7 of human genes hosted in segmental duplications

... GEO: mining tens of millions of expression profiles - database and tools update Nucleic Acids Res 20 07, 35:D760-D765 Lee HK, Hsu AK, Sajdak J, Qin J, Pavlidis P: Coexpression analysis of human genes ... 359:19 17- 1919 Feng D, Tu Z, Wu W, Liang C: Inhibiting the expression of DNA replication-initiation proteins induces apoptosis in human cancer cells Cancer Res 2003, 63 :73 56 -73 64 Gonzalez MA, Pinder ... the bulk of experiments is often available in a single platform In a number of network reconstruction applications, one might be interested in the coexpression of units of multiple genes such...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:21

... the binding site helps to explain the great diversity of antibodies because of the large number of possible pair combinations A set of experiments initiated by Susumu Tonegawa of the Basel Institute ... kinds of V (variable) genes, 12 D (diversity) genes and four J (joining) genes The C, or constant, genes vary in ways that aÝect only the function of the antibody, not its antigen aÛnity During ... antigen-capturing cells CD8 cells react to samples of peptides originating within a cell itself, such as a segment of a virus in an infected cell or mutant proteins in a cancer cell Each variety of T...

Ngày tải lên: 12/05/2014, 14:50

... sialidase often interrupts binding In particular, an arginine residue within the first Ig domain is a key aminoacid residue for binding to SIA [2] Comparison of the N-terminal Ig-like domain (Ig-D1) of ... (Fig 7A) or primary eosinophil cell lysates (data not shown) are capable of binding to the cytoplasmic domain of the siglec-10 protein The binding of SHP-1, however, was missing from the Y667F ... mutant indicating this to be the preferred tyrosine for interaction with SHP-1 SHP-2 binding, however, was only diminished by < 50% in the Y667F mutant, indicating that SHP-2 may be binding both...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 04:21

... analysis of nearly 100 human interleukin genes, they found the highest single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) frequencies in geographical areas with the highest number of endemic helminth species; ... immunopathology offers the possibility of pinpointing mechanisms that require inhibition or amplification for treatment of disease, identifying genotypes that may be exceptionally susceptible to either infection ... showing greatest variability included some encoding cytokines controlling both innate immune responses (such as the IL-1 family) and adaptive Th2 responses (such as IL-4 and IL-4R) Strikingly (in...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 19:20

... capable of differentiating into TR cells following activation are derived from a separate lineage of CD4+ T cells, and whether their induction is a result of the initial activation early in the inflammatory ... stimulating CD4+ T cells through coengagement of CD3 and the complement regulator CD46 in the presence of IL-2 These conditions resulted in IL-10producing cells capable of inhibiting the activation of ... modulation of autoimmune diabetes J Immunol 2003, 171 :73 3 -74 4 35 Wildbaum G, Netzer N, Karin N: Tr1 cell-dependent active tolerance blunts the pathogenic effects of determinant spreading J Clin Invest...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:24

... Regulation of the development of type T-helper cells in allergy Curr Opin Immunol 1994, 6:838–846 Martinez FD: Role of viral infections in the inception of asthma and allergies during childhood: ... source of endotoxin Interestingly, the gut microflora of infants growing in developing countries is characterized by early colonization, high turnover rate and high strain diversity of Gram-negative ... would be interesting to determine the magnitude of exposure to orofaecal and food-borne infections [22], and to saprophytic bacteria-contaminated soil [11], in inner cities It is tempting to speculate...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:20

... present in the fluctuating quantity of protein copies and, as thermodynamic noise in the course of protein binding to the proteasome, in protein translocation and binding to the cleavage terminal ... The Interaction of Inert Gases Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A 1930, 129:686-698 83 Pauling L: A Theory of the Color of Dyes Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of ... level of the single receptor as well as at the emerging level that derives from integration of multiple signals by the collective of interacting cells The signal originating from ligand binding...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:20

... residues involved in hydrophobic contact Hydrogen bond & length Atoms involved in hydrophobic contact His 53 Figure docked into the CCR2b binding pocket TAK 779 16 TAK 779 docked into the CCR2b binding ... ligand in hydrogenpocket, showing the primary residues involved binding Farglitazar Farglitazar docked into the PPARgamma ligand binding pocket, showing the primary residues involved in hydrogenbonding ... length Atoms involved in hydrophobic contact His 53 Figure 27 Irbesartan docked into the PPARgamma ligand binding domain Irbesartan docked into the PPARgamma ligand binding domain Note: The core...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 23:20

... subject of a series of geneexpression profiling studies, including now-classic studies demonstrating the ‘disease within disease’ concept and correlating gene-expression signatures with cells of origin ... Classification of human lung carcinomas by mRNA expression profiling reveals distinct adenocarcinoma subclasses Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001, 98:1 379 0-1 379 5 23 Golub TR: Genome-wide views of cancer ... assessing predicted disease progression in individual patients Attainment of this goal will help physicians to decide the best course of treatment and will also increase our understanding of how...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:21

... catenin-like protein 1) as an AID-interacting protein Interestingly, he found that an AID mutant deficient in CTNNBL1 binding retains deamination activity but is impaired in class switching, ... arginine 2, in both mouse and human systems While dispensable for in vitro VDJ recombination, the PHD finger was essential in vivo for recruiting Rag2 to its target genes Moreover, recombination ... restraining the expression of pro-myeloid factors (such as Gfi1), and acting directly to induce the recombinase (Rag) genes and thereby recombination at the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus Interestingly,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 20:22

... of this chapter 1.2 Learning Objective Provide an overview of the financial crisis of 20 07 2009 Bubble An unsustainable increase in the price of a class of assets The Financial Crisis of 20 07 2009 ... it in later chapters as well Origins of the Financial Crisis The origins of the financial crisis lie in the housing bubble of 2000–2005 A bubble is an unsustainable increase in the price of a ... shadow banking system more or less likely today than in 20 07? Briefly explain your answer Issuance of Corporate Debt 2004 2005 $1 ,77 9.0 1,966 .7 869.8 1, 172 .1 $78 0 .7 752.8 2006 1,9 87. 8 1,253.1...

Ngày tải lên: 18/08/2013, 19:46

... carcinoma incidence ↑ lymphoma incidence ↑ adenocarcinoma incidence ↑ lymphoma incidence ↑ adenocarcinoma incidence ↑↑ adenocarcinoma incidence ↑ carcinoma incidence no change in cancer incidence ... carcinogenesis in humans, pre-malignant skin and cervix in HPV16 mice is characterized by chronic infiltration of innate immune cells in the stromal tissue25,26 (FIG 2) Interestingly, the profile of infiltrating ... key intermediary of NFκB — in intestinal epithelial cells did not decrease intestinal inflammation, as measured by inflammatory cytokine production, but instead reduced susceptibility to inflammation-induced...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 01:20

... repeal the union dues checkoff Indiana offers the most stunning example of a governor hitting the ground running In his first of cial act upon inauguration in January 2005, Indiana Governor Mitch ... proceed in the future In so doing, the volume contributes to understanding the ethos of government management in democracy Certainly no single compendium of current work in a multidisciplinary ... (about 72 percent in Georgia, 48 percent in Idaho, 40 percent in Kansas, 35 percent in Colorado, 33 percent in Oklahoma, 30 percent in West Virginia, and over 20 percent in Illinois, Washington,...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 19:20

... career in business This 12-month, full-time programme is a business qualification with impact In 2010, our MiM employment rate was 95% within months of graduation*; the majority of graduates choosing ... consumption in period t + (when she is in the second period of life, and thus old) ρ is the subjective discount rate In the first period of life, each individual supplies one unit of labor, earns labor income, ... intertemporal budget constraint of the individuals: c1,t + (1 + g)(1 + n) c2,t+1 = wt − dt + dt + rt+1 + rt+1 (26) This means that from the point of view of an individual, the rate of return on pension...

Ngày tải lên: 09/04/2014, 19:20

... Graduate Faculty in Economics in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Professor Christos Giannikos Date Chair of Examining Committee Professor Thom ... business cycles As a representation of a random industry, we analyze real-estate industry of the United States for two main reasons: one, real estate is one of the dominant industry sectors of ... dominant states plays quite a signi cant role in the formation of the business cycle patterns of the former group of states The business cycle patterns of the major oil supply states are distinctly...

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2014, 02:10

... functions of this transcriptional regulator We now know that AhR plays a role in promoting (though not in initiating) the differentiation of TH 17 cells, and more importantly, in inducing them ... effect in this autoimmune model with a view to future application in treatment of the disease While the role of AhR in the induction of the cytokine IL-22 is now defined in mice as well as humans, ... them to secrete the cytokine interleukin (IL)-22 (a cytokine implicated in the defense of mucosal barriers) AhR-dependent induction of IL-22 is seen with several distinct ligands, so it is not...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 19:21

... Anaplasma marginale infection in Indian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Indian J Animal Health 1 978 , 17, 105110 26 Sharma, S P Characterization of Anaplasma marginale infection in buffaloes Indian J ... times (800 × g/3 min) in PBS-HS, then incubated in the dark for 30 minutes at 4oC in 100 µl of a : 200 dilution of fluorescein (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin (IgG and IgM specific ... or N4 isoforms of WC1 These findings suggest that the distribution of WC1− and WC1+ cells will be similar in lymphoid tissues to that of cattle also No difference was noted in the ratio of CD4+...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 15:20

... [10], a dominant role of TNFR1-mediated signaling in SLCs in joint inflammation Remarkably, we found that TNFR1 silencing in knee joints also protected the ipsilateral ankle joints in CIA mice ... Cartilage depletion, defined as the loss of proteoglycan content, was scored on a scale ranging from to per region, depending on the intensity of staining in the cartilage Infiltration of cells was scored ... activation of macrophages [38,39] TNFR1 silencing in SLCs resulted in a significant reduction of secreted IL-6 and IL-1β levels in the joint, which indicates an inhibition of the local cytokine cascade...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 12:20

... nonreciprocal inhibition of endocytosis is mediated by receptor-specific intracellular trafficking of β-arrestins [42] Interestingly, interaction of vasopressin with arrestins and resistance of vasopressin ... luteinizing hormone, and epinephrine [adrenaline]), neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, dopamine, and serotonin) and chemokines (interleukin-8) Local mediators signal to the four main G protein ... combining with oxytocin receptors in the heart Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 19 97, 94:1 170 4-1 170 9 77 Paquin J, Danalache BA, Jankowski M, McCann SM, Gutkowska J: Oxytocin induces differentiation of P19...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:22

... vasopressin had a significant (80%) reduction in vasopressor requirement Interestingly, patients in the vasopressin arm experienced a doubling in urine output and a 75 % increase in creatinine clearance ... states Clinical application of vasopressin in shock In health, vasopressin’s role in the maintenance of resting arteriolar tone and systemic blood pressure is minor Indeed, high concentrations of vasopressin ... calmodulin that activates a kinase, which phosphorylates the regulatory light chain of myosin Phosphorylated myosin activates myosin ATPase by actin and the cycling of myosin cross-bridges along actin...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:22