cyte activity.28 In conclusion, the capacity ... differentiation and activation J Immunol 2005;175:2666–75 Kametaka M, Kume A, Okada T, et al Reduction of CTLL-­ cytotoxic2 ity by induction of apoptosis with Fas-­ strogen receptor chimera Cane ... profile, and state of activation of vaginal T cells Based on the temporal kinetics of vaginal fungal bur- Al-­ adeq et al, Vaginal T Lymphocytes S 161 Figure Vaginal lymphocytes isolated from...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 21:20

... correlation between HIV VL and immune activation has made it difficult to resolve the relative contributions of immune activation independently of viremia on disease progression Although spontaneous ... (

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:22

... http://arthritis-research.com/content/12/1/R31 Authors’ contributions ES contributed to isolation and characterization of MSCs; MSC stimulation, quantitative PCR, and Bio-Plex; CIA induction and evaluation; humoral and cellular responses; ... humoral and cellular responses; and analysis of T- cell proliferation LG contributed to CIA induction and evaluation and to analysis of T- cell proliferation PM contributed to the design of the study ... study and to manuscript preparation All authors contributed to interpretation of the data All authors read and approved the final manuscript Page 10 of 11 18 19 20 Competing interests The authors...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 11:23

... organs of these mice Discussion Autoimmune diseases are initiated and mediated by autoreactive T cells that can mount a direct attack on the target tissues or act in concert with B cells by providing ... week after the third PG immunization) and ended on day 75 (b) Long-term (prophylactic) treatment was initiated after the first immunization and ended on day 70 Data shown are the mean ± standard ... observation suggests that arthritogenic Abs and T cells may briefly synergize to initiate inflammation but that continuous in vivo production of autoAbs by B cells (probably in a T cell- supported...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 12:20

... constitutive Th1 activation are present Still missing in the puzzle is the stimulus inducing the Th2 activation present in non allergic asthma [3] Lastly, our results demonstrate that Botturi et al ... http://respiratory-research.com/content/12/1/25 although targeting one type of T cell activation only would be a pitfall in allergic asthma, there is a rationale to develop strategies based on ... demonstrated a Th2/Treg imbalance inducible upon allergen stimulation That Th2 activation was not seen in non allergic patients and could be broken by CD28 and ICOS blockade indicates that it...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 13:22

... neuropeptides on T cell activation should therefore take into account not only the direct effects of these mediators on T cells but also their indirect effects through the modulation of DC function Anatomy ... determined, although certain DC subsets contain immunoreactive somatostatin VIP and the structurally related pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) are present within immune ... Respiratory Research Vol No Lambrecht 44 Delgado M, Ganea D: Vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide inhibit expression of Fas ligand in activated T lymphocytes...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:20

... LTR When mice carry both the LTR-LUC and GZB TAX transgenes (TAX-LUC mice), the events associated with the expression of Tax, including T- cell activation, constitutive NFKB activation, and spontaneous ... (Fig 2A, bottom panels) served as a reporter for inflammation The intensity of luminol BLI after PMA treatment was greater in TAX-LUC mice than LTR-LUC littermates that lack the Tax transgene ... was also detected in LUCDO animals, although it was more intense in Tax transgenic animals (Fig 4C) These results demonstrate that OA in CFA is sufficient to activate basal HTLV LTR transcriptional...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:22

... levels of T cell activation markers, with a stronger effect on CD8 than on CD4 T cell activation [4,5] A pattern of immune activation, including an increase of activated T cell subsets and of the HIV-1 ... commercial ELISA kits according to the manufacturer's instructions (Quantikine R&D Systems, Oxon, UK) Statistical analysis Statistical analysis was performed by using the STATA 8.0 statistical package ... before activation, BA) and then activated PBMC with PHA to allow efficient viral replication In parallel, we also infected 3-days PHA activated PBMC (infection after activation, AA) The levels...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 09:20

... with HTLV-1/2 indeterminate serology This survey was approved by both the national (Cameroon Ministry of Health and their National Ethics committee) and local authorities (village chief) with ... information to each participant An oral informed consent was obtained from each participant (adults or parents for minors) A series of 240 blood samples was obtained from Bakola (n = 64) and Baka ... Bootstrap support (1,000 replicates) is noted on the branches of the tree The branch lengths are drawn to scale, with the bar indicating 0.1 nucleotide replacement per site transmissions that have...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 09:21

... may attenuate the functions of these factors and could lead to increased DNA structural instability and progression of damage Progression of DNA structural damage may ultimately contribute to and ... suggests that telomeric repeats may also be transiently added to de novo interstitial chromosomal breaks leading to their stabilization and preventing further exacerbation of damage [22] Accordingly, ... protein contains a context dependent transcriptional activation domain that induces the TCR alpha enhancer in T cells Genes Dev 1993, 7:2418-2430 Weaver DT: Telomeres: moonlighting by DNA repair...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 09:21

... different microenvironments F Matrix metalloproteinase substrates MMPs function can be regulated at many levels In addition to transcriptional and translational regulation, MMPs can be regulated at the ... differentiation through ROR t (16, 17) It is important to note that although T cell activation is often discussed and diagramed as a linear pathway starting at the receptor and ending in the nucleus, there ... patients, lung transplantation is the only therapeutic option Despite significant medical improvements, patient survival rates 5years after transplantation is estimated to be 50 percent (85) The...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2014, 11:37

... maturation is dependent on TNF that was produced during CD137L stimulation Addition of anti-TNF neutralizing antibodies abrogated DC maturation These DC matured with CD137 treatment were functional ... stimulation activates peripheral monocytes Apart from being an activating factor, CD137L activation enhanced monocyte survival, proliferation and endomitosis Primary peripheral monocytes that were ... DC as a separate cell type not actually exist However, the general consensus is that DCs being the most potent APC remain the only cell type that can activate naïve T cells 29    Introduction...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:54

... monomethylation as a reaction intermediate [4] Post-translational modifications within T- cell- receptor signaling cascades allow T lymphocytes to initiate a rapid and appropriate immune response to pathogens ... substrate of PRMT1 Arginine methylation facilitates the interaction between NIP45 and NFAT, thereby augmenting cytokine expression [7] As a transcriptional co-activator, PRMT1 is recruited to the ... These results demonstrate a role for arginine methylation in T- cell function, suggesting that PRMT inhibitors may be valuable for the treatment of autoimmune diseases As SAM is the methylation...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 11:20