308 contracts for surveys and resource protection

... Monitoring, and Resource Protection to disseminate scientiÞc information for the betterment of coastal watershed and resource management The NERRS Strategic Plan developed in 1994 (NERRS, 1995) and revised ... community resources to mutually deÞne and achieve coastal protection and management goals and objectives Informed Management and Stewardship Operate the NERRS as a national program contributing to informed, ... Estuarine Research, Monitoring, and Resource Protection Enhance public awareness and understanding of estuarine areas and provide suitable opportunities for public education and interpretation Promote...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... riparian habitats, mudßats and sandßats, barrier beaches and sand dunes, coastal plain pond shores, vernal pools, sandplain grasslands, pine barrens, and upland pitch pine/oak forests The Waquoit Bay ... of a climax forest of pitch pine and scrub oak trees SANDPLAIN GRASSLANDS Another ßoral community type in the uplands maintained by Þre, as well as by grazing, is the sandplain grassland complex ... habitats, notably upland pitch pine/oak forests, pine barrens, wetlands (fresh-, brackish-, and saltwater marshes), riparian habitats, sandplain grasslands, vernal pools, and coastal plain pond...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... reptiles, and land mammals also utilize wetlands, riparian buffer, and upland habitats of the JCNERR and contiguous pinelands (Zampella et al., 2001) Rutgers University (Institute of Marine and Coastal ... terrestrial and aquatic habitats are highly diverse, ranging from upland pine–oak forests and woodland swamps in the alluviated stream valleys of the New Jersey Pinelands to tidal marshes and open ... from coastal dunes and marshlands to forest bogs and ponds Some predatory birds (e.g., broad-winged hawk, great horned owl, and eastern screech owl) are largely conÞned to upland forested habitat...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... pennsylvanica), and willows (Salix spp.) Farmland, old Þelds, and mixed deciduous hardwood forests comprise most of the upland land cover Wetland Vegetation Forested wetland vegetation, scrub forest, and ... scrub/shrub wetlands, wooded wetlands, and uplands provide excellent habitat for passerines and waterbirds The lower freshwater and brackish marshes support numerous wading birds, waterfowl, and shorebirds ... on resource protection and conservation, estuarine research and monitoring, and environmental education and interpretation A major goal is to better manage resources in the reserve sites and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... Monitoring, and Resource Protection Sandy Areas/Beaches 1% Water 12% Urban/Built-Up Land 2% Nonforested Wetlands 17% Forested Lands 56% Agricultural Rangelands 12% FIGURE 5.2 Percent land use cover ... forest, evergreen upland forest, and upland pine and forested wetlands A signiÞcant element of the upland forested vegetation is planted pine, which has increased pine and oak–pine stands by more than ... emergent freshwater wetland Palustrine — tidal forested freshwater wetland Palustrine — nontidal forested freshwater wetland Palustrine — inland wetland Upland — hardwood forest Upland — pine ßatwoods,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... Flatwoods salamander Mole salamander Dwarf salamander Gulf Coast mud salamander Slimy salamander Southern dusky salamander Southern red salamander Two-lined salamander Three-lined salamander Red-spotted ... Research, Monitoring, and Resource Protection WATERSHED PLANT COMMUNITIES Upland Habitats Upland pine forests provide valuable habitat for herpetofauna, mammals, birds, and other animals in the ... watershed and estuarine habitats, including upland forests, maritime and palustrine plant communities, swamps, freshwater marshes, salt marshes, tidal ßats, and open estuarine waters and bay bottom...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... array of habitats, including uplands, coastal sage, upland–wetland transition, salt marshes, tidal creeks and channels, and mudßats and sandßats, as well as dunes and beaches A signiÞcant fraction ... feed and rest along tidal creeks and channels of the estuary Gulls and terns, herons and egrets, and cormorants and pelicans utilize these aquatic environments They are often seen searching for forage ... collected in Þne sand Of the aforementioned dominant bivalve species, Hosmer (1977) registered a mean size of 71 mm for the purple clam, 27 mm for the California jackknife clam, and 22 mm for the littleneck...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... performance of their institutions and policies and determine thresholds for selected debt indicators for each country grouping and then estimate the level of debt distress as measured by the forecast ... Conclusions and Recommendations 18 CPIA 20 Debt Thresholds and Indicators 21 Annexes Debt Indicators 23 Country Performance Ratings for 2003 25 List of References 32 ABBREVIATIONS CPIA Country Policy and ... a formula for determining grant eligibility within the IDA allocation made on the basis of the Performance Based Allocation System that uses the Country Policy and Institutional Assessment and...

Ngày tải lên: 28/10/2013, 08:15

... balance and payments and budgets, the mix of loans and grants in its future financing arrangements, and the build-up of its repayment capacity relative to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and export and ... borrowing, foreign and domestic, public and publicly guaranteed, private non-guaranteed, including both short- and long-term debt, without compromising its long-term development goals and objectives ... Income Countries: Proposal for an Operational Framework and Policy Implications by Mark Allen and Gobind Nankani, IMF and IDA, February 3, 2004 Debt Sustainability and Financing Terms in IDA...

Ngày tải lên: 06/11/2013, 23:15

... Accordingly, the CPIA for the 25th percentile was estimated to be 2.9 and 3.6 for the 75th percentile Thus poor performers from the point of view of institutional strength and quality of policies ... Nankani, World Bank and IMF, February 2004 exceed the threshold in the next year and will continue to so for at least three years The table below sets out the debt thresholds for the chosen indicators ... poor, medium and strong institutional capabilities and quality of policies with the cut offs at the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles of the CPIA index ranked in ascending order The CPIA for each country...

Ngày tải lên: 06/11/2013, 23:15

... policy and foreign exchange regime; financial stability and depth; banking sector efficiency and resource mobilization; competitive environment for the private sector; factor and product markets; and ... human resources, safety nets; and poverty monitoring and analysis; and • Public sector management and institutions, including property rights and rule-based governance; quality of budgetary and ... policies and institutions is subjective and their impact on growth not clear cut Consequently, the use of CPIAs for allocating aid resources and favouring better performers is contentious For example,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/11/2013, 23:15

... best that can be hoped for if upfront donor contributions (for foregone service charges and commitment fees) materialize and upfront charges for grants are levied (to replace foregone principal reflows) ... considerations raise questions of why countries with similar institutional and policy performance as judged by the CPIA and similar per capita income levels receive IDA allocations on different ... allocations thereby weakening the desired relationship between institutional capability and policy performance and the allocation of funds In view of this, IDA management has proposed an upfront...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 22:15

... best that can be hoped for if upfront donor contributions (for foregone service charges and commitment fees) materialize and upfront charges for grants are levied (to replace foregone principal reflows) ... considerations raise questions of why countries with similar institutional and policy performance as judged by the CPIA and similar per capita income levels receive IDA allocations on different ... allocations thereby weakening the desired relationship between institutional capability and policy performance and the allocation of funds In view of this, IDA management has proposed an upfront...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 22:15

... would be World Bank and/ or IMF supported stabilization programs They would normally call for reduced levels of borrowing on unaffordable terms, and for more concessional borrowing and grant financing ... stock and flow problems in formulating an appropriate borrowing strategy A high current debt service ratio combined with a low level of debt stock needs to be handled as a liquidity problem and ... lending and grants Given the importance of DSAs for each low income country in the application of the DSF and borrowing from the IMF, it is necessary that these be conducted in a collaborative and...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 22:15

... classification and country performance, unlike in IDA 13 when the maximum grant percentage was set ex ante This increases the operational difficulties for IDA financing due to foregone credit ... from IDA for Poor Countries during IDA 14, IDA, June 2004 funding needed for IDA 14 is as important as the proposal for grant funding based on the DSF 61 The following conclusions and recommendations ... a solid basis for the international community, in general, and IDA, in particular, to allocate credits and grants to low-income countries in ways that foster debt sustainability and achievement...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 22:15

... The ratio of government debt (domestic and foreign) service payments to government revenue b) The ratio of government debt (domestic and foreign) outstanding to government revenue c) The ratio ... proportion of exports of goods and non- factor services that are absorbed for debt service payments on both long and short-term debt Debt Burden Ratios a) The total debt outstanding to GDP or GNI ratio ... single year from its earnings from goods and non-factor services c) Public debt outstanding to GDP or GNI ratio compares the total of domestic and external outstanding to the size of the economy Present...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 22:15

... economic and environmental policies foster the protection and sustainable use of natural resources (soil, water, forests, etc.), the control of pollution, and the capture and investment of resource ... equal access to entry and exit in all products and sectors • Factor and product markets This item addresses the policies that affect the efficiency of markets for land, labor and goods Countries ... Performance Ratings for 2003 For each policy cluster in the CPIA, the Bank applies numerical performance ratings from (low) to (high) and these are converted to five “letter” grades The reason for...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 22:15

... 5) orphanage 3)E PASSAGE 104 VOCABULARY 1) begged 2) impact 3) multiplied READING 1)B 2)E 3)B 4) forbade 5) pious PASSAGE 105 VOCABULARY 1) lasts 4) horrendous 2) barged 5) scraped together 3) ... 110 VOCABULARY I) daunt alter 2) to assemble 5) surpassed READING l)D 2) A 3}C www.elt-time.com/forum 4) to ...

Ngày tải lên: 23/12/2013, 11:15

... alone With his left hand he snatched the gun from the man's hands, and with his right he gave him a blow to the ear It took four visits to the clinic her phobia once and for all and to allow her ... buy and sell, to business To recover: to get better Rapidly: Quickly Efficient: Capable, able To look forward to: To wait for, to long for > EXERCISES Complete the sentences with a suitable form ... E) known to stand a century later the idea of Gustave Eiffel meant to stand for centuries not expected to be the symbol of Paris not built to serve any purpose The main reason for building the...

Ngày tải lên: 23/12/2013, 11:15

... A) B) C) D) E) the the the the the writer and television writer and his brother writer and telephone writer's brother and book writer's brother and meal The writer's brother wants him to A) ... as 'home - helps' for old people unable to look after themselves and who are living on their own These machines can now carry out such things as cook eggs and clean the floor, and the company says ... suitable form of the words defined above Life in a small village could be deadly dull, and Henry had been absolutely when he chose to be Sudden changes of from cheerful and alert to sullen and moody...

Ngày tải lên: 23/12/2013, 11:15