α9 α10 and β2 but not α7

... (A and B) and NK2 (C and D) receptors Human bronchi were pre-treated with SR 48968 (10-7 M) (A and B) or SR 140333 (10-7 M) (C and D) before cumulative or non cumulative additions of hHK-1 (B and ... through NK1- and NK2 receptors However, it can also be suggested that [Sar9,Met(O2)11] SP and SP on the one hand, and hHK-1 on the other hand, may bind to different sites of the NK1 receptor and interact ... gland, spermatozoa and blood circulating cells and a weaker expression in whole lung, kidney, testis and liver [4,6,39,47] In contrast to TAC4, we have shown that TAC1, which encodes for SP and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 11:22

... and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38MAPK) ERK1/2 are activated mainly by growth factors and are critically involved in the regulation of mitogenesis [28,29] On the other hand, JNK and ... treatment Although Py treatment alone, but not Zn treatment, enhanced intracellular Cu levels, Py did not induce apoptosis, indicating that the enhanced level of Cu is not sufficient to induce apoptosis ... at a low concentration but not a high concentration Next, we investigated the involvement of intracellular Zn levels in the induction of apoptosis by cotreatment of lM Py and 25 lM Zn (Py/Zn treatment)...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 21:20

... bands were performed using Un-Scan-It software Each band was scanned five times, and the mean band intensity (pixels per band) was obtained Data were normalized to suitable loading controls and ... for 45 minutes, and then the phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and ERK was determined by western blot analysis (b) Band images were digitally captured and the band intensities (pixels/band) were obtained ... control (EMD Chemicals) was also used Band images were digitally captured and the band intensities (pixels/band) were obtained using the Un-Scan-It software and are expressed in arbitrary optical...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:20

... much lower than that observed in avian H5N1 and H9N2 Interestingly, the TGF-b2 mRNA was found to be up-regulated for H1N1/2002 and H9N2/1997, but not for H5N1/2004 (Figure 2, Table 2) Cytokine/chemokine ... Authors’ contributions ACMY performed RT-PCR assays, flow-cytometry assays and IMTC participated in virus culture and virus isolation WYL was responsible for experimental design, analyses and drafting ... on macrophages and monocytes infected in vitro or in vivo [35-37] The mechanism concerning bronchial infiltration of inflammatory cells, particularly lymphocytes and eosinophils, and the subsequent...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:20

... profile and Reynolds number affected the particle deposition The increase in deposition was significantly noticeable with large branching angles such as 60 and 90 degrees and they attributed this ... a wide variation of branching angle and pattern But we should take note that both Kim and Balashazy varied the branching angles of both the daughter tubes and in our studies, we varied only the ... vectors and contours at g4-1-2 for C3 at (a) Re = A6 514, (b) Re = 1070, and (c) Re = 2194 viii Fig A.7: Velocity vectors and contours at g4-2-1 for C1 at (a) Re = A7 514, (b) Re = 1070, and (c)...

Ngày tải lên: 26/09/2015, 11:07

... analysis of audio and video and arbitrary view and sound synthesis to encoding of 3D audio and video Understanding of real-time implementation issues, as well as system architectures and network aspects ... frequently used for audio, image and video storage and transmission International coding standards such as ITU, MPEG-2/4 and MP3 are discussed in this context The most recent standardization activity relevant ... is not worn on the head but mounted onto a flexible swivel arm construction so that it can be freely moved in space Because a BOOM is externally supported and not worn on the head, heavier and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/05/2013, 10:21

... correlation between the L-arginine transport systems y+L and y+ and NO formation The effects of N-ethylmaleimide and L-leucine on L-arginine uptake and on NOx formation were closely correlated (y ¼ ... system b+ [16] but this component accounts for 5–7% of the total arginine influx Thus its contribution to arginine influx seems to be minor To clarify the actual contributions of system y+ and y+L to ... 18 lM while Vmax did not change In agreement with previous data [16], L-arginine uptake was also competitively inhibited by L-glutamine, L-methionine and L-lysine (data not shown) It was clearly...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:20

... propeptides, and N-glycosylation of cathepsin E in its processing, maturation, and trafficking must be of particular importance In this study, to understand the molecular basis of the processing and intracellular ... only the 46-kDa form, indicating that the 46-kDa and 42-kDa bands are pro-cathepsin E and mature cathepsin E, respectively To follow the biosynthesis and processing of wildtype cathepsin E, the transfected ... Recombinant cathepsin E and its mutants T Tsukuba et al was low compared with wild-type-cathepsin E and other mutant proteins It was found in the Bip-positive ER compartment, but not in LAMP-1-positive...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 14:20

... original and repeat correction utterances, for both correction types We used a set of 38 attributes: 18 based on duration and pause measures, on amplitude, five on pitch height and range, and 13 ... al., 1996) and (Swerts and Ostendorf, OK: recognition correct; action correct Error Minor: recognition not exact; action correct 1995), also found significant effects of duration, and in Oviatt ... indicate substantial differences not only between original inputs and repeat corrections, but also between the two correction classes, those in response to rejections and those in response to misrecognitions...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 07:20

... direction and are relatively close The Oe1 and Oe2 atoms of Glu20 are 3.726 ˚ and 1.983 A, respectively, from the imine He proton and ˚ 3.644 and 5.121 A from the proximal guanidyl Hg11 and Hg12 ... methylene and methyl hydrogens that were not stereospecifically assigned [32] a-Aminoisobutyrilo (Aib) residue is derived from a valine where the Ca of the Aib corresponds to valine Ca and Cb1/Cb2 ... helical and b-sheet conformation [28] and they exhibited a smaller deviation from a-helical rather than b-strand values (see Fig 2C) Tertiary structure An overall evaluation of NOE, 3JHNHa and Ha...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... and naringenin but not quercetin and fisetin in a 6-OHDA model of Parkinson’s disease Free Radic Res 39, 1119–1125 44 Weber WM, Hunsaker LA, Gonzales AM, Heynekamp JJ, Orlando RA, Deck LM & Vander-Jagt ... general, and in aging populations in particular Materials and methods Reagents and chemicals Dulbecco’s phosphate buffer solution, Fura-2-AM fluorophore and all other cell culture media and supplements ... synthase (nNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and excess generation of nitric oxide (NO•) [8] NO• is a potent vasodilator and an important neurotransmitter that is not considered...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 21:20

... membrane vesicles shown in Fig The maximum uptake rates, Umax1 and Umax2, the dissociation constants, Kd1 and Kd2, and the Hill coefficients, n1 and n2 are defined as indicated in Eqn (1) The data were ... erythrocyte membrane vesicles The maximum uptake rates, Umax1 and Umax2, the dissociation constants, Kd1 and Kd2, and the Hill coefficients, n1 and n2 are as defined in Eqn (1) The data were collected ... receptor antagonist, which has been shown to inhibit transport by MRP1 [36,37], MRP2 and MRP3 [38] and MRP4- [39] but not MRP5-mediated cGMP transport [9] completely inhibited the [3H]cGMP uptake in...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 21:20

... kinase that is not dependent on ERK1 ⁄ or CDK activity, but is sensitive to roscovitine and purvalanol A DYRK1 has been reported to be inhibited by roscovitine and purvalanol A, but not by alsterpaullone ... DYRK1A(K188R) Both wild-type and K188R mutant FLAG–DYRK1A were able to precipitate caspase 9, indicating caspase and DYRK1A indeed associate in cells, but DYRK1A kinase activity is not required Furthermore, ... speckles were not removed by siRNA-mediated depletion of endogenous caspase (Fig S1); therefore the speckles are not likely to correspond to phosphorylated caspase and probably originate from another...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 02:20

... any flights x [ Table 1: Examples of Notation if they occur immediately before the site of a repair NOTATION DISTRIBUTION In order to classify these repairs, and to facilitate communication among ... M1 [XM1 repair not only from false positives, but also from other possible repairs having this pattern, i.e., M1RI[M1R1 and R1MI[R1M1 In a preliminary study of the cue words "no" and "well," we ... Pulman, S., and A Smith (1988) Research Programme In Natural Language Processing: July 1988 Annual Report, SRI International Tech Note, Cambridge, England Bear, J., Dowding, J., Price, P., and E E...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 06:20

... ATP in growth factor stimulated and not stimulated cells was calculated and compared for different periods before and after intervention Stem-Kine mobilizes CD34 and CD133 Cells Statistics Differences ... interpreted data and conceptualized manuscript RH, JAK, JK, KWA, CAS, BM, ANP, MPM, LS, FR, and TEI provided detailed ideas and discussions, and/ or writing of the manuscript NAM and JAJ performed ... supplementation (day 0) and at days 1, 2, 7, and 14 Study participants were required to ingest two capsules of Stem-Kine in the morning and two in the evening for 14 days Phenotypic assessment of circulating...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... extraction and CTL assays All the animals were housed and handled in accordance with the European guidelines no 86/609/CEE and 116/92 for the protection of laboratory experimental animals and laboratory ... cells as targets and fresh PBMCs or expanded Ag-specific CTLs as effector cells CTLs were induced in all of the rabbits, but the ex-vivo cytolytic activity specific for E6 and E7 did not increase ... 10% FCS, and P/S Rabbit skin fibroblasts were obtained with a 3-mm biopsy punch and immortalised with SV40 [40]; these were first grown in DMEM supplemented with 10% CS, 5% FCS, and P/S, and then...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... proliferation (lymphocyte proliferation) and genotoxicity (sister chromatid exchange) We studied the toxic effect on immune cell proliferation by MTT assay and genotoxicity (cytogenetic level) by Sister ... occur preferentially in Q-negative bands or at the junction of Q-positive and Q-negative regions [10] The toxic effects of borax to immune cell proliferation and genotoxicity in human were studied ... Medicine and Toxicology 2009, 4:27 http://www.occup-med.com/content/4/1/27 (PBS) were added to each well and incubated for hours at 37°C The medium was removed and formazan was dissolved in DMSO and...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... [59,60] and that HCV assembly and maturation occurs in the ER and post-ER compartments [61] Hence, the observations that NS4B and NS5A proteins are associated with the membranous web and that ... VT7-HCV7.9 in the presence or absence of IPTG, and at 16 h p.i, infected and uninfected cells were collected and ultrathin sections visualized by EM at low and high magnification While in cells infected ... EDS in membranous webs (Fig 3C and 3E), formation of large vacuoles (Fig 3C and 3D), and also identified "virus like-particles" structures surrounded by membranes and dispersed in several areas...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... glycerol, and 0.01% (w/v) bromophenol blue), a recombinant MMP-9 standard (1 µl) (Oncogene, Nottingham, UK), bovine-fibroblast-conditioned medium (5 µl) known to contain MMP-2 activity, and protein ... 24 hours and media were analysed for MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity by gelatin substrate zymography The presence of MMP-2 (Fig 1a) and of MMP-9 (Fig 1b) was confirmed by comparisons with standards known ... treatment with TNF-α and C2-ceramide in the presence and absence of 2-AP was determined by papain digestion and DMMB assay (Fig 5) Interestingly, over this period, both TNF-α and C2-ceramide treatment...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23

... cartilage to restore homeostasis, but it remained inefficacious IGF-1 receptors were present and functional in chondrocytes from OA cartilage and thus were not responsible for the inability of ... between IGF and IGFBP [32] was used as a potential tool to restore the anabolic response of OA chondrocytes to IGF-1 R394 Materials and methods Cells and tissues Cartilage fragments and chondrocytes ... Bhakta and coworkers [37] Explants were dissected out from a visually homogeneous OA cartilage area Cartilage explants were minced to less than mm3 and were divided equally and distributed in...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23