— development of headed and mechanically anchored deformed bars in tension

... cb, in = minimum value of csi + 0.25 in or cso, in = one-half of average spacing between bars or splices in a single layer, in = side cover of reinforcing bars, in = relative rib factor as defined ... the reinforcement being developed, in. 2 = cmin + 0.5 db , in = cover of reinforcement being developed, measured to tension face of member, in = maximum value of cs or cb , in = minimum value of ... 4.0 Development of high relative rib area reinforcing bars in tension 4.1 Development length ld, in terms of diameter db for bars in tension shall be determined from 4.2, but ld shall not be less than 12 in...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2014, 22:00

... continuous deformation of a CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION cantilever beam and profiling of an object with height steps Furthermore, in the temporal domain, detection and compensation of phase-shifting ... series of holograms and analyze a dynamic procedure, especially for a detailed derivation of the extraction of instantaneous frequency and profiling of a discontinuous object Another issue also in ... discussed and general information in digital holography is also included The research work in this thesis may contribute to a better understanding of digital holographic principles, and may also...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:57

... shows a deformed fringe pattern, and Fig 2.17(b) shows the logarithm of modulus of 2D Fourier transform of the fringe pattern in Fig 2.17(a) As indicated in Fig 2.17(b), a processing inside the ... conventional recording medium of photographic film, and the numerical recording in digital holography brings in many new topics into the realm of research However, basic principles of holographic ... a recording medium The object and reference waves combine in front of the recording medium by a beam splitter cube, and interfere on the surface of the recording medium The recorded interference...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:57

... continuously deformed object and profiling of an object with height steps, and the results are presented in Chapter 3.2.2 Detection and compensation of phase-shifting error As mentioned in Chapter ... filtering algorithm, and the meaning of j in Eq (3.17) is different from that in Eq (2.5) (in Chapter 2) Similarly, the shift in the other directions [such as η ' direction indicated in Fig 2.12 and ... achieved during the determination of curvature and twist Figure 3.4 shows a flow chart for the determination of curvature and twist of a deformed object using the proposed method in digital holography...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:57

... thickness t of the plate at the center is 1.5 mm, and the diameter D of the plate is 50 mm In the experiment, the point loading is small in order to avoid a pattern recording with too dense fringes ... in digital holography, and Fig 4.10 shows a top view of the specimen and an area of interest (inside the black box) The concrete dimension is discussed in Section 5.2.2 Figure 4.10 Top view of ... holograms in phase-shifting digital holography is shown in Fig 4.11 A linearly polarized laser beam (the wavelength of 635 nm) is collimated by using a spatial filter and a lens, and is then divided into...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:57

... determined using the combination of complex phasor method and short-time Fourier transform Figure 5.18(d) shows window size variations along the 20th and 40th rows in the area of interest using ... reconstructed image (Schnars and Jueptner, 2005) In this study, only an area of interest with the minimum shading is cropped (indicated in Fig 4.10), and one of the twin images is selected before ... accurate in the fringe density estimation The errors existing in the estimated fringe-density distributions may be due to the following factors: (1) The estimation of fringe density is not in the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:57

... feasible and effective in extending the depth of focus Since only one single digital hologram at each instant is required, the proposed technique could also find applications in the measurement of ... jumps of the filtered wrapped phase map In many cases, a priori knowledge on fringe density distributions is useful in the selection or development of filtering algorithms and phase unwrapping ... detection step of the proposed algorithm plays an important role in the search of the phase-shifting error, and the proposed method can accurately detect the phase-shifting errors in phase-shifting digital...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:57

... = cmin[0.1(cmax/cmin) + 0.9] ≤ 1.25cmin , and cmax and cmin are defined following Eq (2-1) BOND AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRAIGHT REINFORCING BARS IN TENSION Using a reliability-based factor φ of 0.9 ... REINFORCING BARS IN TENSION 3.3—Zuo and Darwin Zuo and Darwin (1998, 2000) expanded the work of Darwin et al (1996a) by increasing the database and adding substantially to the percentage of test ... an increase in compressive strength (Azizinamini et al 1993; Azizinamini, Chisala, and Ghosh 1995; and Zuo and Darwin 1998, 2000; Hamad and Itani 1998) Azizinamini et al (1993) and Azizinamini,...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2014, 17:25

... explanation of our findings on the basis of an entrainment theory of life span development of timing and event tracking Figure provides a conceptual summary of our findings in terms of the two proposed ... strong influence of the pacing sequence, the periods produced during continuation tapping reflect both a persisting influence of a latent P0 on average tapping rates and inherent constraints on ... findings in life span research are meaningfully recast in light of the two entrainment hypotheses offered here if we distinguish between types of response time measures and different kinds of...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 18:20

... tactics including an understanding of the biology and behaviour of arthropods (parasitoids, predators and spiders), detailed monitoring of life history and population dynamics of pests and natural ... populations of T grandis Adult females of T grandis usually produce the majority of offspring in the first few days after emergence Proportion of male offspring produced by T grandis in the early ... biting insects;on smaller scales, plant ex tracts (tobacco, rotenone) were used against sucking insects; and carbolines or mineral oils were usedfor thewinter spraying of fruit trees Close to and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 23:20

... by saying: "The levying and the recovery of interest have been two of the most vital functions of banking in India from very early ages" (Ibid.:668) 2.4 Banking in Greece According to Orsingher ... passing from one hand to another During the 1st and nd centuries AD, Egypt attained the highest stages of development in the art of banking and was rich and prosperous (Homoud, 1985:18) But in ... caravan and maritime routes to transport commodities between India and Persia Following a boost in trade and use of bank notes and coins in trade during the Parthian and Sassanian eras, exchange of...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 21:20

... adventition— Incapacity of material — — form { Modification form— of — To retain form {Incapacity of the artisan Changes in method of manufacture Changes in environment { Changes of use Lack of use ... 470.—Form originating in basketry Fig 471.—Form originating in basketry Fig 472.—Form originating in basketry Basketry and other classes of woven vessels take a great variety of forms and, being ... utensils Functional — {Legs or objects — — Bands Perforation Suggestions of features of artificial Origin of {utensils or objects — s, etc Constructional The coil — — ornament— The seam The stitch...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 20:20

... Information Ministry of Trade Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Ministry of Finance Ministry of Planning and Investment Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment Ministry of Foreign Affairs ... and international marketing and for business development Electronic information agencies are developing and are having an increasing influence on society Over 50% of ministries and branches and ... Namese and foreign businesses in gaining more market knowledge and understanding of legal and regulatory frameworks and business practices in each country and to seek trading partners and opportunities...

Ngày tải lên: 23/07/2014, 16:29

... structure and development of forest stands in national parks of Krkonoše Mts describes the stand of forest ecosystems before during and after the air pollution and subsequent ecological calamity including ... stands) and spruce stands, relict pine woods and stands in the ecotone of the upper forest limit in different site, stand, air-pollution and ecological conditions were examined The main attention ... predictions in year steps were conduced In selected stands with the absence of silver fir (PRP 6 and 28) virtual underplanting of this species was done and prediction of development after 25 and 50...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 10:21

... smaller number of crop (selected) trees in the first thinning and thinning intensities, taking account of economical factors [46, 51] In Slovenia, selective thinning is the main type of thinning [34] ... of removed trees and of remaining trees; the more the thinning interferes in the middle and upper storey, the higher is qD In the T1 thinning subplot, a stronger intensity was carried out; in ... each within the thinned (T1 and T2) and the control stands (C1 and C2) in July 1994 All plant species 50 A Boncina et al Figure Development of stand basal area of the thinned (T1 and T2) and control...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 16:20

... stand age, At is the stand age at the time of thinning (A > At ), and r is the rate parameter corresponding to thinning response In order to account for the thinning response in the beginning, ... sites of different productivities using a thinning intensity of 50% basal area removed and a thinning age of 11 years quality After the crossover between heights in thinned and unthinned stands, ... heights in thinned and unthinned stands This may be because the duration of time of the stand development they observed following thinning was not long enough to exhibit the full effect of the thinning...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 00:22

... divide in May in MDF and DDF Whereas, in DDF the cessation of cell divisions and differentiation of xylem and phloem in December coincides with leaf yellowing in October-November In MDF and SF ... flush of flowering in SeptemberOctober followed by fruit setting is noticed in SF In DDF, periclinal divisions in the cambial zone initiate in January with the sprouting of new leaves in December ... Leaf yellowing, sprouting of new leaves, initiation of defoliation ± 1.93 New leaves, development of floral bud ± 1.95 Yellowing of leaves, initiation of defoliation FEB Sprouting of new leaves,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:20

... differentially influence postnatal maturation of serotonin (5-HT) innervation in cerebral cortex of gerbils: interaction of rearing conditions and early methamphetamine challenge Brain Res Dev Brain Res ... Heiligenstein JH, Morin SM, Gehlert DR, Perry KW: Atomoxetine increases extracellular levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in prefrontal cortex of rat: a potential mechanism for efficacy in attention ... interesting to investigate the effect of MP during environmental enrichment without the additional handling, however, due to the group housing and irregular drinking habits of gerbils administration...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 07:20

... text books and encyclopedias relevant to the subject, and in the following journals, including supplements and abstract bands: Clinics in Perinatology, vol 21–30 (1994–2003); Der Kinderarzt vol ... The orofacial region plays an important role in the infant's development in general: the mouth has been described as the 'cockpit of the awareness of the term infant and of its most discriminate ... structures As a result of the smoothing of the palatal vault and continued growth of the alveolar ridge, the lateral palatine ridges are less prominent in the normal full-term infant than in earlier stages.'...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 23:22

... coordination of breathing and swallowing This normality of oral functions, including nose breathing, induces adequate development of the whole orofacial region During the time period from initiation ... publications Palates of non-intubated PT infants Grooving with humping-up of the lateral palatal margins seen in infants following orotracheal intubation was not observed in any non-intubated infant [37] ... Palatal morphology and palatal plates * Influence of diet on the development of the palatal dimension * Influence of feeding mode on the development of the palatal dimension * Influence of cranial form...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 23:22