... 1 x k 10k −9 /4 1/2 , x k y 2/3 , 1, 2, , 4. 2 1/2 , k 1, 2, , −t e g t Evidently, x t ≡ is not the solutionof4. 1 Conclusion Problem 4. 1 has minimal positive solution ∞ Proof It is clear ... positive solutions of multi-point boundary value problem for secondorder impulsive differential equations, ” Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol 223, no 1, pp 43 8 44 8, 2009 24 J Yan, ... and A Ouahab, “Extremal solutions of second order impulsive dynamic equations on time scales,” Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, vol 3 24, no 1, pp 42 5 43 4, 2006 26 M Benchohra,...
... discrete analogues ofnonlinear implicit differential equations ×10− 14 Errn 0 0.2 0 .4 0.6 0.8 tn Figure 4. 2 (Example 4. 2) h = 0.05, τ = 0.0005 Figures 4. 1 and 4. 2 show the maximal values of the local ... analogues ofnonlinear implicit differential equations convergence of the explicit Euler method for nonlinear index-1 DAEs is established The results of this section are a nonlinear version” of the ... problem (3 .4) –(3.5) has a unique solution, provided h is sufficiently small and τ = αh2 , α = const Proof From the above mentioned argument we see that the problem of finding solutionof system (3 .4) –(3.5)...
... powers of h, 7 24 Chapter 16 Integration ofOrdinaryDifferentialEquations } CITED REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING: Gear, C.W 1971, Numerical Initial Value Problems in OrdinaryDifferentialEquations ... compare equation (4. 2 .4) with equation (16.3 .4) above You will see that the transition in Chapter to the idea of Richardson extrapolation, as embodied in Romberg integration of4. 3, is exactly ... from NUMERICAL RECIPES IN C: THE ART OF SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING (ISBN 0-521 -43 108-5) Copyright (C) 1988-1992 by Cambridge University Press.Programs Copyright (C) 1988-1992 by Numerical Recipes Software...
... the rest of this paper as “the nature of the vector field.” Therefore, a combination of properties of the associated vector field with the Kneser’s property of the cross sections of the solutions’ ... (2. 24) A terminal BVP with f continuous and let E0 be a continuum (i.e., compact and connected) subset of Rn and let ᐄ(E0 ) be the family of all solutions of 2. 24 emanating from E0 If any solution ... (3.3) r →0+ In view of Theorem 2.2 and Remark 2.10, this singular IVP has a local solution By the nature of the vector field (sign of the nonlinearity), any solution ρ = ρ(r) of (3.3) as well as...
... Delay -differential equations In this thesis we are concerned with the numericalsolutionof delay -differential equations (DDE's) Delay -differential equations may best be regarded as extensions ofordinary ... we consider the development ofnumerical software for the solutionof such problems Our discussion opens with a brief introduction to the theory of delay -differential equations Attention is paid ... for the solutionof systems of delay -differential equations A novel representation for the differential equation is used to acknowledge structural differences between delay- and ordinary differential...
... C X •-• n4 I •-• - .4 E Z 41 4-I 4. 1 Ct E a 0 • 44 E OZ 1 -4 000 -4 ru -4 41 >4 > 4) 14 0 41 X 00 C 41 -1 -I 41 0 ILI • -I ti CI U W 11 al - .4 ) V0 41 4) 4 14 04- I '0 I II 44 -1'5C 4) 44 41 4- I 110 ... .0 -0 C 14 C rtl Z 0100 00 UM V r 4e H1-1C.>" 17 1300 40 14 CC-10 44 -4 _C00 17 a U U 40 -.-101 44 444 0 CM n I 14 041 44 1 O 00 CO M 44 14 -4 AZ V V 0. 14 14 14 1 '41 4 14 Al 0. 14 la B>,>, 144 -I 3" ... 0.-111 40 -4 V 04 O 0.1 04 • 1 .4 C 1.1 M 14 V 4n00001 MV 0'0O) / C O XI al I4 144 4 -44 04 woe 4C 00000 044 .1 044 -40 -1 c to M V 0.- 00) 00 44 14 01 "0 VO 0.>" V 0-1 0'0 10 0 44 11 c 4) 04 v 110 00 41 4...
... more accurate solutions The size of the integration interval also influences the accuracy of the solutions (should be less than 10% of the time constant) • • st Solutions of sets of order ODEs ... interval × function of gradient • This is the basis for a family of algorithms used to provide numerical solutions of ODEs • A particular class is the Runge-Kutta algorithms School of Chemical Engineering ... Engineering and Advanced Materials Newcastle University 20 30 Time 40 50 31 60 Numericalsolutionof ODEs: summary • • • • • All numerical ODE solution methods are based on the Taylor Series Euler’s Method...
... subject of stiff equations, relevant both to ordinarydifferentialequations and also to partial differentialequations (Chapter 19) Sample page from NUMERICAL RECIPES IN C: THE ART OF SCIENTIFIC ... 1973, Computational Methods in OrdinaryDifferentialEquations (New York: Wiley) Lapidus, L., and Seinfeld, J 1971, NumericalSolutionofOrdinaryDifferentialEquations (New York: Academic Press) ... 708 Chapter 16 Integration ofOrdinaryDifferentialEquations Sample page from NUMERICAL RECIPES IN C: THE ART OF SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING (ISBN 0-521 -43 108-5) Copyright (C) 1988-1992 by...
... free_vector(dym,1,n); 7 14 Chapter 16 Integration ofOrdinaryDifferentialEquations } CITED REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING: Abramowitz, M., and Stegun, I.A 19 64, Handbook of Mathematical Functions, ... http://www.nr.com or call 1-800-872- 742 3 (North America only),or send email to trade@cup.cam.ac.uk (outside North America) x2 x1 712 Chapter 16 Integration ofOrdinaryDifferentialEquations yn yn + Figure ... from NUMERICAL RECIPES IN C: THE ART OF SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING (ISBN 0-521 -43 108-5) Copyright (C) 1988-1992 by Cambridge University Press.Programs Copyright (C) 1988-1992 by Numerical Recipes Software...
... 1-800-872- 742 3 (North America only),or send email to trade@cup.cam.ac.uk (outside North America) y x ⊗ steps 726 Chapter 16 Integration ofOrdinaryDifferentialEquations n = 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, ... 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 48 , 64, 96, , [nj = 2nj−2 ], (16 .4. 1) More recent work by Deuflhard [2,3] suggests that the sequence n = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, , [nj = 2j], (16 .4. 2) is usually more ... sequence (16 .4. 2) the order of the method is 2k + 1: k+1,k ∼ H 2k+1 (16 .4. 4) Thus a simple estimate of a new stepsize Hk to obtain convergence in a fixed column k would be 1/(2k+1) Hk = H (16 .4. 5) k+1,k...
... 1-800-872- 742 3 (North America only),or send email to trade@cup.cam.ac.uk (outside North America) Then for k = 1, , m − 1, set 7 34 Chapter 16 Integration ofOrdinaryDifferentialEquations Note ... vol 27, pp 505–535 16.6 Stiff Sets ofEquations As soon as one deals with more than one first-order differential equation, the possibility of a stiff set ofequations arises Stiffness occurs in ... compatibility with bsstep the arrays y and d2y are of length 2n for a system of n second-order equations The values of y are stored in the first n elements of y, while the first derivatives are stored...
... 1971, Numerical Initial Value Problems in OrdinaryDifferentialEquations (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall), Chapter [1] Shampine, L.F., and Gordon, M.K 1975, Computer SolutionofOrdinaryDifferential ... 16 Integration ofOrdinaryDifferentialEquations For multivalue methods the basic data available to the integrator are the first few terms of the Taylor series expansion of the solution at the ... 1-800-872- 742 3 (North America only),or send email to trade@cup.cam.ac.uk (outside North America) be satisfied The second of the equations in (16.7.9) is 752 Chapter 16 Integration ofOrdinary Differential...
... } 360 ≥ 2α(2x2 + 3y2 − = 16x2 + 24y2 − e−ts y(s)ds + xy 240 R4 320 R4 40 − − R3 240 − R3 30 − R 45 , R 360 ) for α = Clearly, ; 64 min{24y2 − 2|y|} = − x∈R 24 min{16x2 − |x|} = − x∈R Thus, ||F(t, ... Advances in Difference Equations 2011, 2011: 14 http://www.advancesindifferenceequations.com/content/2011/1/ 14 Page of 17 It completes the proof Now consider the existence of solutions of PBVP (1.1) It ... potential solutions of x = λTx, λ ∈ [0, 1], (3: 14) are bounded a priori, with the bound being independent of l With this in mind, let x be a solutionof (3. 14) Note that x is also a solutionof (3.6)...
... periodic solutions of differential delay equations, ” Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications, vol 35, no 4, pp 45 7 47 4, 1999 J Li and X.-Z He, “Multiple periodic solutions of differential ... delay equations, ” Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, vol 48 , no 2, pp 317– 3 24, 19 74 −g x t − ,” R D Nussbaum, “Uniqueness and nonuniqueness for periodic solutions of x t Journal of ... Science and Technology 20070 049 References M Han, “Bifurcations of periodic solutions of delay differential equations, ” Journal of Differential Equations, vol 189, no 2, pp 396 41 1, 2003 R D Nussbaum,...
... for t ∈ tn ,T (4. 41) 14 Advances in Difference Equations Using (4. 8), (4. 33), and (4. 41), we have ϕk tn − − ϕ tn − ≤ hk ≡ bk + ck + λ(2δ + 1)ak e2αTθ , X∗ ϕk tn − − ϕ tn − X∗ (4. 42) ≤ hk , where ... (T) ˙ ˙ Obviously, if ϕ is the classical solutionof (4. 9), then it must be the PCr -mild solutionof (4. 6) Now we show that (4. 9) has a unique classical solution ϕ ∈ PC (I,X ∗ ) PC(I, D(A∗ )) ... estimate of mild solution in space C (I,X) which can be proved by Gronwall lemma Step by step, the existence of PCl -mild solutionof (3.1) can be derived Let xu denote the PCl -mild solutionof system...
... ordinary differential equations, ” Nonlinear Analysis, vol 51, no 7, pp 1223–1232, 2002 [ 24] C Bai, “Existence of solutions for second order nonlinear functional differential equations with periodic ... r1 := p + p2 + 4q > 0, r2 := p − p2 + 4q < (2.7) Lemma 2.1 u ∈ PC1 ([0,T], Rn ) ∩ C ([0,T] \ {t1 }, Rn ) is a solutionof (2.6) if and only if u ∈ PC1 ([0,T], Rn ) is a solutionof the following ... attractivity of positive periodic solutionof periodic single-species impulsive Lotka-Volterra systems,” Mathematical and Computer Modelling, vol 40 , no 5-6, pp 509–518, 20 04 [ 14] W Zhang and...