2peg as phase transfer catalyst

... Something that is so easy that anyone can it is easy as beans If something is easy as pie, it is very easy indeed (UK) If something is easy peasy, it is very easy indeed ('Easy peasy, lemon squeezy' ... Cheap as chips Rẻ bèo Easy as beans Dễ bỡn Like two peas in a pod Giống hai giọt nước Câm hến As close as a clam Chán cơm nếp nát As dull as ditch-water Ngọt mía lùi As sweet as honey In these examples, ... 17 Cheap as chips 18 Chew the cud 19 Chew the fat 20 Cream of the crop 21 Curry favour 22 Different kettle of fish 23 Don't cry over spilt milk 24 Easy as beans 25 Easy as pie 26 Easy peasy 27...

Ngày tải lên: 28/02/2015, 11:54

... phase- transfer catalysis Besides ammonium salts as phase- transfer catalyst, anionic phase- transfer catalysis has emerged as new phase- transfer concept33 Respectively, anionic phase- transfer catalyst ... between glycine Schiff base enolate and ammonium cation 1.2 Asymmetric Phase- Transfer Catalysts - Chiral Quaternary Ammonium Salt 1.2.1 Cinchona Alkaloid Based Phase- Transfer Catalysts 1.2.1.1 First ... radius Generally, in asymmetric phase- transfer catalysis, two representative mechanisms were proposed for phase- transfer catalyzed reactions First one is base catalyzed phase- transfer reactions...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 17:53

... 59 as phase- transfer catalysts Shibasaki and co-workers also invented tartrate-derived, C2-symmetric bis(ammonium) salts 59 as phase- transfer catalysts and successfully applied them to the asymmetric ... Chapter Scheme 2.3 Tartrate-based spiro chiral ammonium salt 57 as phase- transfer catalyst Scheme 2.4 Chiral binaphthyl-derived bis(ammonium) salt 58 as phase- transfer catalyst Scheme 2.5 Tartrate-derived ... as phase- transfer catalyst, only moderate ee and yield was observed (Scheme 2.3).4 Later, Arai’s group synthesized a new binaphthyl-derived bis(ammonium)salt 58 as an efficient chiral phase- transfer...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 17:53

... compounds could also be easily achieved by 76 Chapter phase- transfer catalysis Maruoka’s group reported a new binaphthyl-derived quaternary phosphonium salt as chiral phase- transfer catalyst, which shows ... belongs to the base catalyzed phase- transfer mechanism (interfacial mechanism), as shown in Figure 3.3 Substrate was deprotonated at the interface by the base from aqueous phase to give the 87 ... chiral phase- transfer catalyst Lower catalyst loading prolongs reaction time significantly and higher loading only provides comparable ee values Thus mol% was decided as the minimal amount of catalyst...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 17:53

... removed in vacuo The reaction mixture was washed by Et2O three times (10 mL x 3) After the aqueous phase was neutralized by NaHCO3 saturated solution, the mixture was extracted by CH2Cl2 times (10mL ... layer was dried over Na2SO4 Solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in toluene and refluxed overnight Solvent was removed in vacuo and product 97 was obtained by flash chromatography ... overnight to complete reaction, pressure was released and water was added (40 mL) The mixture was extracted by CH2Cl2 times (20 mL x 3) The combined organic layer was dried by Na2SO4 After removing solvent...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 17:53

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 17:53

... anthracene oil was analyzed by gas chromatography using a capillary fused silica column with apolar stationary phase SE-30 Peak assignment was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ... relative catalyst iron content in the /xm surface layer, defined as the product of the surface area and iron content measured from the EDX maps The decrease in iron, assumed to be the active phase as ... 7.9 3.7 5.1 4.7 P V C1 not measured not measured not measured 21.7 11.9 7.4 3.0 4.9 3.6 0.7 0.3 0.3 Catalyst morphology was studied by SEM in a JSM-6100 apparatus, the catalyst samples being previously...

Ngày tải lên: 23/09/2012, 14:46

... the American Medical Association Influenza was not a reportable disease: the only evidence of the early occurrence was the registration of deaths reported as uncomplicated cases of pneumonia by ... plasminogen a normal precursor in the blood clotting system If plasminogen is converted to plasmin, the active form, it functions as a protease to cleave HA which creates a systemic infection as ... theory that was offered was that this “Spanish flu” was actually a different disease Decades later phylogenic testing will find this to be false Other theories were that presence of gas warfare,...

Ngày tải lên: 02/11/2012, 11:12

... management has the potential to be a catalyst for innovation within organizations The aim of this paper is to investigate the possible use of knowledge management within organizations as a catalyst ... This agility will become increasingly important as markets become increasingly fragmented (i.e niche rather than segment driven) and organizations are forced to have `ceaseless innovation' (Demerest, ... (1992) states that employees should be considered as `brokers of knowledge' rather than simply as task orientated Zuboff (1988) describes such employees as `knowledge workers' If these knowledge workers...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 12:15

... contrast, the presence of extra-lattice copper has an insignificant effect on the activity of cobalt in the dissociation of CO because of both copper and cobalt in such case assumed to exist as ... perovskites phase only The presence of copper has a strong effect on the reducibility of perovskite and on the reactivity of cobalt in CO hydrogenation A highly dispersed bimetallic phase is obtained ... perovskite catalysts for higher alcohol synthesis, Appl Catal A 311(2006) 204 [8] S.M de Linma and J.M Assaf, Ni-Fe catalysts based on perovskite-type oxides for dry reforming of methane to syngas,...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 09:20

... the out-of -phase setting, the correct phase angle can be calculated from two high-power spectra differing in phase angle by exactly 90 Using the least-squares assumption at the out-of -phase setting ... arbitrary phase angle J, and sp2(i) is recorded at a phase angle J + 90 Linear transformation of the two spectra through the calculated phase angle J allows the second harmonic in -phase and outof -phase ... at phase angles a and a + 90, and the lower spectrum is the out-of -phase spectrum calculated from the new phase angle In control experiments, the 0-degree was obtained by adjusting the phase...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:21

... energy transfer (FRET)-based assay of the redistribution of PHD fusion proteins from plasma membrane to cytosol was found to be a more reliable and quantitative method for measuring increases in ... (CFP–PHD) increased, whereas the intensity of the corresponding acceptor (YFP–PHD) decreased, as expected from dissociation of the exchanging partners, causing a subsequent decrease in the overall ... basal salt saline (BSS)] In the presence of mm extracellular calcium, mAChR activation induced both a transient and a sustained increase in intracellular calcium, as measured by Fura ⁄ AM-based...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 03:20

... between two phases, K is the Boltzmann constant or the gas constant per molecule, and T is the absolute temperature In the case of vapor clusters (phase B) contained in a liquid phase (phase A), ... in gas phase direction power, Btu/hr perimeter for gas or liquid phase pressure, Ib/ft2 or psi pressure drop psi volumetric flow rate, ft3/hr heat transferred per unit time and volume to phase ... undoubtedly has been made in many aspects, such as the modeling of two -phase flow, the evaluation of and experimentation on the forced-convection boiling crisis as well as heat transfer beyond the critical...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 15:22

... induced by a picosecond laser pulse 50 48 56 Laser Induced Phase Change In this section, various phenomena accompanying phase change in an argon target illuminated with a laser pulse of 0.7 J/m ... of laser material interaction was to study the laser induced ablation in various systems Kotake and Kuroki [5] studied laser ablation of a small dielectric system consisting of 4851 atoms Laser ... under study has 486,000 atoms, which is large enough to suppress statistical uncertainty Laser heating of argon with different laser fluences is investigated Laser induced heat transfer, melting,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:55

... induced by a picosecond laser pulse 50 48 56 Laser Induced Phase Change In this section, various phenomena accompanying phase change in an argon target illuminated with a laser pulse of 0.7 J/m ... of laser material interaction was to study the laser induced ablation in various systems Kotake and Kuroki [5] studied laser ablation of a small dielectric system consisting of 4851 atoms Laser ... under study has 486,000 atoms, which is large enough to suppress statistical uncertainty Laser heating of argon with different laser fluences is investigated Laser induced heat transfer, melting,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:57

... induced by a picosecond laser pulse 50 48 56 Laser Induced Phase Change In this section, various phenomena accompanying phase change in an argon target illuminated with a laser pulse of 0.7 J/m ... of laser material interaction was to study the laser induced ablation in various systems Kotake and Kuroki [5] studied laser ablation of a small dielectric system consisting of 4851 atoms Laser ... under study has 486,000 atoms, which is large enough to suppress statistical uncertainty Laser heating of argon with different laser fluences is investigated Laser induced heat transfer, melting,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:59

... easy handling solid acid catalysts are desired Furthermore, the use of solid acid catalysts offers easy catalyst recovery and recycling, as well as product separation At the same time, the catalyst ... acid) was collected as IRMOF-8 - Purple cubic crystals (25% based on benzimidazole) was collected as ZIF-9 - Deep purple crystals (88% based on 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid) was collected as MOF-199 ... functionalization of the pores Employing MOFs as catalysts is a young research area, as compared with the field of gas capture and storage Indeed, MOFs have emerged as a hot topic in heterogeneous catalysis...

Ngày tải lên: 10/05/2014, 21:59

... for at least weeks with no appearance of new disease CR + PR was rated as the overall response rate Stable disease (SD) was defined as a less than 50% reduction or less than 25% increase in the ... complete response (CR) was defined as the disappearance of all lesions and no appearance of new disease for at least weeks Partial response (PR) was defined as a reduction by at least 50% in the sum ... randomized phase II trial can be considered as two simultaneous phase II studies: the sample size for each arm was calculated using Simon's one-stage design with a 5% α error and 10% β error Assuming...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... observed in the gas phase The intact chemical composition of the QC was not observed, as typical of the spectra of thiolated clusters [34,38] AgnSm- species observed in the gas phase are dissociation ... ml of water was added (nanoparticles and MSA were in 1:3 ratio by mass) The etching process took place at the interface of the two phases (water/toluene) The color of the aqueous phase changed ... dissociation products as well as gas phase reaction products Intact clusters, along with the monolayers, are seen only in MALDI-MS and ESI-MS of the free clusters [34] One of the interesting aspects of...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20