5 deregulated transcription factor networks and signaling pathways

... linked to the biochemical pathways that govern transmigration However, we are only beginning to understand how physical forces translate into biochemical signaling pathways during leukocyte transmigration ... endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor Figure indicates the assortment of biophysical forces that ECs feel, and possible signaling molecules that could ... transendothelial migration K M Stroka and H Aranda-Espinoza kinase, p160ROCK, results in decreased traction forces and migration speed under both static and shear conditions [19] Because cell–cell...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 21:20

... Ets factors may direct the choice of the promoter elements in play, and therefore, determine the selective combination of transcription factors involved and the regulatory pathways modulating transcription ... translocation variant (ER81) and Etsrelated molecule (ERM) [15–17] The ets genes encode Regulation of the presenilin gene a family of transcription factors and most are transcriptional activators ... the transcription factors with which it interacts ERM recognizes specifically Ets motifs located at )10 as well as downstream at +90, +129 and +165 on the PS1 promoter and it activates PS1 transcription...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 09:20

... activated and describe its role in development and cancer progression 1.3 EGFR homodimer signaling EGF was the first ligand identified and due its abundance in the mouse salivary gland and relative ... HB-EGF and AREG would be likely mediators of this signaling 10 Breast Cancer – Carcinogenesis, Cell Growth and Signaling Pathways Juxacrine EGFR signaling might be antiproliferative and also ... the EGFR and down regulate ErbB3 expression both in vitro and in vivo Endothelial cells in culture also express EGFR and ErbB4 ligands HB-EGF and NRG-1 (124-126) It is thought that HB-EGF signaling...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 17:20

... cultures in normal oxygen the gene expression of collagen types II, IX, X and XI and the transcription factors SOX6 and SOX9 was greatly increased (p < 0.05 or p < 0.001) in comparison with monolayer ... lowered oxygen tension, and this was correlated with the selective upregulation of HIF2α and increased expression of the key chondrogenic transcription factors SOX9, SOX5 and SOX6 Immunohistochemistry ... expression for hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIF) and cultures of infrapatellar fat pad cells SOX genes (a), collagens (b) and proteoglycans (c) in monolayer culture and after chondrogenic differentiation...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:20

... competitive interactions into GOMER (see Materials and methods) and have used this model to study the interaction of yeast transcription factors Ndt80p and Sum1p Ndt80p is an activator of genes expressed ... the model to investigate the role of competition between two transcription factors, Ndt80p and Sum1p, in distinguishing between mitotic and meiotic programs of gene expression [12] Competition between ... reading frame and the start of translation between these transcription factors may be important for regulation Competition for binding has been demonstrated in vitro by gel-shift assays and in vivo...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:22

... 67 xi ABBREVIATIONS ATF activating transcription factor ATF4 activating transcription factor ATF5 activating transcription factor ATF6 activating transcription factor bZIP basic zipper CHOP C/EBP ... recombinant ATF5 and ATF4 protein, respectively, and the specific transcription factor in mouse and human cell lines that was induced by different stress conditions Cell Culture and Stress Conditions ... REGULATING THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ATF5 AND ITS FUNCTION IN THE INTEGRATED STRESS RESPONSE Phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF2) is an important mechanism regulating global and gene-specific...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2014, 11:17

... nature of the intracellular signaling pathways that link S1P signaling to Cyr61/CCN1 gene expression and showed that the activation of RhoA GTPase and p38 MAP kinase pathways is required for Cyr61/CCN1 ... unequivocally transcriptional for Cyr61/CCN1 and possibly transcriptional and post-transcriptional, albeit to different extents, for CTGF/CCN2 The difference between Cyr61/ CCN1 and CTGF/CCN2 ... between human and mouse with conserved transcription factor- binding sites Using a combination of cis-element mutagenesis and the expression of dominantnegative inhibitors of transcription factors that...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... MAPK and NF-κB pathways are coordinately activated by IL-1 and TNF-α, and are central pathways in RA and OA pathogenesis While these kinase cascades lead Arthritis Research Vol No Vincenti and ... recruitment of a cohort of transcription factors that cooperate to initiate MMP-1 and MMP-13 transcription Regulation of transcription The promoters of MMP-1 and MMP-13 (and most other MMPs) contain ... also block MMP transcription through the AP-1 site [57–60] Ligand activated receptors (e.g the retinoic acid receptors α, β and γ, and the retinoid x receptors α, β and γ) reduce MMP transcription...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 03:24

... the zero, xN and 0.87xH frequencies, versus the sequence of the TTF-1 HD Measurements were done at 11.7 T and 286 K Blank slots are for residues 29 and 42 (prolines) and Glu17, Leu34 and Lys46, ... (9.84 ± 0.20 ns) and two for sgi (0.26 ± 0.03 ns and 0.55 ± 0.06 ns) (supplementary Doc S1 and Fig S2) Comparison of results from MF and RSDM The results for sm obtained by the MF and RSDM approaches ... surfactant protein B gene promoter is a target for thyroid transcription factor and hepatocyte nuclear factor 3, indicating common factors for organspecific gene expression along the foregut axis...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 16:20

... family and CRE binding 6428 factors involved in the NFjB pathway and other functional related factors, such as p300 and CBP Group D contain factors related to cell cycle and DNA repair-related factors ... TAFII and NC2 and NF-Y factors that have histone fold motifs [52] Group G is a small subset that contains all the SMAD proteins of the HTFN and APC and b-catenin-related factors Groups C and D ... 2005 FEBS C Rodriguez-Caso et al Human transcription factor network topology Table Description and functionality of transcriptions factor hubs Transcription factor (TF), degree (k), betweenness...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 07:20

... exponential growth phase, and the cells were then washed and resuspended in SMM without nitrate, and finally incubated for a further 20 Samples were taken before and after the shift, and soluble cell-free ... assimilatory enzymes glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase, respectively [6–8] TnrA belongs to the MerR family of transcription factors, and is present as a homodimer of two 12-kDa subunits ... recognition and, at the same time, overlaps with the GlnK TnrA, a major transcription factor in B subtilis for the control of nitrogen assimilation, is active under nitrogen-limited conditions and is...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 00:21

... receptors through signaling pathways involving activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor jB1 (NF-jB1) and the MAPKs extracellular signal-related kinase ⁄ (ERK1 ⁄ 2) and p38 Our findings ... activation of the MEK ⁄ ERK1 ⁄ 2, PI3K and p38 MAPK pathways Activation and translocation of the transcription factors NF-jB1 (p50) and RelA (p65) was also involved These pathways lead to a massive arrest ... transcription factors E2F, ETS, ATF and AP1, p27(KIP); HBP1, pRB) that can be phosphorylated by ERK1 ⁄ and ⁄ or p38 MAPK and are possibly involved in the promotion of cell cycle progression and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 12:20

... pathway and HO-1 regulation in PC12 cells [29,30] This may be through nuclear factor E2-related factor- 2 (Nrf2), a member of the cap’n’collar family of basic leucine transcription factors and a ... different transcription factors that may be involved in mediating the effect of insulin on HO-1 expression, including heat shock transcription factor- 1 (HSF-1), hypoxia-inducible factor- 1 (HIF-1) and ... regulates glucose, lipid and protein metabolism and promotes cell growth and differentiation On ligand binding, the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase initiates multiple signaling cascades, including...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 12:20

... d-Galinduced aging is still unknown Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) plays important roles in mtDNA replication and transcription, and the structure ⁄ organization of mitochondrial ... controlled by nuclear-encoded transcription and replication factors that are translocated to the mitochondria Both TFAM and mitochondrial-specific Pol-c are required TFAM is a key factor involved in directly ... 12-h light ⁄ dark cycle, and were fed standard rodent chow and water All experimental procedures were performed under the supervision of our Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee DNA extraction...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 23:20

... as hormone signaling, biotic and abiotic stress responses, and development [15,16], whereas high concentrations of ROS can result in oxidative stress and cause irreversible damage and hypersensitive ... involved in various signaling processes and have unique biological functions Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is one of the oldest and most important fiber and oil crops Its growth and yield are severely ... is involved in multiple signaling pathways Results Expression of GhMPK2 was upregulated by oxidative stress and phytohormones To study the effect of oxidative stress and signaling molecules on...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 23:20

... regulated by Cdx homeodomain proteins and GATA factors [14–16] Thyroid transcription factor- 1 (TTF-1) is an important factor during lung morphogenesis [17–20] and drives the expression of several ... GATA factors in the regulation of Muc5b expression In addition to TTF-1, GATA factors and, especially, GATA-6 are important factors in lung morphogenesis and are known to regulate TTF-1 and synergize ... 10) and cold T84 (lane 16); supershift analysis with anti-GATA-4 (lanes 5, 11 and 17), anti-GATA-5 (lanes 6, 12 and 18) and anti-GATA-6 (lane 7, 13 and 19) IgGs The DNA–protein complex (GATA) and...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 00:20

... PHL and ASR PHL and ASR PHL and HXPR PXHXH Transcriptional repressor of neuronal genes in non-neuronal tissues [39,40] Transcriptional repressor and activator [36,41] Transcriptional repressor and ... [49] Transcription factor IIE, a subunit (TFIIE a) [50] casein kinase II-a (CKII-a), ETS-1 and the a subunit of transcription factor IIE (TFIIE-a) (Table 2) REST and YY1 have one HXPR motif and ... the zinc-finger transcription factors YY1 and Sp1 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90, 6145–6149 58 Yao YL, Yang WM & Seto E (2001) Regulation of transcription factor YY1 by acetylation and deacetylation...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:20

... by Sp family transcription factors [19] On the other hand, competitive bandshift demonstrated that the three Sp bands were only slightly reduced by Kmer and Lmer (Fig 6A, lanes and 6), whereas ... vectors, and by cell treatment with decoy oligonucleotides targeting Sp transcription factors Results Transcriptional organization of the human AbH-J-J locus and identification of the transcription ... Sp transcription factors In addition, Sp1 and Sp3 transcription factor chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated in vivo binding of these proteins to P1 promoter Our results suggest that Sp transcription...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 07:20

... Mediator and TFIIA, but independent of TAFs Furthermore, PC4 is able to bind to double- and single-stranded DNA and to interact with TFIIB, TBP, TFIIA, Mediator, TFIIH and the gene-specific transcriptional ... double- and single-stranded DNA-binding activity Because the single-stranded DNA-binding activity can be competed away by a single-stranded DNA oligonucleotide, but not by a double-stranded one (and ... at °C, and the supernatants were used as a source of transcription factors and RNAPII The extent of the depletion was assayed by western (immuno) blotting Specific transcription assays Transcription...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 07:20

... were prepared by reverse transcription (RT) from one microgram total RNA using Superscript III and random primers (Invitrogen) One-hundredth of the RT products and standard plasmids were subjected ... activity by phosphorylating, and repressing, CREB-specific coactivators, TORCs TORC1 has been independently identified as a candidate for inducers of salivary gland tumors and it has been called mucoepidermoid ... N-terminal CREB binding region (1–42 amino acids) of TORC1 ⁄ MECT1 and the transcriptional activation domain of other transcription factor, Mastermind-like gene family (MAML2) The resultant chimeric...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 11:20