... that testing is the process of showing that the program functions correctly Once again, the definition oftesting is the process of executing a program with the intent of finding errors Principle ... proceed through this book, keep in mind these three important principles of testing: • • • Testing is the process of executing a program with the intent of finding errors A good test case is one ... program Therefore, the majority of program testing is conducted by people other than the author, which follows thetesting principle stating that an individual is usually ineffective intesting his...
... UNIVERSITY, HANOI COLLEGE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES POST GRADUATE STUDIES DEPARTMENT TRẦN QUỐC VIỆT A STUDY ON THE TECHNIQUES FOR THE IMPROVEMENT TO THE TEACHING OF ORAL SKILLS IN LIGHT OF COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH ... COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS IN QUẢNG NGÃI PROVINCE (NGHIÊN CỨU CÁC THỦ THUẬT NÂNG CAO VIỆC DẠY KỸ NĂNG NGHE NÓI TIẾNG ANH THEO ĐƯỜNG HƯỚNG GIAO TIẾP CHO ... NÓI TIẾNG ANH THEO ĐƯỜNG HƯỚNG GIAO TIẾP CHO GIÁO VIÊN TRUNG HỌC CƠ SỞ TẠI TỈNH QUẢNG NGÃI) M.A.THESIS HA NOI-2007 ...
... meaning that assuming the null hypothesis (NH) is true, the observed difference is likely to occur by chance 5% ofthe time The chance of inaccurately accepting a positive finding (rejecting the ... directly relevant to the question of whether a drug has a risk of causing mania Inthe case of lamotrigine, for instance, a review ofthe pooled clinical trials failed to find a difference with placebo ... confounding factors for the entire sample at the beginning ofthe study If that entire sample is analyzed at the end ofthe study, there should be no confounding bias However, if some of that...
... upstream input inthe CMTS, resulting inthe following advantages: • As the ratio changes, there is no effect on the fixed cabling as all the fixed cabling is on the rear side ofthepatch panels ... Reconfiguration of Indoor Combination Networks Through the Use ofPatch Panels Alternative Through the Use of Radiofrequency Patch Panel 2000 homes in optical nodes 500 can be served 25% penetration CMTS Input ... Reconfiguration Initial Situation Combination of Nodes per Upstream Input inthe CMTS CMTS 4:1 4:1 Temporary Change Without Affecting Service to a Combination of Nodes per Upstream Input inthe CMTS...
... sort of stopper which closed the round aperture inthe roof ofthe Pantheon The Pantheon stands at one corner ofthe Region of Pigna, and a connection between the Region, the Pantheon and the Pine-cone ... orders, the Dominicans and the Jesuits, the former inthe Piazza della Minerva, the latter inthe Piazza del Gesù, and inthe Collegio Romano; and here at the present day, inthe buildings ofthe ... crowds of men always more men than women move inward, half unconsciously, out of inborn instinct, to the Forum, the centre ofthe Empire, the middle ofthe world, the boiling-point ofthe whole...
... the use ofthe incorrect definition oftesting that is, the assumption that testing is the process of showing that the program functions correctly Once again, the definition oftesting is the process ... programmers begin with a false definition ofthe term They might say: • Testing is the process of demonstrating that errors are not present.” The Art of Software Testing or • The purpose oftesting is ... discussion of software testing with these issues before we delve into the more technical nature ofthe topic The Psychology ofTesting One ofthe primary causes of poor program testing is the fact...
... > h from the start of glucose infusion For the calculation of glycogen C6 changes, data acquired within h ofthe start ofthe glucose infusion was not included to avoid any in uence of transient ... the initial rate of label incorporation into glycogen C6 relative to the rate of label incorporation into glycogen C1 reflects the relative isotopic enrichment of Glc6P inthe C6 relative to the ... should the tail vein fail, which was the case in only three animals, the data of which were included After the lines were inserted, pentobarbital was infused continuously at 4.8–6.0 mgÆkg)1Æh)1 The...
... would put it out ofthe reach ofthe 'inferior Courts' and into the clutches of'the King's Old Subjects.' But the gist of it all was contained inthe following: 'We represent that as the Grand Jury ... was then being practised in Boston and other hotbeds of disaffection The redcoats had done their work in ridding America ofthe old French menace They were doing it now in ridding the colonies of ... posts inthe hinterland looked like weak little islands which might be suddenly engulfed inthe sea of Indian troubles raging round them Then, at the other end ofthe British line, there were the...
... threonine protein kinase composed of several functional domains including a kinase domain, a calmodulin regulatory domain, eight consecutive ankyrin repeats, two putative nucleotide-binding domains ... shown that the death domain is the major determinant for the interaction of DAPK with TSC2 [21] Therefore, we asked whether the effect of TSC2 on DAPK was a direct result of protein binding To explore ... to a marked reduction inthe level of DAPK, it had no effect on the DAPK (1–1313) mutant lacking the TSC2-binding domain (Fig 5C), indicating that binding to the death domain is required for TSC2...
... depend either on the reactivity ofthe substrate or on the asymmetry ofthe active site that forces the binding ofthe substrate inthe monoanionic form [38–41] The decrease in Km values of mutant ... conformation ofthe active site changes with respect to the one observed inthe crystal structure of C2,3O upon binding ofthe dimethylcatechols Since the CH atoms at position ofthe substrate ring point ... ofthe cleavage of 3-MC is proximal, independently ofthe orientation ofthe substrate inthe binding site Thus, the regioselectivity of cleavage would be mainly controlled by the reactivity of...
... the use ofthe incorrect definition oftesting that is, the assumption that testing is the process of showing that the program functions correctly Once again, the definition oftesting is the process ... programmers begin with a false definition ofthe term They might say: • Testing is the process of demonstrating that errors are not present.” The Art of Software Testing or • The purpose oftesting is ... discussion of software testing with these issues before we delve into the more technical nature ofthe topic The Psychology ofTesting One ofthe primary causes of poor program testing is the fact...
... discussion of software testing with these issues before we delve into the more technical nature ofthe topic The Psychology ofTesting One ofthe primary causes of poor program testing is the fact ... software testing They, too, took a more transient approach to the topic Myers’s The Art of Software Testing, on the other hand, gave the industry a long-lasting, foundational guide to one ofthe ... Reliability Testing 139 Recovery Testing 141 Serviceability Testing 142 Documentation Testing 142 Procedure Testing 142 Performing the System Test 143 Acceptance Testing 144 Installation Testing 144...
... question In general, the least effective methodology of all is random-input testingthe process oftesting a program by selecting, at random, some subset of all possible input values In terms ofthe ... probably not exercise the check for the amount, since the program may say “XYZ IS UNKNOWN BOOK TYPE” and not bother to examine the remainder ofthe input 56 The Art of Software Testing An Example As ... than the programmer In other words, errors are not viewed as weaknesses inthe person who committed them Rather, they are viewed as being inherent inthe difficulty ofthe program development The...
... For 66 The Art of Software Testing instance, perhaps the MTEST program ofthe previous section fails if the product ofthe number of questions and the number of students exceeds some limit (the ... 77F-407A displays the words containing the bytes inthe address range 775407A, DISPLAY 77F.6 74 The Art of Software Testing displays the words containing the six bytes starting at location 77F, ... records 19 The above student is the first student inthe file 64 The Art of Software Testing 20 The above student is the last student inthe file 21 A student has two answer records, but there is...
... managing the combined elements of testing, since attention is focused initially on smaller units ofthe program Second, module testing eases the task of debugging (the process of pinpointing and ... module testing Chapter discusses the remaining steps Module testing (or unit testing) is a process oftestingthe individual subprograms, subroutines, or procedures in a program That is, rather ... be made about the order of entries in EMPTAB and DEPTTAB The function ofthe 102 The Art of Software Testing module is to increment the salary (EMPTAB.SALARY) of those employees inthe department...
... until the last module is added 119 120 The Art of Software Testing Performing the Test The remaining part ofthe module test is the act of actually carrying out the test A set of hints and guidelines ... advantages of top-down testing become the disadvantages of bottom-up testing, and the disadvantages of topdown testing become the advantages of bottom-up testing Because of this, the discussion of bottom-up ... training aircraft simulator by determining the system’s reaction to the trainee’s forcing the rudder left, pulling back on the throttle, lowering the flaps, lifting the nose, lowering the landing...
... area of program testing is of interest to you, research the concept of inductive assertions The goal of this method is the development of a set of theorems about the program in question, the proof ... problem inthe computing industry Compounding the problem is the fact that thetesting process falls at the end ofthe development cycle, meaning that resource changes are 146 The Art of Software Testing ... 144 The Art of Software Testing way of conducting a system test (economical in terms of finding the most errors with a given amount of money, or spending less money to find the same number of...
... half ofthe number of students, rounded up to the next integer In other words, if you think ofthe grades as being stored in a sorted table, the program is printing the entry number ofthe middle ... backtrack the incorrect results through the logic ofthe program until you Debugging 169 find the point where the logic went astray In other words, start at the point where the program gives the incorrect ... Debugging by TestingThe last “thinking type” debugging method is the use of test cases This probably sounds a bit peculiar since the beginning of this chapter distinguishes debugging from testing However,...
... deploying it to the Internet And, given the complexity of these applications and the interdependency ofthe components, you likely will succeed in finding plenty of errors The importance of rooting ... rooting out the errors in an Internet application cannot be understated As a result ofthe openness and accessi193 194 The Art of Software Testing bility ofthe Internet, competition inthe business-to-consumer ... test against Business Layer Testing Business layer testing focuses on finding errors inthe business logic of your Internet application You will find this layer very similar to testing stand-alone...
... with the intent of finding errors top-down testing A form of incremental module testingin which the initial module is tested first, then the next subordinate module, and so on usability testing ... certain workloads or configurations random-input testingThe processes oftesting a program by randomly selecting a subset of all possible input values security testing A form of system testing ... an input in a class is representative ofthe test results for all inputs ofthe same class exhaustive input testing A criterion used in black-box testingin which one tries to find all errors in...