2  molecular mechanisms in embryonic palatal development

... of c-jun highlighting the importance of alternative pathways and compensatory mechanisms, which may be shared during developmental axonal outgrowth These compensatory molecules may incorporate ... corresponds with a significant increase in central axonal sprouting [114] and may imply compensatory mechanisms involving other, closely related alpha subunits Central axonal sprouting on injury-induced ... ablation of Stat3 reveals differential signaling requirements for survival of motoneurons during development and after nerve injury in the adult J Cell Biol 156, 287–297 22 Rende M, Muir D, Ruoslahti...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 16:20

... with size in other developmental contexts The ability to coordinate tissue pattern with tissue size is not unique to the Xenopus embryo, but is a profound property found in many developmental systems ... FEBS 1201 Maintaining proportions in embryonic development N Barkai and D Ben-Zvi occurs early, at the level of receptor activation Understanding the mechanisms that could ensure size compensation ... Journal compilation ª 2009 FEBS Maintaining proportions in embryonic development 1203 Maintaining proportions in embryonic development N Barkai and D Ben-Zvi independent of the field size, L The...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 02:20

... developing chick facial primordia Development 124, 391–398 123 Capdevila, J and Izpisua Belmonte, J C (2001) Patterning mechanisms controlling vertebrate limb development Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol ... vertebrate limb Development 128, 4463–4474 151 Zhang, H and Bradley, A (1996) Mice deficient for BMP2 are nonviable and have defects in amnion/chorion and cardiac development Development 122, ... limb development Development 122, 1385–1394 161 Helms, J., Thaller, C., and Eichele, G (1994) Relationship between retinoic acid and sonic hedgehog, two polarizing signals in the chick wing bud Development...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... zebrafish (Developmental Biology, in preparation) Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Zebrafish as a model organism Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become an important model organism in the study of vertebrate developmental ... does not Molecular dissection of the two classes has shed light on their respective mechanisms and roles in development The Wnt1 class acts via β-catenin and is shown to function in fate determination ... Vladimir Korzh Zath3 acts as a proneural determinant in multipotential neural precursors in hindbrain (Development, in preparation) Michael Richardson, Steven Fong, Dmitry Bessarab, Alexander Emelyanov,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:12

... nonredundant functions during mouse development Analyses of AP-2a-null mice have demonstrated that AP-2a is a fundamental regulator of mammalian craniofacial development AP-2a knockout mice die ... chondrogenesis and skeletal development In addition to Sox and Runx transcription factors, members of the AP-2 family also have important functions in chondrogenesis and development of the vertebrate ... transcription factor in regulating bone and cartilage development during embryogenesis, because of the severe skeletal defects in growth and the development of face and limbs [17–19] Donner et al...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... protein, this last gene being inserted between rassf2 and prp1 [13] Developmental expression pattern of zebrafish prp1 The developmental expression pattern of zebrafish prp1 was characterized from ... mammalian origin by the fish intestine Comparison of zebrafish prp1, prp2, and prp3 developmental expression patterns The developmental expression patterns of prp1 and prp2 coding for long zebrafish PrPs ... prevent pigment formation When used, this treatment did not affect the developmental expression patterns of the investigated genes Developmental stages were recorded as hours or days postfertilization...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... High-resolution protein separation technologies and mass spectrometry have been fundamental to development of this discipline, and a typical scheme involves 2D gel electrophoresis, tryptic digestion ... Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI) and the Brazilian National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq, grant number GDE-200847 ⁄ 2007-04) References Qoronfleh MW (2006) Role and challenges...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 10:20

... 0.05% 3,3¢-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride and 0.01% H2O2 were added as substrate for color development The reaction was stopped with Tris ⁄ NaCl, dehydrated in an ascending alcohol series, ... dilution) was used as secondary antibody Thereafter, 3,3¢,5,5¢-tetramethylbenzidine was used for color development The reaction was stopped with m H2SO4, and the absorbance of the protein was measured...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 14:20

... regulatory mechanisms found in most other organisms, namely product inhibition and control by metabolites further downstream in the pathway or by effectors [13] In Kinetoplastida, such mechanisms ... 272 (2005) 3542–3560 ª 2005 FEBS seems to have resulted in a kind of ‘re-routing’ of regulatory mechanisms (Fig 1) and cytosolic pyruvate kinase appears the most important regulated enzyme [5,6,11,12,14] ... tissue-specific PFK-2 ⁄ FBPase-2 bifunctional isoenzymes exist with kinetic properties and regulatory mechanisms related to metabolism (glycolysis vs gluconeogenesis) [1,2,16,17] The isoenzymes are...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 22:20

... Suzuki, N., and Jones, C M (1994) Growth factors in development: the role of TGF-beta related polypeptide signalling molecules in embryogenesis Development 120, 53–60 Amaya, E., Musci, T J., and ... cell line Development 99, 3–14 15 Green, J B A., Howes, G., Symes, K., Cooke, J., and Smith, J C (1990) The biological effects of XTC-MIF: quantitative comparison with Xenopus bFGF Development ... and Smith, J C (1992) Bone morphogenetic protein 4, a ventralizing factor in early Xenopus development Development 115, 573–585 17 Graff, J M., Thies, R S., Song, J J., Celeste, A J., and Melton,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 09:52

... treatment, there are several limitations to be discussed First, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of GH on the development of AFLD in the presence of alcohol are complex Both alcohol ... 1), and mice in these groups remained healthy GH1 gene expression in AFLD mice We observed the development of the typical histological and biochemical features of liver steatosis in the AFLD ... alcohol group Collectively, these results indicate that GH1 therapy seems to protect against further development of alcoholic liver steatosis in mice Control (6) (0) (0) (0) GH1-treated control (6)...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... expressions in primary OA synovial cells as well as in model cells, which suggested anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the PAR2-IP Trypsin is well recognized as an activator of PAR2 Importantly, trypsin ... induce cytokine-related inflammation Although further studies may be required to discover detailed mechanisms, application of PAR2-IP is suggested as a potential therapeutic strategy for OA Conclusions ... 64:1057-1068 10 Dery O, Corvera CU, Steinhoff M, Bunnett NW: Proteinase-activated receptors: novel mechanisms of signaling by serine proteases Am J Physiol 1998, 274:C1429-1452 11 L’Hermette MF,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... for normal skeletal development The magnitude of the disruption of the process of ordered skeletal development is dependent on both the role of the mutated gene product in the developmental process ... early chicken development Development 113, 959967 46 Fujimori, T., Miyatani, S., and Takeichi, M (1990) Ectopic expression of N-cadherin perturbs histogenesis in Xenopus embryos Development 110, ... SKELETON BIOCHEMICAL, GENETIC, AND MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS IN DEVELOPMENT AND HOMEOSTASIS Edited by EDWARD J MASSARO and JOHN M ROGERS Developmental Biology Branch, Reproductive Toxicology Division,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... intracellular mechanisms (8–10) It is important to remember that although we discuss a variety of mechanisms used to regulate the actions of these proteins, different strategies may be used in different developmental ... Krauss, S., McMahon, A P., et al (1994) The hedgehog gene family in Drosophila and vertebrate development Development Suppl., 43–51 57 Tanimoto, H., Itoh, S., ten Dijke, P., and Tabata, T (2000) Hedgehog ... 99 II Control of Skeletal Development 100 Kmita et al HoxD Complex in Skeletal Patterning 101 Molecular Genetic Analysis of the Role of the HoxD Complex in Skeletal Development Impact of the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... essential for normal limb development Nat Genet 26, 460–463 33 Moon, A M., Boulet, A M., and Capecchi, M R (2000) Normal limb development in conditional mutants of Fgf4 Development 127, 989–996 ... acid receptors (RARs) during development (I) Craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities in RAR double mutants Development 120, 2723–2748 Retinoid Signaling and Skeletal Development 157 42 Mendelsohn, ... Hedgehog signaling Development 129, 843–851 52 Lee, J D., Kraus, P., Gaiano, N., et al (2001) An acylatable residue of Hedgehog is differentially required in Drosophila and mouse limb development Dev...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... and effects were determined over developmental time The major advantage of this pharmacological approach is that the antagonists can be used at specific stages of development and can be placed in ... represent critical signaling mechanisms that are interrelated and interdependent, counteract and counterbalance each other’s actions, and ultimately orchestrate long bone development Their respective ... Function of the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) during development II Multiple abnormalities at various stages of organogenesis in RAR double mutants Development 120, 2749–2771 170 Pacifici et al 16...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... new cytokine critical for osteoclast development J Clin Invest 93, 1516–1524 96 Galvin, R J., Bryan, P., Horn, J W., Rippy, M K., and Thomas, J E (1996) Development and characterization of a ... TGF- superfamily, gene products that have major activities in the mechanisms of morphogenesis, axial growth, soft- and hard-tissue development, maintenance, and repair, including but not limited ... induction is a major challenge for contemporary molecular, cellular, developmental, and tissue-engineering biology Common molecular mechanisms are selectively regulated to provide the emergence of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... forces may lead to identify the mechanisms involved in the physiological response of bone cells to loading, strain or microgravity The identification of these mechanisms that are influenced by ... Studies in tooth development I The 16 microns calcification rhythm in the enamel and dentine from fish to man J Dent Res 18, 91–102 35 Schour, I and Hoffman, M M (1939) Studies in tooth development ... embryonic and fetal development (17), including the regulation of mineral and skeletal homeostasis Pthrp-null fetuses have abnormalities of chondrocyte differentiation and skeletal development (18),...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... role of PTH and PTHrP in regulation of the development and mineralization of the fetal skeleton PTHrP produced locally in the growth plate directs the development of the cartilaginous scaffold ... acts both locally within the growth plate to direct endochondral bone development, and outside of bone to affect skeletal development and mineralization by contributing to the regulation of the ... 9990–9994 113 Stein, G S and Lian, J B (1993) Molecular mechanisms mediating proliferation/differentiation interrelationships during progressive development of the osteoblast phenotype Endocr Rev...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20