7 5 engineering properties of masonry infills 723

... of ε Material Optical, n2 Electrical, ε diamond 5. 66 5. 68 Only electronic polarization NaCl 2. 25 5.9 Electronic and ionic polarisation H2O 1 .77 80.4 Electronic, ionic, and molecular polarisation ... optics λ=1.3-1 .55 µm ‘MMIC’, pronounced ‘mimic’ mm wave ICs In communications, many E-M waves travel in insulating materials: What is the response of the material (εr) to these waves? 3.2 25 © E Fitzgerald-1999 ... → k   n εr 3.2 25 So polarization slows down the velocity of the wave in the material © E Fitzgerald-1999 Compare Optical (index of refraction) and Electrical Measurements of ε Material Optical,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 14:20

... force=20+ (5 4)=40kN tie area=(40×103)/ 250 =160mm2 Provide one 15mm bar within 1.2m of edge of floor Internal ties Assume Gk=5kN/m2, Qk=1.5kN/m2 and La=4m Then Ft=40kN/m width =[40 (5+ 1 .5) ×4]/ (7. 5 5) = 35. 5kN/m ... as typified in BS 56 28 (section 9 .5) 9 .5 USE OF TIES Codes of practice, such as BS 56 28, require the use of ties as a means of limiting accidental damage The provisions of BS 56 28 in this respect ... force is lesser of 2Ft=80kN/m length (h/2 .5) Ft=(3.0/2 .5) ×40=48kN/m length (which governs) Shear strength is found using Clause 25 of BS 56 28, fv=0. 35+ 0.6gA (max 1 . 75 ) or fv=0. 15+ 0.6gA (max 1.4)...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 13:21

... log p( y ) ≡ −2.3 15 − 0. 45 67 y (5. 3) (5. 4) (5. 5) Lignin 211 ∆E RT1 ∆E = logφ + 0. 45 67 = RT2 log φ1 + 0. 45 67 100 30 20 80 10 60 40 370 470 57 0 670 77 0 T/K Figure 5- 49 TG curves of dioxane lignin ... vibration 390 380 459 450 C-O stretching, aromatic 1 255 -12 65 350 350 350 359 (methoxyl) C-O stretching, aromatic 12 05- 12 15 370 370 370 370 (phenol) C-O deformation (primary 10 25- 10 35 390 350 380 390 ... molecular mass of fractionated dioxane lignin (DL) 2.1.3 Effect of thermal history Temperature of heat treatment 4 45 Tg 4 35 Tg 4 25 T gl 4 05 Tgl 3 85 3 65 Tg T gl Tgh T gh T gh T gh 3 45 T gl 350 370 390...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:20

... conductivity drastically – part in 1 07 impurity in a crystal (~1022cm-3 atom density) – 1022*1/1 07= 10 15 dopant atoms per cm-3 – n~10 15, p~1020/10 15~ 1 05 σ/σi~(p+n)/2ni~n/2ni~1 05! Impurities at the ppm level ... at the ppm level drastically change the conductivity (5- 6 orders of magnitude) 3.2 25 © E Fitzgerald-1999 18 Expected Temperature Behavior of Doped Material (Example:n-type) • temperature regimes ... oscillator, get: Ψ Ψdx * hω k x2 = E = e hω kT −1 Average energy of harmonic oscillator 3.2 25 © E Fitzgerald-1999 22 11 Estimate of T dependence of conductivity k x = E = hω hω e kT − hω = kθ kθ E = θ...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 14:20

... A.H (1 953 ) Dislocations and Plastic Flow in Crystals Oxford, UK Copyright © 2003 Marcel Dekker, Inc Cottrell, A.H (19 57 ) The Properties of Materials at High Rates of Strain Institute of Mechanical ... Mechanical Engineering, London, UK Courtney, T.H (1990) Mechanical Behavior of Materials, John Wiley, New York Frenkel, J (1926) Z Phys vol 37, p 57 2 Gilman, J.J and Johnston, W.G (19 57 ) Dislocations ... Dekker, Inc ð6 :7 FIGURE 6 .5 Structure of a screw dislocation: (a) displacement of upper half of crystal over lower half; (b) spiral path along the dislocation line (From Read, 1 953 Reprinted with...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... and poly(methyl methacrylate) with highly chlorinated ( >50 %) polyethylene (90) The mechanical properties of compatible blends resemble those of random copolymers, having a single T^ value and modulus ... (91-104) Block and graft polymers, in Elastic Moduli 55 which there are long sequences of each homopolymer, also are two-phase systems (1 05- 114) Thus in block and graft polymers there is the ... phase separation (1 15) In twophase systems where the phases are well separated, there are two glass transitions instead of the usual one Each transition is characteristic of one of the homopolymers...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... and poly(methyl methacrylate) with highly chlorinated ( >50 %) polyethylene (90) The mechanical properties of compatible blends resemble those of random copolymers, having a single T^ value and modulus ... (91-104) Block and graft polymers, in Elastic Moduli 55 which there are long sequences of each homopolymer, also are two-phase systems (1 05- 114) Thus in block and graft polymers there is the ... phase separation (1 15) In twophase systems where the phases are well separated, there are two glass transitions instead of the usual one Each transition is characteristic of one of the homopolymers...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:21

... significance of solid solution strengthening and dispersion hardening 30hMMed composite exhibited the best combination of strength and ductility Time dependence of mechanical properties of both material ... Conclusions and recommendations with yield stress of 2 05 MPa is observed from the composite sample with grain size of about 33 nm after 40h-MM Similar results of 33% ductility and 210 MPa yield stress ... strain rates, 3.33x10 -5 s-1, 3.33x10-4 s-1, 3.33x10-3 s-1 At room temperature, strain rate sensitivity factors of 0.0 87 and 0.106, and unusually small apparent activation volume of 41b3 and 34b3 are...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:11

... Fru reduction Man-ol oxidation 4.6 0.6 5. 6 1.9 6 .5 1.4 1 .5 0.1 2.0 0.2 1.4 0.1 2.9 0 .7 4.8 1.3 ND 5. 6 0 .5 5 .7 0.4 ND FEBS Journal 278 (2011) 12641 276 ê 2011 The Authors Journal compilation ... [26] [ 45] [ 45] [ 45] [ 45] [ 45] Calculated from lmolặg)1 dry mycelium with application of an intracellular volume of 1.2 mLặg)1 dry weight as determined for the mycelium of A niger [ 45] a A Man-ol ... of AfM1PDH involved initial-rate measurements under conditions of various concentrations of Fru6P (0. 178 .7 mm) and Man-ol1P (0.022.3 mm) at several constant concentrations of NADH (0.00 170 .17...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 23:20

... helical domain of FEBS Journal 277 (2010) 15 97 16 05 ª 2010 The Authors Journal compilation ª 2010 FEBS Biophysical properties of hGBP5a ⁄ b and hGBP5ta M Wehner and C Herrmann 14 15 16 17 18 19 GBP-1 ... against the concentration of added protein FEBS Journal 277 (2010) 15 97 16 05 ª 2010 The Authors Journal compilation ª 2010 FEBS Biophysical properties of hGBP5a ⁄ b and hGBP5ta M Wehner and C Herrmann ... 44 ± 4* hGBP5ta mant-GDP 0.066 ± 0.004 0.13 ± 0.01 0.23 ± 0.01 3 .5 ± 0.3 mant-GTPcS 0. 072 ± 0.006 1.4 ± 0.1 1. 15 ± 0.05a 16 ± 0.20 ± 0.03b 2.8 ± 0 .7 mant-GTP 0.0 25 ± 0.0 05 0 .72 ± 0. 07 – 30 ± 10*...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 10:20

... 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 θ (degree) Fig XRD spectra of LSMO nanoparticles with B x B 0 .5 thermally decomposed at a 600 °C, b 70 0 °C, c 800 °C, and d 900 °C for h to rhombohedral of ... 23–48 21 53 16–40 14–29 9–29 Magnetization (emu/g) – 10.4– 27. 9 15. 2–40.4 9.9–46.8 5. 0–38.1 1.3–20.4 Coercivity (Oe) – 3.6– 17. 5 7. 5 33.3 8.6–39.4 7. 3– 35. 9 6.9–30 .5 70 o 900 C (b) 900 C 60 0 .5 50 Transmittance ... : H SrCO3 : O 20 25 30 35 40 45 25 50 20 θ (degree) 30 35 40 25 50 20 45 30 θ (degree) 35 45 40 50 θ (degree) LSMO_900/6h Intensity (a.u.) x=0.4 Intensity (a.u.) * (d) x=0 .5 x=0.3 x=0.2 x=0.1...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... ␥f(LL)=1 .5 Design vertical loading (Fig 5. 16) Loading from above (W1)=1. 35 1 05+ 1 .5 19= 170 .25kN/m Load from left (W2) dead load only=1. 35 4.1 =5. 535kN/m imposed load =5. 5 35+ 1 .5 2.2=8.835kN/m Load ... above=1. 35 21.1+1 .5 2.2=31 .78 5kN/m Self-weight of wall=1. 35 17= 22.95kN/m Total vertical design load W1 =54 .73 5kN/m Load from slab W2=1. 35 4.1+1 .5 2.2=8.8 35 kN/m Eccentricity Equation (5. 8) can be rewritten: ... c/I w=1, h=2 650 mm and the clear span L 3= 279 7 .5 mm Taking e hi =0 and e a= h ef / 450 =1.988/ 450 =0.004m equation (5. 4) becomes The design vertical stress at the junction is 2 07. 57 / 102 .5 and since...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 13:21

... 2.92 Mv 1: 4 .7 x 104, 2: 1. 97 x 1 05, 3: 2.22 x 1 05, 4: 3 .59 x 1 05, 5: 4 .56 x 1 05, 6: 5. 83 x 1 05, 7: weight-average molecular weight 2. 35 x 1 05, Experimental conditions; the viscosity-average ... ca 0 . 75 J g-1 K-1 and when DS ranges from 1.4 to 1 .7, ∆Cp values range from ca.1. 25 to 1.30 J g-1 K-1, respectively 1 .7 1.4 0.8 0.6 170 270 370 470 T/K Figure 3-14 Heat capacity curves of sodium ... completion of melting or glass transition [22] Figure 3 -7 Representative DSC heating curves of fractions of cellulose acetate with degree of substitution 2.92 Mv 1: 4 .7 x 104, 2: 1. 97 x 1 05, 3: 2.22...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:20

... Schematic model of a crystal of sodium metal From: C Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, 3rd Ed., Wiley (19 67) p 198 3.2 25 © E.A Fitzgerald-1999 Does this Microscopic Picture of Metals Give ... Ohms/square ⇒ Note, if L=W, then R= ρ /t independent of magnitude of L and W Useful for working with films of thickness, t R R R 3.2 25 © H.L Tuller-2001 17 How to Make Resistance Measurements Rc2 I Rc1 ... can not be only from electric force on electron! 3.2 25 © E.A Fitzgerald-1999 Equation of Motion - Impact of Collisions Assume: • probability of collision in time dt = dt/τ • time varying field...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 14:20

... 3.2 25 © H.L Tuller-2001 Schematic Cross Section of Mounted Sensor 3.2 25 © H.L Tuller-2001 10 Resistance Response to Gas Environment Schematic of Gas Sensor Structure ZnO(Ar:O2 =7: 3) M 971 074 6 ... range 50 0 900 °C • Extrapolated room temperature conductivity: σ = 4.4×10 -18 S cm-1 T [°C] 900 -4 800 70 0 600 50 0 10 Y-cut -5 -1 σ [S cm ] 10 -1 σ0 = 2.1 S cm EA = 1 05 kJ mol -6 10 -1 -7 10 3.2 25 ... High loss LiNbO3 300 Decomposition Li2B4O7 50 0 Phase transformation GaPO4 933 ? Phase transformation La2Ga5SiO4 (Langasite) 1 470 ? Melting point 3.2 25 © H.L Tuller-2001 24 12 Design Considerations...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 14:20

... times T / °C t90 / ms 900 6 .5 800 26 75 0 83 1 85 70 0 850 °C 800°C 75 0°C 10-20 10- 15 10-10 pO2 / bar 3.2 25 10 -5 100 [1] Menesklou et al, MRS fall meeting, Vol 604, p 3 05- 10 (1999) © H.L Tuller-2001 ... Probes 15 m thick 2-4mm long (Najafi and Hetke, IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 37, 474 (1990).) 3.2 25 28 14 Measurement of Gas Sensor Performance • Gas sensing materials: Sputtered ZnO film ( 150 nm (Massachusetts ... Influence of Dopants on Electrical Conductivity of SrTiO3 log(σ / (Ωcm)-1 ) λ 0.9 95 1,0 05 T = 800 °C no -1 ac -2 ce pto -3 rd op rd op ed ed -4 Sr2+ Ti4+ O2-3 -5 acceptor donor -20 -16 -12 -8 -4 log(pO2...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 14:20

... velocity of the highest occupied electron state at T=0 3.2 25 © E Fitzgerald-1999 Representation of E,k for 2-D Material E= h (k x2 + k y ) E(kx,ky) 2m ky kx 3.2 25 © E Fitzgerald-1999 Representation of ... Quasi-continuous dE h k = dk m h 2k ∆E = ∆k m ∆k=2π/L kF kF k Total number of electrons=N=2*2kF*L/2π 3.2 25 © E Fitzgerald-1999 25 13 Representation of E,k for 1-D Material h2k 2mE ;k = 2m h dE h k = dk m E= ... ψψ *dV = probability of finding particle in volume dV Average or expectation value of variable α = ∫ ψ *α op ψ dV v 3.2 25 © H.L Tuller-2001 19 Time and Spatial Dependence of ψ Assume ψ (x,y,z,t)...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 14:20

... achieved where diffusive flux of the carriers is balanced by the drift flux 3.2 25 © E Fitzgerald-1999 12 Joining p and n p n Ec EF Ev Carriers flow under driving force of diffusion until EF is flat ... Junction Fabrication Processes 3.2 25 © H.L Tuller, 2001 © H.L Tuller, 2001 10 CMOS Devices 3.2 25 The p-n Junction (The Diode) • Note that dopants move the fermi ... eVbi k bT n p = nn e − eVbi k bT © E Fitzgerald-1999 Qualitative Effect of Bias • • • Applying a potential to the ends of a diode does NOT increase current through drift The applied voltage upsets...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 14:20

... the ground state of a chromium atom (A) and a trivalent chromium ion (B) 3.2 25 © H.L Tuller, 2001 10 Octahedral Environment of Transition Metal Ion Interaction of the d orbitals of a central ion ... of pulse with different l propagate at different speeds Black wave arrives later than red wave y n1 Solution: grade index n2 n 3.2 25 © E Fitzgerald-1999 Characteristics of Optical Fiber 3.2 25 ... ; ε ' ' = so 2 ωτ 2 1+ω τ 1+ ω τ logωτ +2 Water molecule: τ=9.5x10-11 sec, ω~1010 microwave oven, transmission of E-M waves 3.2 25 © E Fitzgerald-1999 19 Dielectric Constant vs Frequency • Completely...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 14:20