5+effect+of+thermal+gradients

... deposition J Appl Phys 19 95, 77: 653 4 doi:10.1186/ 155 6-276X-6-168 Cite this article as: Wilson et al.: Effect of thermal treatment on the growth, structure and luminescence of nitride-passivated silicon ... because of the increase of the Si-Si resonance peak at 1842 eV and reduction of the peak related to Si-N bonding located at 18 45. 5 eV The weak Si-O peak at 1848 eV in the crystalline silicon Page of ... shifts in peak PL intensities of 0. 45 and 0 .57 eV relative to the AD film after only s of annealing at 600 and 800°C, respectively The apparent fast growth was indicative of a fast transient diffusion...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... %) (37 .5 %) 0.396 10 (37.0 %) (50 .0 %) 0.6 85 (14.8 %) (12 .5 %) 1.000 (18 .5 %) ( 25. 0 %) 0.648 a) Standard dose group: 400 mg/m2/day of 5- fluorouracil; High dose group: 50 0 -55 0 mg/m2/day of 5- fluorouracil ... dose a) 27 63.0±7.8 (48 - 75) b) 162.9±7.1 ( 150 -180) 55 .2±9.3 (33-79) 24/3 11/13/2/1 High dose 62 .5 5. 0 (56 -71) 164.2±4.6 ( 159 -172) 55 .3±7.6 (46-72) 8/0 4/4/0/0 p d) 3/13/6 /5 1/1/3/3 0.266 1/1/13/12 ... 0/0/6/2 1/7 4/4 4/4 0.8 65 0.633 0.919 1.000 1.000 0. 655 1.000 0.402 0.402 a) Standard dose group: 400 mg/m2/day of 5- fluorouracil; High dose group: 50 0 -55 0 mg/m2/day of 5- fluorouracil b) The values...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 09:39

... and humidities of Nafion Yield stress [MPa] T= 25 C T= 45 C T= 65 C T= 85 C Relative humidity [%] 30 50 6.60 6.14 6 .51 5. 21 5. 65 5.00 4.20 3.32 70 5. 59 4 .58 4.16 2.97 90 4.14 3.44 3.07 2.29 Results ... T= 25 C T= 45 C T= 65 C T= 85 C Relative humidity [%] 30 50 197 192 161 137 148 117 121 85 70 132 103 92 59 90 121 70 63 46 Table Yield strength at various temperatures and humidities of Nafion Yield ... coefficient nd Ddrop C ϖ 2 .5 - [23] 1.0 × 10 −8 m [ 15] 1.0 × 10 5 0.01 - [ 15] [ 15] Droplet diameter Condensation constant Scaling parameter for evaporation ISSN 2076-28 95 (Print), ISSN 2076-2909...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:58

... (20 05) Investigation of thermal benefits of roof top garden in the tropical environment Build Environ 20 05, 38, 261–270 [9] Prado R.T.A., Ferreira F.L Measurement of albedo and analysis of its ... 4, 2012, pp .53 1 -54 0 53 3 specifications: 640 x 480 pixels, full colour and wavelength band of 7 .5 - 13 µm with ±0.2 º C accuracy It operates in two modes of wave lengths; shorter (3 -5 m) and longer ... 53 2 International Journal of Energy and Environment (IJEE), Volume 3, Issue 4, 2012, pp .53 1 -54 0 areas Some of the most important factors which may influence the UHI include canyon geometry, thermal...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 15:28

... evaluations of ‘other’ designs Sixteen out of the 24 reviews explored the teaching of ‘syntax’ Of these 16, 12 provided a conclusion about the effect of syntax teaching on the accuracy and quality of ... date Table 3.8: Summary of conclusions of the one systematic syntax review and 15 non-systematic syntax reviews Definition of ‘grammar’ Number of Conclusion – effect of teaching (syntax) studies ... 2004 -5) The present review concerns the effect of teaching syntax on the accuracy and quality of written composition One previous systematic review has been published in the broader field of the effect...

Ngày tải lên: 10/03/2014, 05:20

... value (X2) P value Age (years)< 252 5 to 52 (26.0) 53 (26 .5) 0.02 0.99 34 1 05 (52 .5) 1 05 (52 .5) 35 43 (21 .5) 42 (21.0) Total 200 (100) 200 (100) 0.49 0.48 2.68 0.1 2.33 0 .51 1.13 0.77 Marital status ... Degree of change (%) P value Pre-intervention n = 200 (%) Post-intervention n = 180 (%) Degree of change (%) P value Good 11 (5. 5) 116 (61.1) 55 .6

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 21:20

... spectrum of the ADPVI state of the bers (not shown) and spectrum D The eld scan was 10 mT Effect of nucleotides The addition of MgADP resulted in a change in the mean angle of the distribution of the ... 58 65 Smith, C.A & Rayment, I (1996) X-ray structure of the magnesium (II) ADP.vanadate complex of the Dictyostelium discoideum myosin motor domain to 1.9 A resolution Biochemistry 35, 54 04 54 17 ... Eect of AMPPNP on the orientation and rotational dynamics of spin-labeled muscle crossbridges Biophys J 53 , 51 352 4 42 Barnett, V.A & Thomas, D.D (1987) Resolution of conformational states of spin-labeled...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:21

... SEB SB-20 358 0 MK591 MK886 Curcumin SP6001 25 PD98 059 50 0 178.4 212 .5 173 .5 168 74.2 337 p38kinase ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 29 .5 18.6 78 .5 19 .5 22 2 .5 25 MAPK 250 34 76 55 43 337 2 25 279 38 .5 71 .5 52 .5 39.8 ... MK591 (33%) whereas SB20 358 0 had no effect on REPTC proliferation (Table 2) 200 1 75 65 ND ND 158 320 28.4 1 .5 4 .5 2 .5 10 13 TNF-a induction 2200 150 190 220 ND 155 0 150 0 ± 35 ± 7.6 ± 25 ± 4 .5 ... 67 .5 ± 2 .5 100 ND 45. 2 ± 2.8 100 ND 38 .5 ± 2 .5 3091 Effects of SEB on human PBMCs C Mendis et al Effect of 5- LO inhibitor MK591 on monkeys challenged with SEB Findings of in vitro studies of...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 04:20

... basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89 :55 86 -55 90 Bumpus J, Tien M, Wright D, Aust S (19 85) Oxidation of persistent environmental pollutants by a white rot fungus Science ... JG (19 75) Preparation and microbial decomposition of synthetic [14C]ligins Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72: 251 5- 251 9 Kirk TK, Farrell RL (1987) Enzymatic “combustion”: the microbial degradation of lignin ... (P < 0. 05) using SPSS version 18.01, SPSS Inc Results Effect of exogenous cAMP and IBMX on enzyme activity Time courses of LiP and MnP activity levels were measured following addition of various...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... Phanerochaete chrysosporium Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89 :55 86 55 90 doi:10.1073/pnas.89.12 .55 86 Bumpus J, Tien M, Wright D, Aust S (19 85) Oxidation of persistent environmental pollutants by a white rot ... decomposition of synthetic [14C]ligins Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72: 251 5– 251 9 doi:10.1073/pnas.72.7. 251 5 Kirk TK, Farrell RL (1987) Enzymatic “combustion": the microbial degradation of lignin Annu ... induction of lignin peroxidase in Phanerochaete chrysosporium Appl Environ Microbiol 69: 650 0– 650 6 doi:10.1128/ AEM.69.11. 650 0- 650 6.2003 Bonnarme P, Jeffries TW (1990) Mn(II) Regulation of lignin...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 17:20

... Phanerochaete chrysosporium Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89 :55 86 55 90 doi:10.1073/pnas.89.12 .55 86 Bumpus J, Tien M, Wright D, Aust S (19 85) Oxidation of persistent environmental pollutants by a white rot ... decomposition of synthetic [14C]ligins Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72: 251 5– 251 9 doi:10.1073/pnas.72.7. 251 5 Kirk TK, Farrell RL (1987) Enzymatic “combustion": the microbial degradation of lignin Annu ... induction of lignin peroxidase in Phanerochaete chrysosporium Appl Environ Microbiol 69: 650 0– 650 6 doi:10.1128/ AEM.69.11. 650 0- 650 6.2003 Bonnarme P, Jeffries TW (1990) Mn(II) Regulation of lignin...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 19:20

... Royalties are paid, usually as a percentage of the profit, to the holders of the patent A fixed sum of money may also be 94 Design and Optimization of Thermal Systems 74 10 19 47 31 29 44 18 46 ... practical thermal systems, special techniques that reduce the number of designs to be simulated are of interest In addition, there are often very large differences between the performance of optimized ... nonoptimized systems in terms of energy consumption, product quality, overall thermal efficiency, and total costs Optimization of a thermal system can be carried out in terms of the design hardware...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 15:20

... of Thermal Systems 200 qs = 0 .5 W/cm2 Temperature T(°C) qs = Surface heat flux 1.0 1 75 Outside surface temperature 150 Core temperature 0 .5 0. 25 1.0 1 25 100 0. 25 0.1 25 75 0.1 25 50 25 50 100 150 ... 1.00 0. 75 0 .50 0. 25 in m m 0.6 0.6 1.00 0. 75 0 .50 0. 25 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 NTU 0 (a) NTU 0 (b) FIGURE 5. 29 Effectiveness of (a) parallel flow and (b) counterflow heat exchangers in terms of the NTU ... (kg/m3) specific heat, C (J/kg K) thermal conductivity, k (W/m K) 958 8 055 250 0 480 0.3 15. 1 Because of the relatively small range of temperature variation, the ratio of the 1, change in the various...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 15:20

... Design and Optimization of Thermal Systems with w1 w2 w3 and wi ui U w4 w5 u4 w4 and w4 u5 w5 (10.33) with w4 w5 u4 , w5 u5 Equation (10.33) may be raised to the power of an arbitrary constant ... pa14 w4 pa15w5 a21w1 a22 w2 a23w3 pa24 w4 pa25w5 pa44 w4 pa45w5 (10. 35)    a41w1 a42 w2 a43w3 with w1 w2 w3 and p(w4 w5) p These linear equations may be solved for w1, w2, w3, w4, w5, and p Therefore, ... objective function U x1 2 .5 x2 59 6 Design and Optimization of Thermal Systems subjected to the constraints x1 3x2 35 x2 18 x1 5. 5x1 2.5x2 110 x1 x2 10.17 The number of components produced by...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 15:21

... Temp (°C) Time(min) p14ARF 95 62/62 30 40 72 p16INK4a 95 63/63 30 40 72 E-cadherin 95 55/ 57 30 40 72 MINT1(M1) 95 52 /52 30 37 72 MINT2(M2) 95 59 /59 30 40 72 MINT31(M31) 95 62/60 30 38 72 Statistical ... hypermethylated state, the effect of 5- aza-DC was similar to that of SB; in MCF-7 cell lines, the effect of SB was better than that of 5- aza-DC In both cell lines, the combined effect of a demethylating ... synergic effect occurs Also, the combination of SB and 5- aza-DC facilitates the transformation of chromatin into an activated state [8] In RKO cell lines, the effect of SB was similar to that of 5aza-DC,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:21

... 3.23a 60 ± 6.1a 6-OHDA +5HT 6-OHDA +GABA b,f 50 ± 5. 9b,f b,f 52 ± 5. 7b,f a 67.12 ± 2 .50 68.23 ± 3. 05 6-OHDA +BMC 79.33 ± 7 .55 59 ± 5. 1a 6-OHDA +5HT + BMC 51 .42 ± 5. 93c,e 40 ± 5. 2c,e c,e 42 ± 4.4c,e ... 1984. 05 ± 24.25b,f 128.12 ± 18.24 6-OHDA +BMC 32 95. 12 ± 29.12a,f 1 45. 15 ± 11.22 6-OHDA +5HT + BMC 17 75. 41 ± 13.65b,e 1 25. 13 ± 18.14 6-OHDA + GABA + BMC 1776.11 ± 14.21b,e 124.22 ± 22.11 6-OHDA +5HT ... cortex of experimental rats Dopamine Content (pmol/mg protein) Control 57 . 05 ± 2.90 6-OHDA 3 .57 ± 1.34 6-OHDA +5HT 14.21 ± 1 .51 b,f 6-OHDA +GABA 13.38 ± 1.64 b,f 6-OHDA +BMC 5. 24 ± 2. 25 6-OHDA +5HT...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... Results of thermal residual stress in MMNCs 114 4 .5. 1 Thermal stress and thermal induced dislocation 1 15 4 .5. 2 Effect of particle volume fraction 119 4.6 Effect of thermal ... crystal 142 5. 3 Numerical simulation of voided MMNCs 144 5. 4 Effect of void volume fraction 146 5. 5 Effect of void distribution 149 5. 6 Effect of lattice orientation ... 154 Fig 5. 14 Scheme of voided MMNCs with three slip systems System (I) and (III) form angles of 54 .75o and -54 .75o with respect to system (II) 155 Fig 5. 15 (a) Overall...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 08:12

... .50 4.4 Results and discussion 55 4.4.1 Vortical structures 55 4.4.2 Dynamical system point of view 56 4.4.3 Hydro -Thermal performance of the microchannel 57 ... module usually has high efficiencies of 95- 98% with power dissipation levels of 50 0 – 50 00 W Considering the module size (10 – 100 cm2), heat fluxes of 50 – 50 0 W/cm2 are needed for sufficient ... advection near resonance 136 7.4 .5 Effect of Re 138 7.4.6 Effect of conjugated condition 140 7 .5 Conclusion 1 45 Chapter Conclusion and recommendations for...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 08:20

... film thickness is below 50 nm 38 Au SiO 5. 5 5. 0 4 .5 % mass change 4.0 3 .5 3.0 2 .5 2.0 1 .5 1.0 0 .5 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Film thickness Figure 3.8 Plot of percentage mass change of the films after exposure ... the same as that for the films on silicon wafer 27 250 Thickness (nm) 200 150 100 50 0 0.00 25 0.0 05 0.00 75 0.01 0.01 25 0.0 15 0.01 75 0.02 0.02 25 Conc (g/ml) Figure 3.1 Concentrations used to derive ... Heating2 44.0 43 .5 Thickness (nm) 43.0 42 .5 42.0 41 .5 41.0 40 .5 40.0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100110120130140 150 160170180 Temperature (°C) Figure 4.2 Ellipsometry results of a freshly deposited...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2015, 19:04

... 47 4.3 .5 Shunt Resistor 48 Experimental Procedures 49 Mathematical Formulation 51 5. 1 Description of the numerical simulation model 52 5. 2 Assumptions of the numerical simulation model 52 5. 3 The ... temperature profile of the back of PV module 100 Figure 6.32 A comparison of simulation and experiment in the temperature profile of the front of PV module 100 Figure 6.33 Temperature contour of the ... function of solar irradiation 69 Figure 6.4 Temperature profile at centre the duct PV module 69 Figure 6 .5 Temperature profile at side of duct 70 Figure 6.6 Top view of velocity contour of manifold...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 15:38