1 considerable cellular energy is required to combat ultraviolet radiation induced cutaneous stress
Báo cáo y học: "The HIV-1 Rev/RRE system is required for HIV-1 5’ UTR cis elements to augment encapsidation of heterologous RNA into HIV-1 viral particle" ppsx
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 01:21
... onto the MLV/HIV RRE + RU5PS chimeric vector RNA to also allow for packaging into MLV derived viral particles Accordingly, this vector was used to examine if the HIV-1 Rev/RRE and 5’ UTR cis ... comparable to those of standard HIV-1 vectors The unique capacity of the heterologous vector to remain episomal exposes it to manipulation for therapeutic gene delivery purposes Episomal vectors have ... separated for RNA isolation and Page 14 of 17 protein analysis Cytoplasmic fraction was monitored by western blot analysis for the absence of nucleolin protein, compared to total cellular proteins...
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Báo cáo y học: "The dimerization domain of HIV-1 viral infectivity factor Vif is required to block virion incorporation of APOBEC3G" ppsx
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 05:22
... restricted to the cytoplasm of cells [50], it is significant that the distribution of Peptide was predominantly cytoplasmic as this suggests that disruption of Vif dimerization in the cytoplasm ... likely due to other functions of Vif [1] The current leading hypothesis is that the primary role for Vif is to bind to hA3G and induced its degradation via the proteosome [4-11] In this way, Vif ... reduction in total cellular hA3G supports literature suggesting that Vif, and in the case of our analysis, Vif multimers, may function to block hA3G assembly with virions through a mechanism that is separable...
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Báo cáo y học: " Protein methylation is required to maintain optimal HIV-1 infectivity" ppsx
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 09:20
... cells This effect was observed irrespective of the cell type used to produce the virus Although AdOx was moderately toxic to CEM cells at 20 μM and not toxic to 293T cells, virus biochemistry was ... independent of CD4 and co-receptor interactions via endocytosis VSV-G pseudotyped and wild type NL4.3 virus stocks were each normalized to RT activity and then used to infect MAGI-X4 cells Interestingly, ... (PIC) has to be actively imported into the nucleus in order to allow HIV infection Hence, the lack of difference in infectivity tends to suggest that PIC nuclear import is not a key factor in the...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: ATPase activity of magnesium chelatase subunit I is required to maintain subunit D in vivo ppt
Ngày tải lên :
19/02/2014, 12:20
... Mg2+ to be inserted into protoporphyrin, as all three subunits have some relationship with Mg2+ Concerning the 40 kDa subunit, it is well-known that Mg2+ is required to perform the ATP hydrolysis ... likely to exist Acknowledgements Dr Salam Al-Karadaghi is acknowledged for fruitful discussions This work was made possible thanks to generous support from the Swedish Research Council, the Swedish ... subunit is essential for the function of this subunit as a chaperone and that binding of I to D is not enough to maintain the D subunit in the cell Our study suggests that ATP hydrolysis is important...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Does Size Matter – How Much Data is Required to Train a REG Algorithm?" potx
Ngày tải lên :
07/03/2014, 22:20
... participants who are asked to produce referring expressions for targets in controlled visual scenes for a given domain Since this is a time consuming exercise, it will not be surprising that such corpora ... frequencies For our current evaluation experiments, this would hamper comparison across data sets, because it is difficult to it in a manner that is both consistent and meaningful Therefore we first experiment ... algorithm assigns n points in a vector space to k clusters (S1 to Sk ) by assigning each point to the cluster with the nearest centroid The total intra-cluster variance V is minimized by the function...
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Báo cáo Y học: Proteolytic action of duodenase is required to induce DNA synthesis in pulmonary artery fibroblasts A role for phosphoinositide 3-kinase pot
Ngày tải lên :
24/03/2014, 03:21
... fibroblasts either to become refractory to mitogens or to enter into S-phase more slowly over the time period examined It remains to be established whether chronic exposure to TNFa and IL-1b would result ... Nystedt, S., Ramakrishnan, V & Sundelin, J (1996) The proteinase-activated receptor is induced by inflammatory mediators in human endothelial cells Comparison with the thrombin receptor J Biol Chem ... unpublished observations) Furthermore, this PAR1 activating peptide (100 lM) was found to induce aggregation of isolated bovine platelets similar to that induced by thrombin (T R Walker, unpublished...
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Báo cáo y học: " A suboptimal 5'''' splice site downstream of HIV-1 splice site A1 is required for unspliced viral mRNA accumulation and efficient virus replication" pptx
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 09:21
... subjected to Northern blot analysis with a radiolabeled probe (NB) complementary to all HIV-1 mRNAs (F) Northern blots were quantitated and the values shown were normalized to β-actin and β-galactosidase ... by Western blot analysis of cellular lysates (Fig 2C) To further characterize the defect in HIV-1 production upon mutagenesis of HIV-1 5'ss D2, HIV-1 structural, regulatory, and accessory protein ... addition of actinomycin D (normalized to cellular β-actin) is shown relative to the onset of the experiment The co-transfected pCMVβgal110 control was used to measure LacZ turnover, and the data...
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Báo cáo y học: " Induction of the HIV-1 Tat co-factor cyclin T1 during monocyte differentiation is required for the regulated expression of a large portion of cellular mRNAs" pptx
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 09:20
... the various lists were subjected to gene ontology (GO) content analysis[38] GO content analysis was performed by tabulating the list against the GO structure To perform the analysis, we calculated ... expression measures; 2) analysis of expression measures with a linear model to identify lists of differentially expressed genes; and 3) content analysis of the gene lists to distill biologically interpretable ... further analysis by real-time RTPCR assays: colony stimulating factor receptor (CSF1-R), oxidised low density lipoprotein (lectin-like) receptor (OLR1), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21)...
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Tài liệu In this lab, 2 ISDN routers are required. If ISDN routers are not available, review the lab to become familiar with the process. An Adtran Atlas550 ISDN emulator is used to simulate the switch/ISDN cloud. pdf
Ngày tải lên :
21/12/2013, 19:15
... Sydney(config)#dialer-list protocol ip permit Sydney(config)#interface dialer Sydney(config-if)#dialer-group Tokyo#configure terminal Tokyo(config)#dialer-list protocol ip permit Tokyo(config)#interface dialer Tokyo(config-if)#description ... phone number to use to contact this remote device must also be specified Use the following commands to this: Tokyo(config)#interface dialer Tokyo(config-if)#dialer remote-name Moscow Tokyo(config-if)#dialer ... fastethernet Tokyo(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 Tokyo(config-if)#no shutdown Tokyo(config-if)#exit Tokyo(config)#interface bri Tokyo(config-if)#isdn spid1 51055510000001 5551000 Tokyo(config-if)#isdn...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: The splicing factor ASF/SF2 is associated with TIA-1-related/ TIA-1-containing ribonucleoproteic complexes and contributes to post-transcriptional repression of gene expression doc
Ngày tải lên :
16/02/2014, 15:20
... SF2 is a genuine SG component (Fig 4B) To determine whether other cellular stresses led to the migration of ASF ⁄ SF2 into SGs, COS cells expressing HA-ASF ⁄ SF2 were exposed to cytoplasmic stresses ... determinants and mechanisms of the subcellular distribution of TIAR [5], as well as its capacity to assemble into cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs) [12,13] However, the molecular mechanism by which TIAR ... subcellular localization and migration to SGs Truncated and point-mutated forms of ASF ⁄ SF2 fused to the HA epitope were generated to determine the motifs mediating ASF ⁄ SF2 sub -cellular distribution...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Caspase-8- and JNK-dependent AP-1 activation is required for Fas ligand-induced IL-8 production ppt
Ngày tải lên :
07/03/2014, 09:20
... necrosis factor-related apoptosis -induced ligand (TRAIL) receptors signal the activation of NF-jB and JNK through distinct pathways [46], although whether or not caspase-8 is required for TRAIL -induced ... activities of FasL is to induce inflammation in vivo [15–18], and this inflammatory activity of FasL seems to play deleterious roles in inflammatory diseases [19–21] Consistent with its inflammatory activity, ... Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptors signal NF-kappaB and JNK activation and apoptosis through distinct pathways J Biol Chem 274, 30603–30610 47 Latinis KM & Koretzky...
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Báo cáo khoa học: The calcium-binding domain of the stress protein SEP53 is required for survival in response to deoxycholic acid-mediated injury pdf
Ngày tải lên :
23/03/2014, 10:21
... inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I (Bis-I), which inhibited DCA-dependent apoptosis (Fig 3I) The control inactive version of the inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide V (Bis-V) was unable to block the apoptosis ... The mechanism whereby SEP53 functions as a survival factor is not defined, but is consistent with the function of other unrelated stress proteins In order to begin to develop a mechanism to explain ... protein p53 is as a mediator of apoptosis in response to cellular stress and DNA damage [26] Because DCA can induce DNA damage [14], the role of p53 in mediating DCA-dependent apoptosis was investigated...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Activation of p21-activated kinase 1 is required for lysophosphatidic acid-induced focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation and cell motility in human melanoma A2058 cells potx
Ngày tải lên :
30/03/2014, 13:20
... M., Fickel, S & Reiser, C.O (2000) The platelet-derived-growth-factor receptor, not the epidermalgrowth-factor receptor, is used by lysophosphatidic acid to activate p42/44 mitogen-activated protein ... experiments FAK is required for LPA -induced cell motility FAK signaling is modulated by expression of an endogenous FAK inhibitor, FRNK, which is expressed as an independent protein and consists of the ... PAK1 is required for LPA -induced A2058 cell motility Discussion PAKs play an important role in a variety of cellular functions including cell morphogenesis, motility, survival, angiogenesis and...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Mitochondrial affinity for ADP is twofold lower in creatine kinase knock-out muscles Possible role in rescuing cellular energy homeostasis pptx
Ngày tải lên :
30/03/2014, 15:20
... 50ADP , mitochondria in MiM-CK-deficient skeletal muscle would have a seriously compromised dynamic range to respond to cytosolic ATPase load increments This is because the ATP ⁄ ADP free energy ... synthase flux matching cytosolic ATPase flux as well as to control the extramitochondrial ATP ⁄ ADP free energy potential [27] This is captured in Fig which shows respiratory flux of WT muscle as ... essential to restore one aspect of mitochondrial function, i.e ATP synthase flux, a second crucial aspect has to be maintained in addition, i.e control of the cytosolic ATP free energy potential This...
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Báo cáo y học: "Vpu serine 52 dependent counteraction of tetherin is required for HIV-1 replication in macrophages, but not in ex vivo human lymphoid tissue" docx
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 23:22
... Margolis LB, Zimmerberg J: Infection of human tonsil histocultures: a model for HIV pathogenesis Nat Med 1995, 1:1320-1322 Gondois-Rey F, Grivel JC, Biancotto A, Pion M, Vigne R, Margolis LB, ... might be due to low tetherin expression levels in the relevant HIV-1 tissue target cells Since it is difficult to isolate a sufficient number of CD4+ T-cells from these tissues to directly assess ... usage of the CCR5 co-receptor Thus, it is also tempting to speculate that viral co-receptor tropism, i.e the usage of CCR5 for viral entry segregates with the ability of Vpu to efficiently counteract...
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Báo cáo y học: " Incorporation of podoplanin into HIV released from HEK-293T cells, but not PBMC, is required for efficient binding to the attachment factor CLEC-2" ppsx
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 23:23
... possible that podoplanin expression is up-regulated during apoptosis However, apoptosis can also non-specifically change antibody reactivity of cells [59] To discern between these possibilities, ... statistical significance (Fig 7B), suggesting that viruses generated in PBMCs harbour a cellular factor which mediates binding to CLEC-2, but is different from podoplanin Discussion Several cellular ... documented to express podoplanin [37] and to be susceptible to HIV infection [35] However, the biological relevance of this process is questionable In this context, it also needs to be noted...
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Báo cáo y học: "Analysis of the contribution of cellular and viral RNA to the packaging of APOBEC3G into HIV-1 virions" docx
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 05:22
... most of the cellular RNAs seems to reflect their cellular abundance [28,32,33] One of the first cellular RNAs identified in murine and avian retroviruses is 7SL RNA [34-39] 7SL RNA is a critical ... with pcDNAApo3G-MycHis DNA Cells were harvested 24 h after transfection, washed with PBS and divided into two fractions: 30% of the transfected cells were used to isolate total cellular RNA as described ... intracellular RNA-protein interactions are not a predictor for subsequent targeting of the proteins into viral particles Discussion Figure SRP54 protein into HIV-1 particles 7SL RNA interaction is...
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Báo cáo y học: "Endogenous TGF-β activation by reactive oxygen species is key to Foxp3 induction in TCR-stimulated and HIV-1-infected human CD4+CD25- T cells" docx
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 05:22
... lead to ROS re-distribution into the cytosol to initiate cell death The late apoptotic and/or dead cells may release ROS into the cultures to activate latent TGF-β [34,35] Indeed, the apoptotic ... too late to affect HIV replication in the same cells (e.g anti-TGF-β inclusion) Consistent to this notion, it has been reported that SIVmac infection in macaques (MACs) is unable to respond to ... stimulation is to produce IL-2 that enables T cells to proliferate and differentiate into Th1 and/or Th2 cells to mount specific immunity [19] Afterwards, a suppressive factor, TGF-β, is produced/...
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Báo cáo y học: " The histone deacetylase Rpd3p is required for transient changes in genomic expression in response to stress" ppt
Ngày tải lên :
14/08/2014, 21:20
... directly to genes induced by stress and is required for normal binding of Msn2p to numerous promoters Together, this work implicates Rpd3L as an important co-factor in the ESR regulatory network ... deacetylates promoter-based histones to mediate gene induction This is consistent with results of De Nadal et al [32], who showed Rpd3-dependent histone deacetylation is required for polymerase recruitment ... that Pho23p is only partially required for the stress- dependent increase in nucleosome occupancy at this locus Together with results in Figure 2, this indicates that Rpd3L-dependent histone deacetylation...
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PURIFICATION OF SIMPL ANTIBODY AND IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE OF SIMPL SUB-CELLULAR LOCALIZATION IN RESPONSE TO TNFα- AND IL-1
Ngày tải lên :
24/08/2014, 12:43
... Factor α TNF-R1 Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-1 UV ultraviolet WT Wild type xi INTRODUCTION The goal of my thesis was to further the study of a transcriptional co-activator of the nuclear factor ... NF-κB through cytokine receptors is essential to the inflammatory response For example tissue factor, a protein secreted by the endothelial cells to aid in the clotting process is transcriptionally ... detectors of pathogenic insults through receptors which are constant from cell to cell within a tissue (Glaros et al 2009; Gordon 2007) PAMP receptors can include the family of toll-like receptors;...
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