4—models for members without transverse reinforcement

... probability, derived from the Forward algorithm, of an observation sequence to inform the agent’s learning process r =            +1 for for -2 for     P (w0 wn ) for       -1 reaching ... detail for the instruction corresponding to the user’s information need We evaluate the learnt content selection decisions in terms of task success For surface realisation, we use HMMs to inform ... leads to better results than an isolated optimisation as in, for example, a two-stage model NLG Using HRL and HMMs 3.1 Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning The idea of language generation as an optimisation...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... output For each level of output, there exists a unique value of q for which output equals spending: higher values of q determine larger investment flows and a corresponding excess demand for goods, ... locus y = Therefore, there is excess demand for goods owing to a high level of investment, and output gradually increases towards its steady-state value As y increases, the demand for money increases ... the firm would pay installation costs without using the marginal units of capital for any length of time In general, a firm whose adjustment costs have the form illustrated in Figure 2.11 should...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:21

... Bending Stiffness on the Deformation of Malaria Infected Erythrocytes diameter and stretching force But the relationship between transverse cell diameter and stretching force varies with the changing ... transverse diameter change of the stretched erythrocyte When the bending stiffness is high and the stretching force is large, the cell could not fold easily along transverse direction, therefore ... Bending Stiffness on the Deformation of Malaria Infected Erythrocytes Since   2C10 h0 (4.3) as derived in Eq 3.1~3.13 The shear modulus G is therefore G0 = C10 (4.4) For homogeneous isotropic...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:47

... 1 LUCKY Topic : THINGS FOR SCHOOL D E S K Topic LUCKY Topic : THINGS FOR SCHOOL P E N C I L Topic LUCKY Topic : THINGS FOR SCHOOL E R A S E R Topic LUCKY Topic : THINGS FOR SCHOOL B O O K Topic ... Topic LUCKY Topic : THINGS FOR SCHOOL R U L E R Topic LUCKY Topic : THINGS FOR SCHOOL C H A I R Topic LUCKY Topic : THINGS FOR SCHOOL P E N Topic LUCKY Topic : THINGS FOR SCHOOL B A G Topic ...

Ngày tải lên: 06/09/2013, 13:10

... language Recommendations: XSL-FO XSL Formatting Objects XSLT XSL Transforms XPath XML Path Language Formatting Formatting Transforming and formatting Transforming and formatting Addressing parts of ... XSL Transformations (XSLT) ! What can you with the XSL languages? XSL Formatting Objects (XSL-FO) XPath XSL-FO can be used to apply sophisticated formatting to XML The Recommendation for XSL-FO ... structure and to perform conditional processing on XML When used to format XML, XSLT is a simpler language to use than XSL-FO, but its ability to format XML is less robust When used to format XML, XSLT...

Ngày tải lên: 10/12/2013, 16:15

... Model for suspended particulate matter transport and bottom bathymetry evolution The model for SPM and bottom bathymetry evolution includes sub-models: 3D SPM Model for water column and 2D model for ... artificial origin due to the use of oil dispersant substances Therefore, this transformation process is the same as a source for making particulate oils in water A similar process can be applied ... wind Conclusion The preliminary results for the combined system of 2D, 3D hydrodynamicenvironmental models for SPM and bottom layer change show the ability to forecast the fate and transport of contaminants...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 12:20

... Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material ... Contents xiv 18.3 Interparticle forces in colloids and interfaces 18.3.1 Interparticle forces and colloids 18.3.2 Forces and colloid stability 18.3.3 Interparticle forces and adhesion 18.4 Acid–base ... Thermodynamics for biotechnology 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Models for Pharmaceuticals 19.2.1 General 19.2.2 The NRTL–SAC model 19.2.3 The NRHB model for pharmaceuticals 19.3 Models for amino acids...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 15:20

... unseen for a given domain s, we are already performing an implicit form of smoothing (when computing the expected counts), since each document has a distribution over all topics, and therefore ... conditioned on soft domain membership directly into our model is an effective strategy for dynamically biasing SMT towards relevant translations, as evidenced by significant performance gains This method ... model (Zhao and Xing, 2006), which uses a bilingual topic model for learning alignment In our case, by building a topic distribution for the source side of the training data, we abstract the notion...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 19:20

... possible category for input “meets the” A sample phrase structure tree is shown before and after the right-corner transform in Figures and Our parser operates over a right-corner transformed probabilistic ... sive phrase structure trees using the tree transforms in Schuler et al (2010) Constituent nonterminals in right-corner transformed trees take the form of incomplete constituents cη /cηι consisting ... Observed random variables (e3 e5 ) are shown for clarity, but are not explicitly stored in any syntactic language model state • for cross-element reductions: • for expansions: PθR-R,d (cηι , | −, cη...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... data is used, the cascaded model outperforms the interpolated model for some recall values, and vice versa, while both models dominate the supervised approach for the full range of recall values ... coarse-grained model only performs well on the predominant sentence-level categories for each document category The supervised model handles negative and neutral sentences well, but performs poorly on positive ... derive additional features for the fully supervised model, trained by maximizing LF (θF ) Although more complex representations are possible, we generate meta-features for each sentence based solely...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 05:20

... accuracy for ASP, ASP Text, ASP Pers+Text, and ASP Group for groups of askers with varying number of previous questions posted Surprisingly, for ASP Text, textual features only become helpful for ... by Information Gain (IG), for three sample ASP Pers+Text models (Table 3) Interestingly, whereas for Pers and Pers 2, textual features such as “good luck” in the answer are significant, for Pers ... with the highest information gain for the ASP and ASP Group models (Table 4) Interestingly, while asker’s average previous rating is the top feature for ASP, the length of membership of the asker...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 09:20

... sentence tI that maximizes this probability for a given sJ in the first section works at character level This is not a problem: the transformation can be performed in an easy way Another important ... Its performance directly affects the quality and efficiency of translation For CAT search we propose using the same algorithm as in MT Thus, we first describe the search in MT 5.1 Search for MT ... 18.8 60.7 17.6 67.1 20.9 61.6 16.5 Table 4: CAT results for the “XRCE” task for 1best hypothesis and 5-best hypothesis alternatives before choosing It is still to be shown if this extra time...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... translation results for the Verbmobil Test-147 for different contextual information and different thresholds using the top-10 translations The baseline translation results for model are WER=54.80 ... pretty good for me actually in January Franz J Och 1999 An efficient method for determining bilingual word classes In EACL ’99: Ninth Conf of the Europ Chapter of the Association for Computational ... dropping the dependencies on Obviously, this simplification is not true for a lot of natural language phenomena The straightforward approach to include more dependencies in the lexicon model would...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 18:20

... describe a technique for estimating the parameters for this model using decision trees The history-based grammar model provides a mechanism for taking advantage of contextual information from anywhere ... Figure h Grammar and parse tree for aabb dexed the non-terminal (NT) nodes of the tree with this leftmost order We denote by ~- the sentential form obtained just before we expand node i Hence, t~ ... constituent structure, and any other linguistic information which is generated as part of the parse structure Performance The HBG Model To evaluate the performance of a g r a m m a r and an accompanying...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 21:20

... assigned by the model No information about the legal tags for a word are extracted from the test corpus In fact, no information other than the words is used from the test corpus For the sake of efficiency, ... length for Wall Street Journal experiments Conclusion Regardless of what techniques are used for parsing disambiguation, one thing is clear: if a particular piece of information is necessary for ... dissertation Stanford University, Stanford, California 00% 76% I lO 1| 1(1 s*O | | |4 |$ 18 = S | S4 =e $ Sentence Length Figure 7: Precision and recall as a function of sentence length for Wall Street...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 22:20

... applied before training and after generating the output in the target language Normalization of English/German inflectional morphology to base forms for the purpose of word alignment is performed ... (Zitouni et al., 2003) for language modeling and by (Gildea, 2001) for semantic role labeling (Resnik et al., 2001) used backoff translation lexicons for cross-language information retrieval More ... Hwa, 2005) have used backoff models for combining in-domain and 42 out-of-domain data for the purpose of bootstrapping a part-of-speech tagger for Chinese, outperforming standard methods such as...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20

... to improved performance for any method One utterance of context is best for shift-reduce and start-join; three is best for the connection path method The shiftreduce method performs the best ... 34.91 for start-complete, 25.13 for the connection path method, and 21.32 for the chunkbased baseline These performance differences are statistically signicant at p < 001 However, the best performance ... accuracy for all methods All methods perform fairly well, but no method signicantly outperforms any other: with utterances of context, 1-best accuracy is 681 for the connection path method, 698 for...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20

... rates were 17.0 for English, 18.7 for Spanish, and 22.5 for French For English, we also created web mixture models with KN smoothing The error rates were 16.5, 15.9 and 15.7 for the 20 MB, 40 ... ) However, we not know the values for ρ(qs | Q) and ρ(qt | Q) As mentioned earlier, it is straightforward to obtain a relevance ranking for a set of n-grams: For each n-gram s, the LM probability ... consisting of single paragraphs For English, we obtained 210 million paragraphs and 13 billion words, for Spanish 160 million paragraphs and 12 billion words, and for French 44 million paragraphs...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20

... taken for the segmentation This can be used as a proxy for the presence of total numbers of different websites available to the user However, no inference can be drawn on the size of the market for ... PRS for Music and the Publishers Association The rights holders believed the sites contained in these lists to be significantly facilitating copyright infringement The lists formed the basis for ... segment the data, and the potential next steps for this research Detailed appendices are also presented for reference 16 The six business models for copyright infringement – A data driven study...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 21:20

... order for the model to perform to expected standards For example, under the period-of-performance design dimension, the model must accommodate the present year and five subsequent years In order for ... of company information, and iteration Many modules have absolute dependencies on calculations from other models For instance, cost of goods sold cannot be forecast without a sales forecast Sequence ... the cost of goods sold for various product and service options of the Company and, combined with the sales and revenue forecast developed in Chapter 5, provides for a forecast of margin contribution...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 18:20