§16 3 rate based model for leaching

... models across the two systems The proposed SncTSSG based model significantly outperforms (p < 0.05) the two baseline models Since the SncTSSG based model covers the STSSG based model in its modeling ... SncTSSG based model against two baseline models: the phrase -based and the STSSG -based models For the phrase -based model, we use Moses (Koehn et al, 2007) with its default settings; for the STSSG ... 26.56 26. 53 Moses Pisces Rule Set BLEU cBP cBP cBP + tgtncBP cBP + srcncBP cBP + src&tgtncBP 23. 86 22. 63 23. 74 23. 93 24.24 Table 3: Performance of bilingual phrasal rules Table 2: Performance...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 01:20

... distinction here between formally syntax -based and linguistically syntax -based MT A system like that of Yamada and Knight (2001) is both formally and linguistically syntax -based: formally because it ... phrase -based system Pharaoh (Koehn et al., 20 03; Koehn, 2004a), against our system For all three systems we trained the translation model on the FBIS corpus (7.2M+9.2M words); for the language model, ... A phrasebased, joint probability model for statistical machine translation In Proceedings of the 2002 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pages 133 – 139 Franz...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 05:20

... Jaccard Lin EM 30 /20 EM 40/20 Resnik Error Rate 0.2667 0.1951 0.2059 0.1858 0.1 635 0 .31 15 0 .34 70 0 .39 53 Coverage 0 .32 84 0 .35 06 0 .35 30 0 .35 06 0.2214 0.5460 0.9846 0 .30 84 Table 2: Error rate and coverage ... ice cream 0. 03 you 0. 03 some 0. 03 that 0. 03 er 0. 03 photo 0. 03 kind 0. 03 he 0. 03 type 0. 03 thing 0. 03 milk 0. 03 Cosine Ride vehicle:Vehicle it 1.18 there 0.88 they 0. 43 that 0 .34 i 0. 23 ship 0.19 ... computed error rate and coverage for the half coverage case In this condition, the error rates of the EM -based models are unchanged, while the error rates for all similarity -based models as well...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 18:20

... ⎪ √ √ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ R + 3( D + R) tan φ1 − 3D tan |φ| ⎪ ⎪− ⎪ ⎪ √ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ 3[ R − 3tan2 φ ] ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪× − D + 3 R + 3( D + R) tan φ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ × tan |φ| · sec2 φ, ⎪ φ2 ≤ |φ | ≤ 3 , ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎩0, ... 1 .3 From Figure and beamformers with similar beamwidths, this ratio takes the same value (for CIPR that gives outage probability close to 10%) ρ=r εP 2. 03% 5.77% eP 1.86% 3. 99% εP 2.54% 19 .35 % ... angles √ φi = cot−1 3D + λi , μi R √ i = 1, 2, (2) √ with μ = {1, 1, 2} and λ = { 3, − 3, 0} are defined Obviously, for |φ| ≤ φ1 , it is E1 (φ) ≡ E(BCDE) = E(ABC) − E(ADE), (3) where E(X1 X2 ·...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 23:20

... studies for developmental toxicity testing 17 2 .3 In vitro animal -based models for developmental toxicity testing 18 2 .3. 1 The MM assay 19 2 .3. 2 The WEC assay 21 2 .3. 3 The ... animal data, which exists in all animal -based in vivo and in vitro models 22 2 .3. 3 The zebrafish model The zebrafish model is a popular vertebrate model for developmental biology studies and toxicity ... prediction for all in vivo studies [3, 4] Simply adding a second species for compound testing will lead to higher false positive rates (40-60%) [68] 2 .3 In vitro animal -based models for developmental...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 08:18

... treated this model as the evaluation baseline (5) GORM: our proposed graph -based opinion retrieval model Approach Run id MAP IR Doc ROSC Baseline GORM 0.2797 0 .33 16 0 .37 62 0 .37 74 0 .39 78 COAE08 ... 0 .39 78 COAE08 Evaluation metrics R-pre bPref 0 .35 45 0 .36 90 0. 432 1 0.4411 0.4 835 0.2474 0 .30 30 0.4162 0.4198 0.4265 P@10 0.4868 0.6696 0.7089 0.6 931 0. 730 9 Table 1: Comparison of different approaches ... target (topic term) Furthermore, based on word pairs, we designed a unified graph -based method for opinion retrieval (see later in Section 3) 3. 1 Graph -based model Basic Idea Different from existing...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... the retrieval model is based on phrase -based translation model for the question part When µ2 = 1, the retrieval model is based on phrase -based translation model for the answer part 3. 3 Parameter ... of the phrase -based translation model Our Approach: Phrase -Based Translation Model for Question Retrieval 3. 1 Phrase -Based Translation Model 2.2 Word -Based Translation Model Phrase -based machine ... significant) 660 MAP 0 .35 2 0 .37 3 0 .38 6 0 .39 0 0 .39 1 Table 5: The impact of the phrase length on retrieval performance Model setting µ1 = in equation (15) Row is the phrasebased combination model which linearly...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... source phrases on the parse tree 3. 3 The Integration of the SDB Model into Phrase -Based SMT We integrate the SDB model into phrase -based SMT to help decoder perform syntax-driven phrase translation ... 0.041 0.002 0.0 23 0.016 P (e|c) 0. 030 0.049 0.051 0. 032 Pw (c|e) 0.006 0.046 0.055 0.027 Pw (e|c) 0.065 0.044 0.012 0.0 13 Features Plm (e) 0.20 0.17 0.21 0. 13 Pr (e) 0 .35 0.29 0.20 0. 23 Word 0.19 ... model; Pr = MaxEnt -based reordering model; Word = word bonus; Phr = phrase bonus System Baseline XP+ UniSDB BiSDB BLEU-n 0.2612 0.2720** 0.2762**+ 0.2779**++ 0.71 0.72 0.72 0.72 0 .36 0 .37 0 .37 ...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 07:20

... implemented based on VSM model and s-VSM model, respectively For the VSM model, we apply (CHI) algorithm (Yang and Pedersen, 1997) to select effective sentiment word features For the s-VSM model, ... presented Table p Audio -based 0.504 Knowledge -based 0.726 VSM -based 0.587 s-VSM -based 0.7 83 R 0.701 0.584 1.000 0.750 f-1 0.586 0.647 0.740 0.766 a 0.504 0.714 0.587 0. 732 weighted We will adopt ... approach outperforms the knowledge -based approach The third observation is that s-VSM -based method outperforms VSMbased method on f-1 score Besides, we surprisingly find that VSM -based method assigns...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 09:20

... the SMS normalization model consists of two sub-models: a word -based language model (LM), characterized by P( en | en −1 ) and a phrasebased lexical mapping model (channel model) , characterized ... -0.897016 -2.97058 -0. 431 364 -3. 27161 -0.477121 -0.764065 -1. 838 85 -0.726999 -0.845098 -0 .34 1514 Setup Raw SMS without Normalization Dictionary Look-up plus Frequency Bi-gram Language Model Only 0.5784 ... domain Raw Message Dict Lookup Normalization I2R 0.2 633 0 .34 85 0.44 23 Systran 0.1219 0.1690 0 .31 16 P F Brown, S D Pietra, V D Pietra and R Mercer 19 93 The Mathematics of Statistical Machine Translation:...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... (lex) IWSLT-04 37 .8 ± 3. 2 36 .3 ± 2.9 38 .8 ± 3. 0 38 .7 ± 2.8 38 .9 ± 3. 3 42.4 ± 3. 3 42.8 ± 3. 3 Table 1: BLEU-4 scores (%) with the 95% confidence intervals Italic numbers refer to results for which the ... k-best list is very important for the minimum error rate training (Och, 2003a) which is used for tuning the weights λ for our model We use a very lazy algorithm for the k-best list generation, ... similar and stable performance ranks in different domains and the MaxEnt -based reordering models achieve the best performance among them Using all features for the MaxEnt model (lex + col) is...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

... prec @30 RF(5) RF(10) RF(20) 0.2 03 0.2 63 0 .31 8 0 .38 7 Table Effect of applying relevance feedback for different number of iterations or not 950 Seed Pattern Induced Patterns 0.45 prec @30 0.4 0 .35 ... k =3 SPCIP 0 .36 (14 /39 ) 0.48 (10/21) 0.44 (4/9) SPMI 0.51 (20 /39 ) 0.62 ( 13/ 21) J Bai, D Song, P Bruza, J Y Nie, and G Cao 2005 Query Expansion Using Term Relationships in Language Models for Information ... mutual information indicates that the k words are more likely to form a semantic pattern of length k Here the length k also ranges from to For each k, we compute the mutual information for all...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

... http://trec.nist.gov/ R&G M&C 35 3-C HS 0.745 0.6 53 N/A JC 0.709 0.805 N/A LC 0.785 0.748 0 .34 L 0.77 0.767 N/A R 0.748 0. 737 0 .35 JS 0.842 0. 832 0.55 GM 0.816 0.7 23 0.75 F N/A N/A 0.56 HR 0.817 ... e2 = e3 = 0.5, and d1 = Naturally, d2 = 4, and let d3 = d4 = d2 = Finally, let dmax = 14, which is the case for Word- 3. 3 Computing Maximum Semantic Relatedness In the expansion of the VSM model ... 20 03) reported an improvement in retrieval performance using a fully sense -based system Our approach differs from the aforementioned ones in that it expands the VSM model using the semantic information...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 21:20

... 18.11 18.86 genres #sentences MT02 23. 87 23. 65 24.84 −0. 03 +0.72 nw 135 3 MT 03 18.88 18.99 20.26 −0.22 +0.97 nw 728 +0.11 +1 .38 MT05 22.60 22.29 23. 48 nw 6 63 −0 .31 +0.88 nw 1056 Avg −0.17 +1.04 2447 ... way to model these constraints is with a unification -based grammar (UBG) Johnson (20 03) presented algorithms for learning and parsing with stochastic UBGs However, training data for these formalisms ... +POS+Agr genres #sentences 14.68 14.57 15.04 MT08 14 .30 −0.11 14 .30 +0 .36 14.49 nw,bn,ng 1797 Avg +0.0 −0.06 +0.19 +0.29 nw,ng,wb 136 0 31 57 Table 3: Mixed genre test set results (BLEU-4 [%]) The...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 19:20

... Recall F-measure 72 .37 83. 61 77.58 74.61 82.47 78 .34 85.99 92 .30 89. 03 88.96 90.42 89.69 84.85 91.20 87.90 87.56 89.55 88.54 78.50 83. 53 80. 93 80 .36 83. 99 82. 13 88.15 92 .34 90.19 90.65 91.58 ... 88.94 89.27 90.62 89.94 73. 21 81 .38 77.07 75.11 81.04 77.96 85.12 91.54 88.21 88 .37 90 .34 89 .34 83. 28 89.70 86 .37 86.54 88.80 87.65 78.07 82.69 80 .31 79.54 83. 08 81.27 87 .30 92.18 89.67 90.05 91.48 ... Recall F-measure BI-1 71.91 83. 92 77.45 73. 57 82.95 77.98 BI-2 85 .38 89.96 87.61 87.19 88.26 87.72 BI -3 83. 36 89.17 86.17 85.12 87 .39 86.24 BIS-1 76.77 82.60 79.58 78.40 83. 16 80.71 BIS-2 87.66 90.41...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 06:20

... 0.99 0.98 0.95 0. 93 0. 93 9.0 23. 5 29.1 29.4 28.6 13. 9 6.7 5.6 5 .3 4.7 91% 85% 56% 63% 60% a Average amplitude variation for structure factors in the given resolution range For any individual ... Biophys Acta 131 9, 119± 132 33 Allen, J.F (1992) Protein phosphorylation in the regulation of photosynthesis Biochim Biophys Acta 1098, 275 33 5 34 Horton, P (1999) Are grana necessary for regulation ... fracture studies on barley plastid membranes III Carlsberg Res Commun 44, 30 5 33 6 33 6 R C Ford et al (Eur J Biochem 269) 30 Simpson, D.J., Vallon, O & Von Wettstein, D (1989) Freeze fracture studies...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 17:20

... 81.97/87.26 81. 13/ 87.65 83. 01/88.12 83. 22/88 .34 83. 21.88 .30 83. 22/88 .35 83. 31/88 .30 81. 43/ 88.0 83. 48/88.47 87.29 87.48 87. 53/ 89.86 87.79/90.12 88.22/90 .36 88 .31 /90.24 88.14/90. 23 88.50/90.59 88 .33 /90.45 ... 90.9 91.5 92.1 92.9 93. 04 93. 26 92.7 92.89 92.94 93. 16 93. 20 93. 23 93. 17 93. 39 93. 1 93. 16 93. 5 93. 79 LAS 91.87 92.08 92.10 92.15 92.10 92 .38 Table 2: English Attachment Scores for the Penn2Malt ... T2ab T2ab3a T2ab3b T2ab3abc G2a+ T2ab3ab+ Eng Czech German 88.79/89.88/89.52/92.10 90.14/92 .36 90.20/92.55 90.26/92.56 90.20/90.51 90.26/92.57 90 .31 /92.58 90 .39 /92.8 90 .36 /92.66 80 .38 80.11 81.97/87.26...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 22:20

... presented a model of spam detection based on the theory of artificial immune system, and we have also illustrated the advantages of this model than traditional models The concepts and formal definitions ... application for anti-spam based on AIS to implement spam detecting And we developed some series experiments Here are the coefficients for the model as the Table showing TABLE I Parameter COEFFICIENTS FOR ... Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing (TALIP) vol ,2004, pp 2 43- 269 [3] M.N Marsono, M Watheq, and F Gebali, "Binary LNS -based naïve Bayes inference engine for spam control: noise analysis...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 22:26

... calculation of the four features for them System Baseline TopicLex SimSrc SimTgt SimSrc+SimTgt Sim+Sen MT06 30 .20 30 .65 30 .41 30 .51 30 . 73 30.95 MT08 21. 93 22.29 22.69 22 .39 22.69 22.92 Avg 26.07 26.47 ... Monotone-rule Reordering-rule All-rule MT06 30 .20 30 . 53 30.72 30 .31 30 .95 MT08 21. 93 22.29 22.62 22.40 22.92 Avg 26.07 26.41 26.67 26 .36 26.94 Table 5: Effect of our topic model on three types of rules Phrase ... performance We used minimum error rate training (Och, 20 03) for optimizing the feature weights For the topic model, we used the open source LDA tool GibbsLDA++ for estimation and inference .3 GibssLDA++...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 14:20

... 0.09 0.25 0.26 0. 13 0 .39 0.28 0. 13 0.54 0.45 0 .38 0. 53 0.42 0 .36 0.61 0.48 0 .39 Table 4: Comparisons of observed runtime and storage Aver # of non-zero entries per doc File size for storing vectors ... 0.78 Signifcant Events R F MAP 0.2 0.29 0.11 0.18 0.28 0.08 0.44 0. 53 0 .31 0.56 0.64 0.48 0. 63 0.65 0.52 0.69 0. 73 0. 63 Table 3: Comparisons of average intra-class and interclass similarity Methods ... compare the performance of different text representation models for event detection, namely BurstVSM and boostVSM (He et al., 2007b; He et al., 2007a).7 For different representation models, we use...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 14:20