8 mri contrast agents state of the art and new trends

... load the arm The hand piece consists of a trough for the forearm and a cm diameter cylinder placed in the palm of the user's hand Regardless of whether the user was capable of grasping the cylinder, ... elastic straps around the proximal and distal forearm fixed this segment to the trough (Figure 1A) and ensured coupling of the user to the device A strap across the sternum and over the shoulders minimized ... resistance force of the passive limb to the stretch as a measure of stiffness [22] To assess active supported (i.e with the weight of the arm supported by the device) ROM and maximum velocity, the subjects...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... 8. 9 90.1 ±10.4 89 .8 ±9.5 87 .1 ±9.4 91.7 ±7.0 0 .86 ±0. 08 0 .85 ±0.05 0 .84 ±0.05 0 .82 ±0.09 56.9 ±6.3 53.9 8. 0 53.1 ±7.0 53 .8 8. 8 123.0 ±11.0 120.9 ±11.9 1 28. 1 ±11.4 123.0 ±11.6 80 .0 ±5.2 94.3 ... ±12.5 74.6 ±7.0 119 .8 ±12.2 74.7 ±7.2 1 18. 9 ±16.2 75.2 ±7.2 116.1 ±11.1 76.9 ±6.2 89 .3 8. 1 89 .7 8. 3 89 .8 ±9.5 90.0 ±7.0 0 .87 ±0.09 0 .88 ±0.06 0 .86 ±0.06 0 .86 ±0.10 A Low Caffeine Users (n=14) ... maximal blood levels of the ingredients [11, 13] Expired air was then collected and analyzed during the next 10 of the session Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded at the end of expired air...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:10

... 70% of the phosphorus in the sludge was solubilized by ozonation, and a large part of the solubilized phosphorus consisted of PO4-P Over 90% of the solubilized phosphorus was absorbed, and the ... internal diameter of 0.2 m and a height of 0 .8 m (effective volume of 20 L) The ozonation system received sludge withdrawn continuously from the end of the anoxic tank When the amount of sludge reached ... phosphorus removal and denitrification (3) Most of the phosphorus in the sludge was solubilized by ozonation, and a large part of the solubilized phosphorus consisted of PO4-P Over 90% of the PO4-P was...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:38

... concentrations of the analyte are prepared to construct each external calibration curve, consisting of the concentration of an alkyl nitrite on the horizontal axis and peak area on the vertical axis The ... suppress the decomposition and evaporation of isobutyl nitrite throughout the procedure (from the sampling until injection to GC, and from the standard solution to a test specimen) In principle, the ... that the concentration of isobutyl nitrite detected by analysis only shows one at the time point of the injection into GC and does not reflect the in vivo level Under the present GC conditions, the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 00:15

... in the marked contamination of the ion source of an MS instrument The lighting-up time for the filament should be delayed as much as possible to protect the ion source and the analytical part of ... (c) a CI mass spectrum of the same derivative of EMPA data of animals According to the reports by the US army [15,16], the minimal toxic and lethal concentrations of VX via the airway are said to ... form of VX The absorption of VX through the eye mucosa and the skin results in its poisoning In the murder terrorism with VX taking place in Osaka, Japan, 1994, VX was sprayed on the back of the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 00:15

... MS, Sathe S et al (1975) Synthesis of metabolites of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol J Am Chem Soc 97:37 98 380 2 8) Ohlsson A, Agurell S, Leander K et al (1979) Synthesis and psychotropic activity of side-chain ... 188 Cannabinoids and their metabolites GC analysis of cannabinoids in plant specimensa Reagents and their preparation • • • Extraction and purification of cannabinoids [3]: ... One of the above dry residues is dissolved in mL of solution of diazomethane in ethyl ether i, left at room temperature for 30 and evaporated to dryness The residue is then subjected to the above...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 19:15

... and some comments on the method Qualitative analysis is made by the comparison of the retention time of a peak of a specimen with that of the authentic standard and also by the confirmation of ... compound; the levels are significantly increased by various stresses [7] Therefore, the detection of low levels of morphine starting from a large amount of a specimen cannot be a proof of the intake of ... Milford, MA, USA) to activate the cartridge just before use For the handling method, see “Reagents and their preparation”, of the GC and GC/MS analysis section of this chapter Analytical conditions...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 19:15

... with a cap and vortex-mixed for ii After centrifugation, the supernatant solution is decanted into another polypropylene tube of the same type; 20 µL of IS solution and 0.2 mL of the saturated ... addition of 0.5 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid f and 0.5 mL of mesitylene Nitrate and nitrite compounds iv The mixture is vortex-mixed for and centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for v A 0.2-mL volume of the ... with a cap, vortexmixed and centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for A 0.2-mL volume of the supernatant solution is transferred to another polypropylene tube of the same type, and 0.5 mL of concentrated sulfuric...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 19:15

... detector 38 flame photometric detector 38, 102, 537 flame thermionic detector 38, 379, 537, 597 flame thermionic ionization detector 563 florisil 188 fludiazepam 284 , 285 flunitrazepam 284 , 285 9-fluorenylmethyl ... 533 carteolol 373, 375 catechol 3-hydroxyaminophen 337, 3 38 CBC 189 CBD 187 , 189 CBN 187 , 189 CBP-1 311, 331 CE 172, 177, 403 CE/MS 514, 515 cefotaxime 3 98 cefoxitin 3 98, 400 cefuroxime 3 98, 400 ... 38, 385 surfactants 407 sweat 12 switching valve 39 symmetry Shield RP 18 296 synthetic pyrethroids 425 T tabun 616 Takifugu rubripes 481 tandem MS 41 tar 503 TC-1 251, 384 , 387 TC-17 385 , 387 ...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 19:15

... between the stationary phase and the mobile phase, which is just the principle of the solid-phase extraction The essential nature of the Extrelut® column is the partition of a molecule between the ... Therefore, it is difficult to accurately estimate the cause of death, time of death and time after drug use, using the ratio of cocaine to BE and the brain-to-blood ratios of cocaine and BE The ... EME and BE disappeared from urine in 8 16 h, 24– 48 h and 48 72 h, respectively [15] Although the amounts of the compounds excreted into urine is dependent on the methods of administration, the...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 01:15

... Assessment of the method > Table 5.1 shows EI mass spectra of pentazocine and IS The base peaks unfortunately appeared in a low mass range at m/z 70 and 59, respectively Therefore, the author et al [8] ... of both therapeutic and toxic levels of pentazocine in blood The recovery of pentazocine using the Sep-Pak C 18 cartridge was close to 100 % for both whole blood and urine [8] In this method, dextromethorphan ... volume of ethanol and 10 mL distilled water are passed through a Sep-Pak C 18 cartridge using a 10-mL volume glass syringe to activate the cartridge at a flow rate not faster than mL/min The cartridge...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 02:15

... After the pH of the solution is adjusted to 8. 5, the solution is extracted with an appropriate amount of chloroform four times The combined chloroform extract is evaporated to dryness; the residue ... solvent system and 0.55 with the (B) system The colors of the spot of LSD are blue-purple with the p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde reagent, orange with the Dragendorff reagent and purple with the iodoplatinate ... and other manufacturers) Developing solvents: (A) acetone/chloroform (4:1, v/v); (B) chloroform/methanol/n-hexane (4:2:1, v/v) Assessment of the method The Rf values of LSD were 0.29 with the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2013, 01:15

... mottled 8. 4 off-white 7.2 red mottled 6.9 light green, blue, yellow 8. 1 mottled blue mottled 8. 4 off-white 9.1 off-white 8. 1 off-white 8. 2 red mottled 9.1 off-white 8. 2 light green mottled 8. 2 yellow ... O-methylation and conjugation; HMMA is the major urinary metabolite of MDMA [6–9] For more reliable and effective proof of the use of MDAs, their metabolites with the cleavage of methylenedioxy ... mL of methanol, mL of distilled water and mL of 25 mM KH2PO4 solution ii The hydrolyzed urine sample is mixed with mL of 75 mM KH2PO4 solution and loaded on the preconditioned cartridge iii The...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2013, 01:15

... intensitiy) 200 (100) 242 (84 ) 246 (100) 71 ( 98) 84 (24) 172 (84 ) 91 ( 18) 232 (63) 186 (13) 2 18 (46) Assessment of the method > Table 8. 1 shows EI mass spectra of PCP and IS In this method, combined ... Clin Chem 40: 181 9– 182 2 23) Schulz M, Schmoldt A (2003) Therapeutic and toxic blood concentrations of more than 80 0 drugs and other xenobiotics Pharmazie 58: 447–474 24) Jackson JE (1 989 ) Phencyclidine ... the range of 0 83 µg/mL The regression equations were y = 69.4 x – 1. 28 (r = 0.9996) for blood, and y = 115 x + 1 .80 (r = 0.9990) for distilled water The coefficients of variation for blood and...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2013, 01:15

... probable reasons of such a phenomenon, the slight thermal decomposition of the authentic standard during the step of GC, and/ or protection of the target phenothiazine from its thermal decomposition ... and water; the procedure had been repeated 2–3 times However, for the recent lots of the same type of cartridges, the above procedures oppositely cause the appearance of many impurity peaks The ... on the kinds of phenothiazines Since the toxic concentrations of phenothiazines are several hundred ng–1 µg/mL, the sensitivity of the present method is sufficient to detect the toxic levels The...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 12:15

... that of HPLC or LC/MS HPLC and LC/MS analysis Reagents and their preparation The sources for acquisition of haloperidol, bromperidol and their reduced forms is the same as described in the GC/MS ... phase of HPLC or LC/MS For HPLC-DAD and LC/MS, 50 and 20 µL of the above solution are injected, respectively For the SIM of LC/MS, the ions at m/z 376, 3 78 and 422 are used for detection of haloperidol, ... compared for analysis of haloperidol and bromperidol, the LC/MS seems of the best choice for their trace analysis The HPLC method enables highly sensitive detection (ng/mL) of the compounds with...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 12:15

... 269 85 314 195 235 2 08 71 58 221 202 295 58 85 234 193 58 235 193 4 18 59 70 277 203 193 72 264 165 202 220 189 91 83 261 70 202 58 249 193 99 277 313 227 266 234 280 2 08 191 1 78 263 217 294 *: molecular ... detection of the peak of lofepramine Poisoning cases, and toxic and fatal concentrations In > Table 3.1, the therapeutic and toxic blood concentrations of each compound are shown [4] For all drugs, the ... human serum using the mobile phase (B) With the use of the Eclipse XDB-C8 column, the peak top of nortriptyline (D) could be separated from that of amoxapine (E), but major parts of their peaks could...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 12:15

... (61), 206 ( 58) 280 (100), 314 (87 ), 315 ( 68) , 288 (54), 89 (52) 259 (100), 293 (65), 294 (64), 205 (59), 89 (50) 279 (100), 273 (90), 3 08 (88 ), 204 (84 ), 102 (82 ) 382 (100), 326 (87 ), 341 (63), ... 285 286 Benzodiazepines chlordizepoxide, between flutoprazepam and bromazepam and between flurazepam and nitrazepam could not be achieved; the peak of tofisopam showed tailing The separation of ... manifold, and mL methanol and mL water are passed through the cartridge for conditioningc iv The supernatant fraction prepared at the step ii) is loaded on the Oasis HLB cartridge c v The cartridge...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 12:15

... 100 µL of the mobile phase, and a 10-µL aliquot is injected into HPLC Bromisovalum ⊡ Figure 5.2 HPLC chromatograms for blood extracts in the presence and absence of bromisovalum and IS The concentration ... under the present HPLC conditions and thus can be an indicator of ingestion of Wutt In some analgesic-antipyretics, bromisovalum is also contained together with acetaminophen and ethenzamide Therefore, ... months Using the femoral bone marrow, the analysis of bromisovalum was conducted by GC/MS and LC/MS The drug was identified by the methods; its concentrations measured by LC/MS were 93 .8 and 26.0...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 12:15