— plain concrete in earthquake resisting structures

... Cracks in Concrete Structures 228.1R In- Place Methods for Determination of Strength of Concrete 437R Strength Evaluation of Existing Concrete Buildings 504R Guide to Sealing Joints in Concrete Structures ... CHAPTER 4-SAMPLING AND LABORATORY TESTING 4.1-Core drilling and testing Core drilling is presently the most accepted method of obtaining information on concrete within the structure in areas which ... assist in highlighting cracks for structural evaluation 3.2-Joint surveys Joints in massive structures should be examined to assure they are in good condition and functioning as designed Information...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2014, 17:26

... emptying of the lock during normal operation agitated those rocks, causing them to erode the concrete by grinding 3.4-Tunnel lining damage Fig 3.5-Abrasion erosion damage to stilling basin, Nolin ... detailing of the terminus of the stilling basin and the exit channel, so as to maximize flushing of the stilling basin and to minimize chances of debris from the exit channel entering the basin Maintain ... deposits Cracking, spalling, and rust stains from reinforcement 210R-17 c Inspecting gate slots, sills, and seals, including identification of offsets into the flow d Locating concrete erosion...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2014, 15:46

... system using a proprietary pipe-lining process This lining process is a method of installing a new solid lining in an existing pipeline in which pipe segments between manholes are relined in a single ... ,- I Stilling basin and outlet works Stilling basin Stilling basin Spillway apron and stilling basin Spillway piers, weirs, and stilling basin Stilling basin Stilling basin Stilling basin and outlet ... Stilling basin Stilling basin and outlet works Stilling basin Outlet works Stilling basin Stilling basin and conduit Spillway and outlet tunnels Outlet works Stilling basin Stilling basin and...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2014, 17:40

... access—Many concrete structures present access difficulties for programs combining visual inspection and intrusive testing Examples of such difficult inspection situations include: • Retaining ... intervening soil, and the lines linking signal arrival points on the graph will show a distinct discontinuity at the level of the foundation base Similarly, any significant discontinuity or inclusion ... However, when a thin overlay is placed on existing concrete, this effect has to be considered in interpreting the results Also, the presence of reinforcing steel within the influence zone will...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2014, 17:44

... teaching grammatical structures, there are several advantages of using dialogues in the classroom Firstly, the dialogue contextualizes new structures in meaningful units of experience Certain interrelated ... 40A2 17 Using dialogues in teaching grammatical structures to the 10th form students We have carried out a research design during the Teaching Training Course at Cửa Lò secondary school In this ... meaning 311 225 54% errors of form 39% errors of function 2 The state of using dialogues in teaching grammatical structures: Kiều Huyền Trâm - 40A2 21 Using dialogues in teaching grammatical structures...

Ngày tải lên: 27/12/2013, 20:26

... desk I’m bringing it up at the next staff meeting.” To begin identifying your potential internal hazards, begin by surveying your area This is as simple as walking around your business and neighborhood ... employees into teams that can provide aid during an emergency Conduct annual training and regular drills as they ingrain training principles and cause smoother, calmer reaction by employees during ... “We’re doing a great lunch business So I was thinking, what if there was an earthquake? If we have customers at—or under—every table, how my employees protect themselves? I’m bringing them all in to...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 19:20

... devices and show that the doping profiles can be controlled in devices with sub50 nm dimensions In principle, the method can be applied in local tuning of doping in arbitrary-shaped silicon devices ... exposing this to an oxidizing ambient we can obtain a selfaligned pnp structure We demonstrate the feasibility of this self-aligning method by fabricating so called self-switching devices [6] in ... source and the drain, which remain strongly p-type tuned, as demonstrated in Fig 1, while in the large leads the oxidation has a minor effect on the doping Thus, by fabricating a compensated...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 15:20

... Application: Simulating the flow of tasks in an operating system using a priority queue Focus: Determining execution times Application: Analyzing the execution times of sorting and searching routines Appendix ... (2,2) (3,3) Point List ADT Point List ADT Data Items Each data item in a point list is of type Point and contains a pair of floating-point numbers that represent the point’s x and y coordinates Structure ... Structure The points form a linear structure in which points follow one after the other, from the beginning of the list to its end The ordering of the points is determined by the order in which they...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 14:12

... and includes only capital losses—such as repairing or replacing buildings, contents, and inventory ($3.49 billion)—and income losses, including business interruption and wage and rental income ... reduce earthquake losses Sidebar 1.3 outlines potential benefits of earthquake engineering research Earthquake Research Centers Efforts in earthquake engineering research became increasingly more ... Fortunately, earthquake engineering, the branch of engineering devoted to mitigating earthquake hazards, has marked a trail of success for NEES to follow EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING SUCCESSES Earthquake engineering...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 13:20

... O, A, and B in (a) are indicated in the inserted figure (b) 30 Eb (MeV) 30 25 Eb (MeV) (a) impurity energy levels The binding energy of the acceptor in the QWW is larger than that in the QW because ... lifted, and the binding energy level splits into two branches Figure 9c shows that there are two binding energy levels when the cylindrical QD radius and height W equal nm The binding energy is ... model in the following calculation, i.e., V(r) = inside and V(r) = V0 outside of the nano -structures Figures and show the first five energy levels and binding energy levels of an impurity in a QW...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 18:20

... prediction stage in our case, we will start by analyzing the regular lifting stage consisting of a prediction followed by update stages In one-dimensional singleline processing, the regular lifting implementation ... systems and missing the pixel value interpolation in color filter arrays (CFAs) [23] The CFA interpolator in [23] estimates the missing pixel x[m, 2n] using its immediate 4-neighbors according to the ... efficiency is retained In this way, high-quality low-low images can be obtained It was observed that a halfband lowpass filter can be put into an isolated update lifting stage as in [3] In order to...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 22:20

... and S.Mindess Concrete in the Marine Environment P.K.Mehta Concrete in Hot Environments I.Soroka Durability of Concrete in Cold Climates M.Pigeon and R.Pleau (forthcoming) High Strength Concrete ... Cataloging -in- Publication data Soroka, I (Itzhak) Concrete in hot environments/I.Soroka p cm .—( Modern concrete technology series) Includes bibliographical references and indexes ISBN 419 15970 Concrete ... P.C.Aitcin (forthcoming) Copyright 1993 E & FN Spon Sidney Mindess Department of Civil Engineering University of British Columbia 2324 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia Canada V6T 1W5 Concrete in...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:22

... water, hydration takes place bringing about setting and subsequent hardening in a few hours If not allowed to dry, the resulting solid gains strength with time mainly during the first 7–10 days The ... heterogeneous material made up of several fine-grained minerals which are formed during the clinkering process Four minerals, namely Alite, Belite, Celite and a calcium-aluminate phase, make up some 90% of ... That is, in changing the cement composition, a variation in the C 3S content usually involves a corresponding variation in the opposite direction in the C2S content Similarly, a variation in the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:22

... The initial setting time determines the length of time in which cement mixes, including concrete, remain plastic and workable, and can be handled and used on the building site Accordingly, a minimum ... paste continues to gain strength with time, a process which is known as ‘hardening’ These stages of setting and hardening are schematically described in Fig 2.1 The initial and final setting times ... C191) In determining the setting times of concrete, in principle, essentially the same procedure is employed The penetration resistance is determined, however, on a mortar sieved from the concrete...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:22

... pozzolan, produced by intergrinding Portland cement clinker with the other materials, or by blending Portland cement with the other materials, or a combination of intergrinding and blending’ (ACI Committee ... prohibited altogether, in reinforced concrete The effect of pozzolans and of other admixtures on possible corrosion of the reinforcing steel in concrete is discussed in some detail in Chapter 10 At ... Temperature rise measured in mass concrete Control mix contained 400 kg/m3 ordinary Portland cement (OPC) In the fly-ash concrete 30% of the OPC was replaced by fly-ash and in the slag concrete 75% of...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:22

... result in somewhat longer times and retempering in the longest ones 4.4.1 Increasing Initial Slump The most obvious and convenient way to increase initial slump is by increasing the amount of mixing ... for retempering of both plain or superplasticised concrete, i.e for retempering of concrete in which no Superplasticisers were added initially as well as for retempering of concrete in which Superplasticisers ... self-evident Insulating water supply lines and tanks, shading of materials and concrete- making facilities from direct sunshine, and sprinkling the aggregates with clean uncontaminated water,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:22

... and and 6) This increased shrinkage is attributable to the grinding effect of the mixing operation which, on prolonged mixing, increases the fines content in the concrete mix Finally, the data ... restraint of shrinkage induces tensile stresses in the concrete which cracks, if and when its tensile strength is lower than the induced tensile stresses Stage IV Concrete is set and drying shrinkage ... attributable to its delaying effect on the setting of the fresh concrete Hence, the length of time in which plastic shrinkage takes place is longer in fly-ash concrete than in its ordinary counterpart...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:22

... however, is toward increasing prefabrication, assembly in large units, erection by mechanical means, and continuing reuse of forms These developments are in keeping with the increasing mechanization ... stripping and cleaning, setting of reinforcement, and other wall maintenance in preparation for the next pour A 30 in (762 mm) wide working platform also allows removal of the jump shoe and patching, ... no or minimum inside bracing is needed, thus eliminating interference with interior shoring 184 6.4.4 Chapter Limitations of Jump Form Accessibility The site must be fairly accessible, since the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:22

... been suggested to explain shrinkage (see section 7.3), it is evident that shrinkage is expected to increase with the increase in the intensity of drying, i.e with the increase in the amount of water ... opposing effect of the corresponding increase in the modulus of elasticity Joints should be provided in concrete members in order to reduce the restraining effect of the structure on shrinkage ... drying of the concrete takes place Moreover, in engineering applications shrinkage is restrained due to friction or rigid connections to adjacent concrete members The restraining effect induces tensile...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:22

... load, shrinkage occurs simultaneously Accordingly, creep is the increase in deformation with time under a sustained load excluding drying shrinkage This is demonstrated in Fig 8.1 for a concrete ... not indicated by the data of Fig 8.13 implying, in turn, that some other mechanisms may be involved 8.4.2.4 Mineral Admixtures In discussing the effect of mineral admixtures on drying shrinkage ... paste Creep increases with the increase in the intensity of drying conditions, i.e with an increase in temperature and wind velocity and a decrease in relative humidity Creep is also increased...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:22