emissions reduction and cost effectiveness

... practitioners and psychotherapy services in England and Wales Euroqol D [32] as a measure of quality of life and costs from health and social care and society perspectives measured at 6, 12, 18 and 24 ... personal costs and examine cost utility and cost effectiveness from health and social care, and societal perspectives The aim is estimation in relation to NICE thresholds for cost effectiveness rather ... of Nottingham and nine health and social organisations in three English counties [18] It focuses on service innovation and implementation of research as well as clinical and cost effectiveness...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 16:22

... enhancing and developing techniques of, and research related to, safety, efficacy and cost- effectiveness evaluations of medicines and medical devices." In time, the increased interest in SE/CEAP and ... 'Medicare and Cost- Effectiveness Analysis' New England Journal of Medicine 2005, 353(14):1516-1522 Berger , et al.: Health Care Cost, Quality and Outcomes International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and ... and Australia[42] In 2001 the Singapore Ministry of Health appointed a Drug Cost Review Task Force to revise cost- effectiveness processes in connection with a Standard Drug List[43] In Thailand,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 18:20

... these demands and shall test whether an innovative diagnostic procedure results in a relevant reduction in unnecessary antibiotic utilization and whether this new strategy proves to be cost effective ... is the tertiary referral centre for Eastern and Southern Switzerland, and serves a population of approximately million The Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care at the University ... children and adolescent patients, trauma victims and high-risk surgical patients Unit B predominantly cares for infants and children who have undergone cardiac surgery Intervention and controls...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:20

... recurrent costs (37% in CBD and 35% in FBD) Most health system-related costs were salaries (53% and 47% of total health system-related costs in CBD and FBD respectively) and medicines (26% and 24% ... for TB (46% and 79% respectively) followed by direct costs (29% and 21% respectively) and other costs (24% in CBD only) Likewise, most supervisors' costs were opportunity costs (73% and 84% respectively) ... the health care system and direct costs to patients and their treatment supervisors but also social costs i.e other costs (including opportunity costs) incurred by patients and supervisors Analysis...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:22

... Page of 10 and other professionals; maintenance and equipment repair costs; depreciation costs; administration costs; and hotel costs such as laundry, meals, cleaning, etc In the cost- effectiveness ... Unit cost, number of users and mean cost per patient in different cost categories Cost Category Average unit cost per category Total n of user (% of total sample) Cost by cases (% of total costs) ... through a micro-costing approach, where quantities and unit costs were first estimated and then multiplied); indirect resources and overheads were estimated through a gross costing method and were allocated...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:22

... surgeons appears to be less costly and to help improve coverage of emergency obstetric care in rural areas [7-9] Although much has been written about the effectiveness and cost of care of mid-level ... variable costs would be the same for an obstetrician-led team, a general practitioner-led team, and a clinical officer-led team In fact, the main element of variable costs is the cost of kits and ... increase in salary and no clear career path) Costing caesarean sections by type of provider Table shows the annual training and deployment costs of providers The annual training cost of an obstetrician...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 17:20

... comparing the cost and effectiveness of different treatments options in Greece is limited, however, one cost of illness study was identified [29] The scope of this study is to examine the cost effectiveness ... days and a minimal incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) against risperidone (€3.39 er stable day in the case Table 8: Mental healthcare unit costs (€) Type of mental healthcare Unit costs ... 7.807 258.6 52 -7.0 1.291 -11.8 683 -12.0 777 -13.9 Incremental cost and effectiveness compared with paliperidone ER: Cost (€) Effectiveness -0.3 Page of 12 (page number not for citation purposes)...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 23:21

... 258.6 7.713 260.5 1.291 -11.8 777 -13.9 683 -12.0 Incremental cost and effectiveness compared with paliperidone ER: Cost (€) 52 Effectiveness -0.3 -7.0 Correction Following the publication of ... http://www.annals-general-psychiatry.com/content/8/1/15 Table 1: Mean annual number of stable days and cost per patient by pharmaceutical treatment Paliperidone ER Base case: Cost (€) Effectiveness Olanzapine Risperidone Quetiapine Ziprasidone ... Papanicolaou S, Kyriopoulos I: Costs and effects of paliperidone extended release compared with alternative oral antipsychotic agents in patients with schizophrenia in Greece: a cost effectiveness study...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 23:21

... utilising the Demographic and Health Survey [31] Calculation of cost- effectiveness ratios Having estimated the total costs and effectiveness of various health interventions, the cost- effectiveness ratio ... the second lowest cost- effectiveness ratio and also calculating the total costs of averting this health problem and so on until the budget is exhausted Assuming that the cost- effectiveness ratios ... citation purposes) Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation 2008, 6:14 ing health packages [16], desirable health interventions are those with low cost- effectiveness ratios and at the same time...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:22

... health care costs The model also reports mean total direct health care costs for selected outcomes: cost of stable days, cost of inpatient relapse, cost of outpatient relapse, and cost of adverse ... the total annual medication cost of each antipsychotic medication Cost- Effectiveness Information The cost- effectiveness measure in the model is the incremental cost- effectiveness ratio (ICER), ... Affairs Cooperative Study Group on the Cost- Effectiveness of Olanzapine: Effectiveness and cost of olanzapine and haloperidol in the treatment of schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial JAMA 2003,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:22

... for the programme cost overheads) by decreases or increases in costs The cost- effectiveness ratios are also biased upwards (or downwards) to the extent that transport costs and costs of work lost ... Ginsberg et al.: Prevention, screening and treatment of colorectal cancer: a global and regional generalized cost effectiveness analysis Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation 2010 8:2 Submit ... Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Swaziland, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe) Ginsberg et al Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation 2010, 8:2 http://www.resource-allocation.com/content/8/1/2...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:22

... negatives cases Cost- effectiveness was estimated as average costeffectiveness ratio (ACER) and incremental cost- effectiveness ratio (ICER) ACER was calculated as a cost of diagnosis and treatment ... Microsoft Excel version Effectiveness was calculated using Epi Info™ version 3.5 [22] and the cost and cost- effectiveness were calculated using Microsoft Excel Costing Costing was undertaken from ... AL cost CQ cost Total cost 580 (23.95) 2143 (88.48) Lemma et al Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation 2011, 9:2 http://www.resource-allocation.com/content/9/1/2 Page of Table Average and...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:22

... average cost- effectiveness ratio taking into account treatment costs only Tx+Hosp = average cost- effectiveness ratio taking into account treatment and hospital costs Tx+Time = average cost- effectiveness ... estimations) Cost estimations The cost analyses comprise of: a) intervention cost; b) medical costs for treating or preventing side effects; c) cost of hospitalization; and d) time and travel cost of ... intervention costs including and excluding time and travel costs of patients and families; and (b) varying costs of risperidone Generic risperidone is not yet available in Thailand However, the...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:22

... service costs in proportion to target population Health center Cost per FIC Cost/ dose used Cost/ dose administered Cost per FIC With Penta 12,751 734 907 Fixed Page of Total cost (FCFA) Cost per ... the average cost per dose used (total costs/total doses used) and the average cost per dose administered (total costs/total doses administered - what it takes to administer a dose) Costs are expressed ... for the district and dropout rate for BCG - Penta Ebong and Levy Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation 2011, 9:9 http://www.resource-allocation.com/content/9/1/9 Page of and no FIC since...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:22

... utility, and risk reduction parameters The Gamma distribution was specified for the cost parameters The Monte Carlo simulation drew values for each input parameter and calculated expected cost and effectiveness ... al Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation 2011, 9:13 http://www.resource-allocation.com/content/9/1/13 Page of Table Expected Cost and Effectiveness of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) and ... chronic disease and Figure Incremental cost- effectiveness scatter plot: CGM and SMBG vs SMBG only Incremental cost- effectiveness scatter plot of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and self-monitoring...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:22

... Monsén and Edéll-Gustafsson [57] introduced non-disturbance periods during afternoon and night, and changed nursing and medical routines, which resulted in reduced sleep disturbance factors and ... leading to sleep during the day [29-31] and a reduction in sleep at night as well as general sleep fragmentation, with a reduction in both slow wave sleep and REM sleep Hallucinations may occur ... octave band was eliminated While only one of the above two studies was carried out in an ICU, the relationship between sleep disruption and RT was not analysed Effectiveness of noise reduction...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:23

... mechanism, and policies to respond to climate change; - Develop, promulgate and implement a mechanism for coordination among the ministries, sectors, and localities, and the NTP management and implementation ... and Land Degradation through IFAD's COSOP for Viet Nam Mitigating the Impact of Climate Change and Land Degradation through IFAD's COSOP for Viet Nam Mitigating the Impact of Climate Change and ... been designed to strengthen and consolidate capacity building and research as well to initiate action with sector ministries and provinces It is not a national plan with costed implementation projects,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/04/2013, 11:10

... Various costs Fixed cost of production ($ ha-1) Depreciation Land and water Total cost of production ($ ha-1) Total cost of production ($ kg-1) Gross return ($ ha-1) Net return ($ ha-1) Benefit to cost ... gross and net returns and benefit to cost ratio were calculated using Eqs (5) - (9) The fixed and variable expenditures included in the cost of production were calculated in detail The variable cost ... other hand, the fixed costs of production in small, medium and large farms was found to be 526.55, 536.57 and 571.19 $ ha-1, respectively The net return for canola production in small, medium and...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:30

Ngày tải lên: 05/11/2013, 12:15

... power and control to the hand If standards were defined, quick-change mechanisms and a family of hand grippers and robot tools would rapidly become available The development of a dexterous hand ... but rather in understanding and standardizing the interface requirements These issues and others were covered at a National Bureau of Standards (NBS) workshop in January 1980 and again in September ... needs for the increased efficiency and cost effectiveness of this new technology surely exceed those of industry when one considers the potential reduction in risk and casualties on the battlefield...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 01:15