® defined etiologies of increased dna fragmentation

... fragmentation, which is one of the most typical characteristics of apoptosis Regulators of DNA fragmentation One of the terminal processes of apoptosis is DNA degradation During apoptosis, DNA breakage usually ... caspases in DNA fragmentation I Kitazumi and M Tsukahara directly involved in the change in active form of caspases and DNA fragmentation- induced factors [5,11] The induction of DNA fragmentation ... not affect the extent of cell death [26], suggesting that ICAD could be involved in the induction of DNA fragmentation, but is not involved in the execution phase of DNA fragmentation ICAD exists...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 22:20

... presence of H pylori at bacterium/cell ratio of 300:1 for hours Determination of cell viability and DNA fragmentation AGS cells were cultured in the presence of H pylori at a bacterium/cell ratio of ... augmented by treatment of SBTI concentration-dependently H pylori-induced DNA fragmentations increased by treatment of 0.5 μM of SBTI (Figure 4B) These results suggest that inhibition of trypsin activity, ... in the absence or the presence of H pylori at a bacterium/cells ratio of 300:1 for 24 hours DNA fragmentation was determined by the amount of oligonucleosomebound DNA in the cell lysates The relative...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... are suggestive of DNA damage as a cause of NS1-induced apoptosis ATM principally binds to free DNA ends or DNA strand breaks (43), while ATR recognizes single-stranded regions of DNA common to ... cellular DNA, and that this damage leads to apoptosis Upon detection of DNA damage, DNA damage response proteins inhibit the cell cycle and are capable of inducing apoptosis if the DNA lesion ... with 5-aminoisoquinolinone The importance of DNA damage to NS1-induced apoptosis is shown by the abrogation of apoptosis in 93 the presence of inhibitors of DNA damage recognition enzymes Both the...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:18

... reagent might also be useful in investigating the rate of turnover of mtDNA and in the derivation of mtDNA-free (q°) clones of the large number of cell lines where the classical treatment with ethidium ... addition of a TPP-moiety has been used to drive the selective uptake of a wide variety of Ó FEBS 2003 Fig Selective uptake of mitoDC-81 by mitochondria and subsequent alkylation of mtDNA The uptake of ... electrotransfer showed that the extent of alkylation was proportional to the amount of DNA present and was independent of the size of the DNA fragment (Fig 3A, lane 1) As mtDNA in vivo is negatively supercoiled...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 11:20

... phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol (25 : 24 : 1) extraction followed by addition of lL of 5-M NaCl and precipitation of DNA using mL of cold ethanol After centrifugation at 13 800 g for 30 min, the DNA ... inhibition of DNA alkylation, S23906-1 (50 lM) was first incubated with an excess of GSH or derivatives (400 lM) in 20 lL of ammonium acetate for h at 37 °C prior to the addition of the radiolabeled DNA ... further of mild agitation, and finally 200 lL of 0.1 M EDTA, pH 7.5, was added and the mixture incubated for h at 37 °C After addition of 80 lL of M NaCl, the DNA was extracted using mL of phenol/chloroform/isoamyl...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 11:20

... PolC and DnaE The ability to bind single-stranded DNA has indeed been demonstrated for the E coli DnaE OB domain [12,16] The very N-terminal region of PolC and the C-terminal domain of DnaE appear ... probability of 16%) The structures of PolIIIs-V and DnaA-I adopt a variant of the so-called type II KH fold [21] One of their major differences from classical type II KH domains is the absence of the ... higher similarity to domain I of the initiator of chromosomal replication DnaA (DnaA-I) 3114 What might the function of these PolC N-terminal domains be? The involvement of related structures in protein–protein...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20

... represents an important step in assembly of the holoenzyme Results In vitro import and assembly of nDNA-encoded complex IV subunits The assembly of a number of nDNA-encoded complex IV subunits was ... assembly that involve formation of the catalytic core consisting of the mtDNA-encoded subunits CO1, CO2 and CO3 Thus details of the latter stages in which the majority of nDNA-encoded subunits that ... these differences is that further analysis of the biogenesis of the mammalian enzyme is required Assembly of nDNA-encoded complex IV subunits Of the five nDNA-encoded subunits investigated in this...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 00:20

... representation of the relative densities of the free DNA measured at increasing concentrations of HbpR The percentage of free DNA was calculated from densitometric measurements of the radiolabeled ... resuspended in Mops medium [5.5 gÆL)1 of Mops free acid, 5.1 gÆL)1 of Mops sodium salt, 0.5 gÆL)1 of NaCl, gÆL)1 of NH4Cl, 0.06 gÆL)1 of Na2HPO4Æ2H2O, 0.05 gÆL)1 of KH2PO4, mm MgSO4, 0.1 mm CaCl2, ... 7, like mutant 5, was impaired in binding of the R13 region Both of these patterns contributed to the loss of binding contacts of mutant 72 Construction of a DA HbpR derivative In order to study...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 17:20

... D melanogaster v-Jun of Homo sapiens dUTPase of Homo sapiens H2B of Saccharomyces cerevisiae c-Myc of Homo sapiens dUTPase of D melanogaster c-Myc of Xenopus laevis RanBP3 of Homo sapiens Bipartite ... physiological isoforms of the enzyme were identified, with apparent molecular masses of 69 and 63 kDa for the native homotrimers (termed long isoform, LD-DUT, and the N-terminally truncated short isoform, ... detection of cellular compartments Results and Discussion Subcellular targeting of UDE Nuclear targeting of UDE may be critical for performance of the suggested degradation function on genomic DNA...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 11:20

... perturbation of the DNA- binding interface showed that, in the case of HPV-16, most of the binding energy comes from a ‘direct readout’ recognition mode [22] In fact, recognition of DNA by proteins, ... the presence of Lys349 in the loop connecting helix a2 and strand b4 This residue may have a role in DNA binding, as a single mutation of Lys349 to alanine weakens the DNA binding of the HPV-16 ... in the DNA recognition kinetics and in the stability of the complex [22], suggesting that there is an involvement of this loop in HPV-16 E2 DNA recognition Another interesting aspect of HPV-16...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 10:20

... statistics of the homonym sets in each of the five dictionaries are given in Table and Figure (Note the 10 to TABLE NUMBER OF HOMONYM SETS IN FIVE DICTIONARIES TOTAL NUMBER OF SETS NUMBER OF WORDS ... Knott3) and the algorithmic derivation of the phonetic representations A blank line separates the homonym sets 19 Discussion of Results The number of sets and number of total words involved in homonym ... ACD Statistical results of homonyms among double standard words are given in Table TABLE NUMBER OF HOMONYM SETS AMONG DOUBLE STANDARD WORDS TOTAL NUMBER OF SETS NUMBER OF WORDS ...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 19:20

... and DNA fragmentation, which are characteristic of apoptosis OA induced DNA fragmentation both with and without caspase-3, indicating that caspase-3 is not essential for the induction of DNA fragmentation ... Caspase-activated DNase ⁄ DNA fragmentation factor 40 mediates apoptotic DNA fragmentation in transient cerebral ischemia and in neuronal cultures J Neurosci 21, 4678–4690 Involvement of caspase-3 in DNA fragmentation ... even though DNA fragmentation was inhibited in caspase inhibitor-treated caspase-3) ⁄ ) cells (Fig S2) If caspase-7 is involved in DNA fragmentation, it Involvement of caspase-3 in DNA fragmentation...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 21:20

... failure of the primer 2 DNA template hybrid primer extension reaction was due to the effects of the hairpin structure on the process of primer annealing to the DNA template Analysis of secondary ... buffer (10·) containing mM of each dNTP, 10 mM ATP, 100 mM Tris/ Cl (pH 8.0), 50 mM MgCl2, 20 mM dithiothreitol, one unit of T4 DNA polymerase and three units of T4 DNA ligase, and incubating ... conditions of the DNA polymerase-catalysed primer extension reactions Under the same conditions, if the primer 1 DNA template hybrid appeared to be extended by DNA polymerase while the primer 2–DNA...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... EDITSEQUENCE programs (DNASTAR Inc.) Comparison of amino-acid sequences of M.MspI (P11408) with those of topoisomerases (Fig 1A) and DNA ligases (Fig 1B) revealed a region of similarity; better ... 399–458 of human topoisomerase I; P11387 [29]; Fig 1A), whereas the C-terminal portion of M.MspI (245–418) has sequence similarity to the active site of DNA ligases (region 543–584 of human DNA ligase ... sequence 32–98 of M.MspI was found to have similarity to a region of the topoisomerases, and the sequence 245–287 had similarity to members of the DNA ligase family The N-terminal portion of M.MspI...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 00:21

... temperature to reduce its DNAbinding function (Fig 3J, lanes and versus lane 1) In the absence of ATP, a titration of wild-type MDM2 destabilized the DNA- binding function of E2F1 (Fig 3B, lanes ... presence of E2F1 antibody KH95 (200 ng, lane 3), and DNA- binding reactions were analysed using native gel electrophoresis (B) Analysis of E2F1 DNA binding using increasing concentrations of wild-type ... and 6) in the absence of ATP, and DNA- binding reactions were analysed using native gel electrophoresis (D) Analysis of E2F1 DNA binding using increasing concentrations of wild-type MDM2 and ATP...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 00:21

... overexpression of human PRDX5 in mitochondria of Chinese hamster cells decreases formation of 8-oxoG in mitochondrial DNA [20], but the role of this protein in protecting nuclear DNA from oxidation ... the amount of PRDX5 protein (Fig 3B) This indi- Transcription of noncoding DNA B A C D E Fig Modulation of NRF2 and PRDX5 expression (A,B) Results of introduction into A549 cells of NRF2 siRNA ... inhibition of PRDX5 by CSE can be explained by a CSE-induced decrease in NRF2 (Fig 3C,D) Role of PRDX5 in suppression of DNA oxidation (formation of 8-oxoG) To study the potential significance of PRDX5...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 11:20

... Gabibov et al DNA topoisomerization studied by FLD A B Fig Mechanisms of action of enzymes of DNA topoisomerization (A) Topoisomerase I-3¢ (B) Topoisomerase II Two possible ways of action of topoisomerase ... Comparison of the kinetics of inhibition of reaction of lg of pUC19 DNA with lg of topoisomerase II by etoposide and AMPPNP (A) lM (curve 1), lM (2), 10 lM (3), 25 lM (4), 50 lM (5) of etoposide; (B) ... shape parameters of DNA, i.e their writhe or twist The use of a length-independent parameter, the parameter reflecting DNA topoisomerization studied by FLD a local alteration of DNA geometry, seems...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 11:20

... effect of SQMG(C14:1) was stronger than that of a mixture of SQG and MA (Fig 3B) An excessive amount of SQG or MA (i.e I P ẳ 10) did not inhibit the ssDNA binding activity of the 8-kDa domain of ... shift of K35 was greatly changed by addition of SQG Thus, the sulfonyl moiety of SQMG may form a salt bridge to the amino moiety of the sidechain of K35 The hydroxyl moieties of the sugar of SQMG ... concentration of inhibitor were determined as percentages of this value One unit of each DNA polymerase activity was dened as the amount of enzyme that catalyzes the incorporation of nmol of deoxyribonucleotide...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 20:20

... success of this approach for elimination of contaminating amplicon DNA depends on the availability of a heat-labile UNG enzyme, the heat-inactivation of which prevents cleavage of product DNA amplified ... stability of DNA under a variety of environmental conditions could potentially lead to false positive results weeks or months after contamination of reagents or equipment with amplicon DNA Uracil -DNA ... Simultaneous detection of viral RNA and contaminating DNA Simultaneous detection of viral RNA and contaminating DNA Serial ten-fold dilutions of viral RNA with approximately 1,000 copies of heterologous...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... Formation of Okazaki fragments in polyoma DNA synthesis caused by misincorporation of uracil Cell 1978, 13(3):573-580 Tye BK, Lehman IR: Excision repair of uracil incorporated in DNA as a result of ... absence of this molecule results in Page of 14 (page number not for citation purposes) Virology Journal 2005, 2:55 delayed onset of viral DNA synthesis as well as inefficient replication of the ... the restoration of the UL114 locus reverted the phenotype of delayed DNA synthesis As observed previously, the mutant exhibited very little DNA synthesis in the first three days of infection (Fig...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20