10 principles of economics by gregory mankiw pdf
Tài liệu Ten Principles of Economics - Part 6 pdf
... opportunitycost of producing 1 pound of meat is 2 pounds of potatoes. Explain why the rancher’s opportunity cost of producing 1 pound of meat is 1/8 pound of potatoes.2. Maria can read 20 pages of economics ... pound of potatoes costs the rancher 8 pounds of meat,1 pound of meat costs the rancher 1/8 pound of potatoes. Similarly, because 1pound of potatoes costs the farmer 1/2 pound of meat, 1 pound of ... 1 pound of potatoestakes him 10 hours. Because he needs 20 hours to produce 1 pound of meat, 10 hours would yield 1/2 pound of meat. Hence, the farmer’s opportunity cost of 1pound of potatoes...
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Tài liệu Ten Principles of Economics - Part 8 pdf
... SupplyPrice of Ice-CreamConePrice of Ice-CreamCone؉Jerry’s Supply0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Quantity of Ice-Cream Cones$3.001.502.002.501.000.50012345678 9101 112Quantity of Ice-Cream ... MARKET FORCES OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND 77MARKET SUPPLY VERSUS INDIVIDUAL SUPPLYJust as market demand is the sum of the demands of all buyers, market supply isthe sum of the supplies of all sellers. ... quantity of ice cream you are willing to produceand offer for sale? Here are some possible answers.PriceThe price of ice cream is one determinant of the quantity supplied. Whenthe price of ice...
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Tài liệu Ten Principles of Economics - Part 9 pdf
... istemporarily high. How does this baby boom affect theprice of baby-sitting services in 2 010 and 2020? (Hint:5-year-olds need baby-sitters, whereas 15-year-olds canbe baby-sitters.)7. Ketchup is a ... responsiveness of quantity demanded or quantitysupplied to one of its determinantsprice elasticity of demanda measure of how much the quantitydemanded of a good responds to achange in the price of that ... dramatically alter the number of times they go to thedoctor, although they might go somewhat less often. By contrast, when the price of sailboats rises, the quantity of sailboats demanded falls...
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Tài liệu Ten Principles of Economics - Part 10 ppt
... demanded to fall only from 100 total revenuethe amount paid by buyers andreceived by sellers of a good,computed as the price of the goodtimes the quantity sold 104 PART TWO SUPPLY AND DEMAND ... 10- percent increase in the price of an ice-cream conecauses the amount of ice cream you buy to fall by 20 percent. We calculate yourelasticity of demand asPrice elasticity of demand ϭϭ2.In this example, ... ELASTICITY OF DEMANDWhen studying changes in supply or demand in a market, one variable we oftenwant to study is total revenue, the amount paid by buyers and received by sellers of the good....
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Tài liệu Ten Principles of Economics - Part 11 pdf
... p. 94price elasticity of demand, p. 94total revenue, p. 98income elasticity of demand, p. 102 cross-price elasticity of demand, p. 104 price elasticity of supply, p. 104 Key Concepts1. Define ... affected by the introduction of a new hybrid. Figure 5-8 shows an example of such achange. When the supply curve shifts from S1to S2, the quantity of wheat sold in-creases from 100 to 110, and ... analyze many of the most important events and policies that shapeP2P1Quantity of Drugs0Q2Q1Price of DrugsDemandS2S1Q2Q1(a) Drug InterdictionQuantity of Drugs0Price of DrugsSupplyD2D1(b)...
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Tài liệu Ten Principles of Economics - Part 56 pdf
... Second, debt financing of wars shifts part of the cost of wars to fu-ture generations, who will have to pay off the government debt. This is argu-ably a fair distribution of the burden, for future ... source of the supply of loanable funds—is composed of private saving and public saving.A change in the government budget deficit represents a change in public savingand, thereby, in the supply of ... THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM 577size of the changes to the $20 billion of extragovernment borrowing.c. How does the elasticity of supply of loanablefunds affect the size of these changes? (Hint: SeeChapter...
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Ten Principles of Economics - Part 44
... amount of income— $100 ,000 in our example—were fixed. But, in fact, it is not. Utilitarians reject com-plete equalization of incomes because they accept one of the Ten Principles of Economics ... the richest 2.8 percent of the population. About fourout of five of these millionaires made their money on their own, such as by start-ing and building a business or by climbing the corporate ... veil of ignorance would beto maximize the average utility of members of society, and the resulting notion of justice would be more utilitarian than Rawlsian.LIBERTARIANISMA third view of inequality...
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Ten Principles of Economics - Part 47
... living standard by cutting back on the luxury of meatand buying more of the staple food of potatoes. Thus, it is argued that a higherprice of potatoes actually raised the quantity of potatoes demanded.Whether ... effect onlabor supply of winning such a large prize is substantial.Similar results were found in a study, published in the May 1993 issue of theQuarterly Journal of Economics, of how receiving a ... of consumer choice does allow demand curves to slopeupward. Yet such occurrences are so unusual that the law of demand is as reliablea law as any in economics. Quantity of MeatAQuantity of Potatoes0ECI2I1Initial...
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Ten Principles of Economics - Part 49
... the health of our children, thequality of their education, or the joy of their play. It does not include the beauty of our poetry or the strength of our marriages, the intelligence of our publicdebate ... Americans. 506 PART EIGHT THE DATA OF MACROECONOMICSCASE STUDYINTERNATIONAL DIFFERENCES IN GDP AND THEQUALITY OF LIFEOne way to gauge the usefulness of GDP as a measure of economic well-beingis to ... thequality of air and water would more than offset the gains from greater production.GDP also says nothing about the distribution of income. A society in which 100 people have annual incomes of $50,000...
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Ten Principles of Economics - Part 50
... ($8/$8) ϫ 100 ϭ 100 2002 ($14/$8) ϫ 100 ϭ 1752003 ($20/$8) ϫ 100 ϭ 250STEP5: USE THECONSUMERPRICEINDEX TOCOMPUTE THEINFLATIONRATE FROMPREVIOUSYEAR2002 (175 Ϫ 100 ) /100 ϫ 100 ϭ ... basket of hot dogs and hamburgers costs $8. Therefore, the price of thebasket in all years is divided by $8 and multiplied by 100 . The consumerprice index is 100 in 2001. (The index is always 100 ... milk and honey.PRICEQUANTITYPRICEOFQUANTITYYEAR OF MILK OF MILKHONEY OF HONEY2001 $1 100 qts. $2 50 qts.2002 $1 200 $2 100 2003 $2 200 $4 100 ...
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Ten Principles of Economics - Part 1
... ideas. In the rest of this chapter, we look at Ten Principles of Economics. These principles recur throughout this book and are introduced here to give youan overview of what economics is all ... raise its profits by opportunity costwhatever must be given up to obtainsome itemmarginal changessmall incremental adjustments to aplan of action CHAPTER 1 TEN PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS 7thinking ... seats,the cost of adding one more passenger is minuscule. Although the average cost of flying a passenger is $500, the marginal cost is merely the cost of the bag of peanutsand can of soda that...
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Ten Principles of Economics - Part 2
... task. Thefield of economics is based on a few basic ideas that can be applied in many dif-ferent situations.Throughout this book we will refer back to the Ten Principles of Economics highlighted ... three examples of important tradeoffs that you facein your life.2. What is the opportunity cost of seeing a movie?3. Water is necessary for life. Is the marginal benefit of aglass of water large ... introduction of competing products hasreduced the expected sales of your new product to$3 million. If it would cost $1 million to finishProblems and Applications CHAPTER 1 TEN PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS...
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Ten Principles of Economics - Part 3
... source of the inefficiency were eliminated, the economycould move from point B to point A, increasing production of both cars (to 700)and computers (to 2,000).One of the Ten Principles of Economics ... less of the other. When the economy moves frompoint A to point C, for instance, society produces more computers but at the ex-pense of producing fewer cars.Another of the Ten Principles of Economics ... its residents. Peter has in-come of $50,000 and is taxed $5,000, or 10 percent of his income. Paul has income of $10, 000 and is taxed $2,000, or 20 percent of his income.Is this policy fair?...
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