10 6 equilibrium and stability of conservative systems

... (1999), pp 209–238 [6] G M Lee and N D Yen, Fr´echet and normal coderivatives of implicit multifunctions, Appl Anal 90 (2011), pp 101 1 102 7 [7] G M Lee and N D Yen, Coderivatives of a Karush-Kuhn-Tucker ... we can establish conditions for solution stability of the variational systems of the form: ∈ φ(x, p) + F(x, p) (4 .10) Let S(·) be the solution map of (4 .10) , i.e., S : X ⇒ P is the implicit multifunction ... assertions ✷ Solution stability of variational systems Lipschitzian stability of (parametric) variational systems are investigated in this section The coderivative formulas of implicit multifunctions...

Ngày tải lên: 12/10/2015, 10:46

... strengths and melting points For instance, a eutectic mixture of 63 % tin and 37% lead has a melting point of 183 C and a mixture of 10% tin and 90% lead has a melting range of 275 to 302 C Additions of ... usefulness of a CAD system However, because of the complexity of typical thermal systems and processes, such CAD systems are often limited to the design of relatively simple systems and equipment ... selection of the type of material, narrowing of the available choices, and final selection of an appropriate material 2 .6 SUMMARY This chapter presents the basic features of design of thermal systems...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 15:20

... a furnace at 10 cm/s and 800 C At distances of 10 m each, there are three rolling dies; see Figure 1 .10( d) The initial thickness of the sheet is cm and at each die, a reduction of 20% in thickness ... the velocity range of – m/s If the signal E is measured as 2, 9, 24, and 47 volts at the velocity V of 0, 1, 2, and m/s, respectively: 2 06 Design and Optimization of Thermal Systems (a) Obtain ... Design and Optimization of Thermal Systems Number of iterations 200 100 opt 1.0 1.5 2.0 Relaxation factor FIGURE 4.3 Typical variation of the number of iterations needed for convergence of a linear...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 15:20

... m(kg/s) 6. 5 6. 4 6. 3 6. 2 6. 1 6. 0 5.9 14 16 18 20 22 B (b) 24 26 5.4 5.8 28 Flow rate vs C 6. 6 Total flow rate m(kg/s) 6. 5 6. 4 6. 3 6. 2 6. 1 6. 0 5.9 5.8 5.7 3.0 3.4 3.8 4.2 5.0 4 .6 6.2 6. 6 C (c) ... Thermal System 6. 8 6. 7 6. 6 6. 5 6. 4 6. 3 6. 2 6. 1 6. 0 5.9 5.8 5.7 5 .6 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.1 300 359 Flow rate vs P1 400 500 P1 60 0 700 Flow rate vs P2 6. 5 6. 4 Total flow rate m(kg/s) 6. 3 6. 2 6. 1 6. 0 5.9 ... requirements and constraints This aspect is considered in detail in later chapters  360 Design and Optimization of Thermal Systems Flow rate vs A 6. 5 Total flow rate m(kg/s) 6. 4 6. 3 6. 2 6. 1 6. 0 5.9 5.8 10...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 15:20

... analysis and the use of the second law of thermodynamics for the optimization of thermal systems; see, for instance, Bejan (1982, 1995) and Bejan et al (19 96) Similar to the conservation of mass and ... with thermal systems, an important consideration is the second law of thermodynamics, which brings in the concepts of entropy and maximum 4 56 Design and Optimization of Thermal Systems useful ... optimization of this process and give the design variables and constraints 7.17 The temperature T in a furnace wall is measured as a function of time over a day For of 2, 3, 6, 8, 10, 15, 18, 22, and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 15:21

... existing systems, and current practice The main elements of this method and the overall scheme are outlined, followed by examples of a few thermal systems to demonstrate the power and usefulness of ... manipulation; and DENDRAL, which finds structures of complex organic compounds Several expert systems have been developed for the design of different types of systems, including thermal systems, and are ... Vertical Other FIGURE 11.2 An example of a tree structure for storing data on cooling of electronic equipment 60 2 Design and Optimization of Thermal Systems of systems Similarly, Figure 2.32 gives...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 15:21

... materials, 67 5 67 6 radiation emissivities, 67 7 67 8 saturated water, 66 5 66 6 as source of design information, 62 5 thermal properties of metals and alloys, 66 9 67 4 variability in thermal systems, ... properties, 108 – 110, 65 9 dry air at atmospheric pressure, 65 9 66 2 gases at atmospheric pressure, 66 2 66 5 liquids, 66 7 66 9 manufacturing process dependence on, 323 in mathematical modeling, 145–1 46 miscellaneous ... Knowledge base, 60 2, 60 3, 60 9 Knowledge-based design, 41, 98, 599, 63 1 problems, 63 3 63 4 Knowledge-based systems, 599 60 2 application to thermal systems, 61 0 62 1 basic components, 60 2 60 7 computational...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 15:21

... expense of a stronger control, whereas the increase of ξ leads to better dynamics  164 Analysis and Control of Linear Systems Figure 6. 2 Stabilization by pole placement 6. 3 Reconstruction of state and ... aspect 1 86 Analysis and Control of Linear Systems 6. 6.4 Interpretation in the form of equivalent corrector The state feedback return and the observer are illustrated in Figure 6. 8 and given ... Stabilization and Estimation 167 From equations [6. 22] and [6. 23] we infer that the reconstruction error verifies: ε k +1 = ( F −L C) ε k [6. 25] In order to guarantee the stability of the observer and, ...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:23

... Figure 10. 16 Figure 10. 16 Phase delay network With T = R C and a = R1 + R R2 The phase delay corrector has the Bode diagram represented in Figure 10. 17 300 Analysis and Control of Linear Systems ... Figure 10. 7 Input compensation This diagram can be considered, with respect to the error, as the overlapping of the two diagrams of Figure 10. 8 292 Analysis and Control of Linear Systems Figure 10. 8 ... which justifies the presence of an amplifier of gain a The Bode graph is represented in Figure 10. 10 Figure 10. 10 Bode graph of a phase lead network The tabulated values of the maximum phase input...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:23

... pos command(n) =10. 0-real(n)*0.02; /Generation of position/ /command for simulation/ pos command (n +100 )=8.0+real(n)*0.02; end / Position control loop / begin (n=1, 300) command= pos command (n); ... because of the significant figures of numerical computation on a com- 6. 2 Architecture of ACDAI-type NCK 195 puter and this accumulated numerical error causes reduction of the accuracy of the interpolator ... can be represented as in Eq 5. 16 GC (s) = KC + Ti s Td s + α Td s + (5. 16) where, Ti and Td , respectively, denote the integration time and derivative time and α stands for derivative gain If oscillation...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:21

... kind of system call and usable hardware) The architecture of hardware (the number of CPUs and the way of connecting between modules) 315 3 16 CNC Architecture Design The architecture of the software ... reliability of the running tasks by preparing for occurrence of problems and removing them Real-time systems can be divided into two types: hard real-time systems and soft real-time systems In ... traditional examples of resource protection, airplane ticket reservation systems and bank accounting systems are often given Before a flight, the seats of an airplane are located in the memory of the ticket...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:21

... composed of two parts with a total of 11 chapters: Part I is composed of Chapters 1 6 on the principle and design of CNC, and Part II is composed of an open-architectural soft CNC system Specifically, ... Soft-NC is the scheduling that satisfies the execution of the software modules in real time Recently, NC systems have advanced from being closed systems to being open and distributed systems and ... Controller 5.5.3 Comparison of Following Errors 5 .6 Summary 157 157 158 160 161 162 166 171 179 179 182 183 185 Numerical...

Ngày tải lên: 08/09/2013, 20:50

... directly Similar to (6. 4.5) and (6. 4 .6) , it is a direct implementation of a pair of I/O equations: w…n† ˆ x…n† À M ˆ mˆ1 am w…n À m† 6: 4:9† 266 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF IIR FILTERS x(n) b0 ... experiments in Sections 6. 7 Example 6. 13: Design a bandpass filter with passband of 100 Hz to 200 Hz and the sampling rate is kHz The passband ripple is less than dB and the stopband attenuation is ... stability test and is given by ja1 j < ‡ a2 : 6: 6:9† Stability conditions (6. 6.8) and (6. 6.9) are illustrated in Figure 6. 20, which shows the resulting stability triangle in the a1 Àa2 plane That...

Ngày tải lên: 28/10/2013, 05:15

... 262 262 266 266 270 271 2 76 2 76 277 277 280 280 281 282 page 9.5 9 .6 9.7 9.8 10 283 284 2 86 2 86 290 291 2 96 2 96 OTHER INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS 299 10. 1 10. 2 10. 3 10. 4 10. 5 10. 6 ... - C PROGRAMMING 53 54 55 56 56 57 58 59 59 59 59 59 60 60 60 61 61 62 62 64 65 65 65 65 66 66 NETWORK COMMUNICATION 68 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 INTRODUCTION NETWORKS 4.2.1 Topology ... 152 153 157 159 160 160 161 162 162 163 164 164 165 165 166 168 169 172 172 172 173 174 174 175 175 179 181 182 182 184 191 191 193 194 195 1 96 198 198 199 200 202 203 203 2 06 207 page 7.22 7.23...

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2013, 20:17

... forward Int Adds Int Div Comp Int Mult exp Real Add Real Mult — 10 24 66 1422 16 16 16 16 64 64 6 20 10 258 1549 193 16 - 102 4 - 12 16 - modeling section, preliminary investigations can be made from ... Gajski, D and Vahid, F., Specification and design of embedded hardware-software systems, IEEE Design & Test of Computers, pp 53 -67 , Spring 1995 [14] DeBardelaben, J and Madisetti, V., Hardware/software ... 78. 16: The VHDL process of MUX where bwtransmitting is the consumed bandwidth of transmitting packets, bwpassing is the consumed bandwidth of passing packets, bwecho is the consumed bandwidth of...

Ngày tải lên: 25/12/2013, 06:16

... Plots 2.17.4 Saving and Printing Graphs 58 65 2.18 Input/Output in MATLAB 2.18.1 The fopen Statement 65 65 2.19 Symbolic Mathematics 2.19.1 Symbolic Expressions 66 66 68 69 2.20 The Laplace ... 2.9 .6 Deleting Elements 2.9.7 Built-in Functions 35 35 37 37 2 .10. 2 Dot Product 2 .10. 3 Array Multiplication 37 37 2 .10. 4 Array Division 2 .10. 5 Identity Matrix 37 37 2 .10. 6 Inverse of a ... 2 .10. 6 Inverse of a Matrix 2 .10. 7 Transpose 38 38 2 .10. 8 Determinant 2 .10. 9 Array Division 38 38 2 .10. 10 Left Division 2 .10. 11 Right Division 38 38 2 .10. 12 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 2.11 Element-by-Element...

Ngày tải lên: 01/01/2014, 18:43

... 262 262 266 266 270 271 2 76 2 76 277 277 280 280 281 282 page 9.5 9 .6 9.7 9.8 10 283 284 2 86 2 86 290 291 2 96 2 96 OTHER INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS 299 10. 1 10. 2 10. 3 10. 4 10. 5 10. 6 ... - C PROGRAMMING 53 54 55 56 56 57 58 59 59 59 59 59 60 60 60 61 61 62 62 64 65 65 65 65 66 66 NETWORK COMMUNICATION 68 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 INTRODUCTION NETWORKS 4.2.1 Topology ... 152 153 157 159 160 160 161 162 162 163 164 164 165 165 166 168 169 172 172 172 173 174 174 175 175 179 181 182 182 184 191 191 193 194 195 1 96 198 198 199 200 202 203 203 2 06 207 page 7.22 7.23...

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2014, 05:20

... 262 262 266 266 270 271 2 76 2 76 277 277 280 280 281 282 page 9.5 9 .6 9.7 9.8 10 283 284 2 86 2 86 290 291 2 96 2 96 OTHER INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS 299 10. 1 10. 2 10. 3 10. 4 10. 5 10. 6 ... - C PROGRAMMING 53 54 55 56 56 57 58 59 59 59 59 59 60 60 60 61 61 62 62 64 65 65 65 65 66 66 NETWORK COMMUNICATION 68 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 INTRODUCTION NETWORKS 4.2.1 Topology ... 152 153 157 159 160 160 161 162 162 163 164 164 165 165 166 168 169 172 172 172 173 174 174 175 175 179 181 182 182 184 191 191 193 194 195 1 96 198 198 199 200 202 203 203 2 06 207 page 7.22 7.23...

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2014, 12:20

... M88V D11N 3.4 kbar of pressure 4.5 M urea 9.0 M urea 108 108 108 108 108 108 107 108 105 102 102 107 ND ND ND 102 and T45S particles with 4.5 M urea resulted in drastic reductions of phage titer ... unaffected and showed only a 10- fold loss of titer Pressure stability of the MS2 bacteriophage and ts mutants Fig High-performance gel filtration chromatography of bacteriophage MS2 and the temperature ... absence of urea Wavelength range: 300– 210 nm The samples of MS2 bacteriophage and ts mutants were diluted to a final concentration of 100 lgÆmL)1 and the spectra were measured in buffer (10 mM Tris/30...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 12:20

... ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 DGU,25 (kJÆmol)1) Tg (°C) 183 175 174 166 1 06 100 28.5 26. 7 26. 6 25.0 16. 0 15.4 101 .9 98.0 97.8 94.2 74.4 73.0 ± ± ± ± ± ± 2 2 3 ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 ... where Cp,N2 and Cp,U stand for the molar heat capacities of the native and unfolded states, respectively; that is, the changes of HN2 and HU with temperature Substitution of this and Eqn (10) in Eqn ... dependence of the heat capacity of the initial and final conformations (Cp,N2 and Cp,U), the heat capacity of the native state was taken to be a linear function of temperature and that of the unfolded...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 12:20